The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Virtual reality and learning: Where is the pedagogy?
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to build upon D algarno and L ee's model or framework of learning in three‐dimensional (3‐ D ) virtual learning environments ( VLEs ) and to extend their road map for further research in this area. The enhanced model shares the common goal with D algarno and L ee of identifying the learning benefits from using 3‐ D VLE s. The approach adopted here is to attempt a more pedagogical description using the concept of pedagogical immersion as derived from M ayes and F owler's framework for mapping stages of learning onto types of learning environment. The paper adopts a “design for learning” perspective and in doing so hopes the combined framework will prove useful to those designing learning activities in 3‐ D VLE s.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2001) · Cited by 13,930
The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit formation
Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908) · Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology · doi:10.1002/cne.920180503 · Cited by 6,911
Teaching for quality learning at university
Boulton‐Lewis, G. M. (2008) · Faculty of Education · Cited by 4,926
What are the learning affordances of 3‐D virtual environments?
Dalgarno, B., & Lee, M. J. W. (2010) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.01038.x · Cited by 1,840
Educational virtual environments: A ten-year review of empirical research (1999–2009)
Mikropoulos, T. A., & Natsis, A. (2011) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2010.10.020 · Cited by 1,122
How does desktop virtual reality enhance learning outcomes? A structural equation modeling approach
Ai-Lim Lee, E., Wong, K. W., & Fung, C. C. (2010) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2010.06.006 · Cited by 580
Rethinking Pedagogy for a Digital Age
(2007) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203961681 · Cited by 433
Mapping pedagogy and tools for effective learning design
Conole, G., Dyke, M., Oliver, M., & Seale, J. (2004) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2003.12.018 · Cited by 362
A Model for Understanding How Virtual Reality Aids Complex Conceptual Learning
Salzman, M. C., Dede, C., Loftin, R. B., & Chen, J. (1999) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/105474699566242 · Cited by 330
Learning technology and usability: a framework for understanding courseware
Mayes, J. T., & Fowler, C. J. (1999) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/s0953-5438(98)00065-4 · Cited by 240
Self-citation
Cited by
Virtual Reality and Its Applications in Education: Survey
Kamińska, D., Sapiński, T., Wiak, S., Tikk, T., Haamer, R., Avots, E., Helmi, A., Ozcinar, C., & Anbarjafari, G. (2019) · Information · doi:10.3390/info10100318 · Cited by 459
Chien, S.-Y., Hwang, G.-J., & Jong, M. S.-Y. (2020) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103751 · Cited by 438
Signaling in virtual reality influences learning outcome and cognitive load
Albus, P., Vogt, A., & Seufert, T. (2021) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104154 · Cited by 319
A meta-analysis of virtual reality training programs for social skill development
Howard, M. C., & Gutworth, M. B. (2020) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103707 · Cited by 234
Contero, M., Olmos-Raya, E., Ferreira-Cavalcanti, J., Castellanos, M. C., Giglioli, I. A. C., & Alcañiz, M. (2018) · EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education · doi:10.29333/ejmste/85874 · Cited by 83
Metadata
- Authors
- Fowler, C.
- Venue
- British Journal of Educational Technology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-01-27
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 412-422
- ISSN
- 0007-1013 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8535
- OpenAlex
- W2107871446
- Cited by
- 477
- References
- 16
- FWCI
- 23.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Virtual reality and learning: Where is the pedagogy? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/bjet.12135
- The paper
- Fowler, C. (2015). Virtual reality and learning: Where is the pedagogy? British Journal of Educational Technology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12135
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
