The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 21 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Unemployment Alters the Set Point for Life Satisfaction
Open accessAbstract
According to set-point theories of subjective well-being, people react to events but then return to baseline levels of happiness and satisfaction over time. We tested this idea by examining reaction and adaptation to unemployment in a 15-year longitudinal study of more than 24,000 individuals living in Germany. In accordance with set-point theories, individuals reacted strongly to unemployment and then shifted back toward their baseline levels of life satisfaction. However, on average, individuals did not completely return to their former levels of satisfaction, even after they became reemployed. Furthermore, contrary to expectations from adaptation theories, people who had experienced unemployment in the past did not react any less negatively to a new bout of unemployment than did people who had not been previously unemployed. These results suggest that although life satisfaction is moderately stable over time, life events can have a strong influence on long-term levels of subjective well-being.
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22 Own result · 8 Sources not found · 8 Own interpretation · 6 Own method · 6 No basis given · 5 No full text of the sources · 4 Not checked yet
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the reaction phase added significantly to the prediction ( = .69,S.E.= .08,t = 9.09, p < .001)when both average baseline satisfaction and average reaction phase satisfaction were entered into the equation.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Table 1 shows that, on average, people do not return to baseline levels long after the period of unemployment has ended”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the reaction parameter correlated .67 with the adaptation parameter”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“within-person changes in income had a significant and substantial positive effect on people's life satisfaction over the course of the study (a coefficient of .40)”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“even after controlling for this effect, people become over one-half of a point less satisfied during the reaction phase of unemployment.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The moderator analyses show that none of the person-level characteristics influenced this within-person adaptation parameter.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“people's average income moderates the effect of within-person changes in income -the higher a respondent's average income, the less changes in income influence life satisfaction.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, on average, individuals did not completely return to their former levels of life satisfaction, even after they became re-employed.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“People with higher incomes began the study with higher levels of life satisfaction”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, even individuals who dropped dramatically after unemployment showed some rebound toward baseline, not the pattern we would expect from a downward spiral due to internal causes.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 23
- Probably not a substantial claim. 17
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, reactions to unemployment were similar regardless of sex, age, income, or length of time one remained unemployed.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the individual level, people's set-point changed in that some individuals' life satisfaction increased slightly after adaptation to the unemployment experience, whereas other people's life satisfaction stayed substantially lower even after many years.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Initial baseline levels of satisfaction correlated -.11 with the reactivity parameter and -.30 with the adaptation parameter.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Within-person analyses showed, however, that there are considerable individual differences in reaction and adaptation to unemployment.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“although the adaptation parameter is significantly smaller than the reaction parameter ( 2 = 6.57, df = 1, p < .05),which shows that people do start shifting back towards baseline during the adaptation phase”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Table 1 shows that the respondents who met our selection criteria were approximately onequarter of a point higher than average on life satisfaction before they became unemployed.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It is important to note, however, that an event such as unemployment does not have the same meaning or influence on everyone -there are clear individual differences in reactions to these events”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Discussion
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Satisfaction in the baseline period correlated .73 and .62 with satisfaction in the reactivity and adaptation periods, respectively.Satisfaction in the reactivity period correlated .80 with satisfaction in the adaptation phase.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although there was substantial stability in life satisfaction over the years, unemployment did influence long-term levels, thus suggesting that in addition to personality, long-term subjective well-being can also be influenced by life circumstances.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Abstract
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In accordance with set-point theory, individuals first reacted strongly to unemployment and then shifted back toward their former (or”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, prior to unemployment, the individuals who would eventually become unemployed reported a high level of life satisfaction, and did not show evidence of lower levels that would likely result from initial problems with alcohol, dysphoria, and so forth.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Second, it should also be noted that Lucas, Clark, Georgellis, and Diener (2001) found that widows show a sharp decline in life satisfaction and do not on average return to their former levels even after five years”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lucas, Clark, Georgellis, and Diener (2001)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Our data show strong temporal stability in life satisfaction, which is compatible with the idea of a strong temperament influence (Tellegen et al., 1988).”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Tellegen et al., 1988
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Research shows that these variables are moderately to strongly stable over time and often change only slightly following major life events.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Diener, Suh, Lucas, & Smith, 1999 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This indicates that although the baseline phase captures a substantial amount of variance in the adaptation level, satisfaction during the reaction phase adds variance to the prediction of one's eventual adaptation level.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Results
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the aggregate level, people were less satisfied long after unemployment, suggesting that the event lowered the average set-point of these respondents.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because of certain trends in the data, we centered life satisfaction scores within each year of the survey and within four sub-samples of the larger population (West Germans, East Germans, immigrants to Germany, and foreigners living in Germany; see Lucas et al., for details).”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Method
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For example, longitudinal studies have shown that happiness prospectively predicts higher income levels (e.g., Diener, Nickerson, Lucas, & Sandvik, 2001;Marks & Fleming, 1999), better health (Danner & Snowdon, 2001), and the experience of various positive life events (Magnus, Diener, & Fujita, 1996).”
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They found that people often showed incomplete adaptation to marital transitions.Furthermore, Lucas et al. demonstrated that there were considerable individual differences in these reactions, and that the strength with which one reacted to an event was strong predictor of whether or not he or she would ever completely adapt.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lucas, Clark, Georgellis, and Diener (2001)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In a later study, Lykken and Tellegen (1996) concluded that about 80 percent of the variance in long-term levels of SWB could be attributed to inborn temperament.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Lykken and Tellegen (1996) source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“participants were asked how satisfied they were with their lives at the time of the survey, using a scale that ranged from 0 to 10.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Method
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Households were selected using multi-stage random sampling, and all members of each selected household were asked to participate.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Method
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Haisken-De New & Frick, 1998
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Previous cross-sectional studies of unemployment have shown that unemployed individuals tend to be substantially less happy than employed individuals (Argyle, 2001;Clark and Oswald, 1994).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Argyle, 2001
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Clark and Oswald, 1994 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“According to this theory, people initially react to events, but then return to baseline levels of well-being that are determined by personality factors.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Headey & Wearing, 1992
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Unfortunately, neither of these designs is ideal because pre-event levels of SWB are not known. Thus, these designs cannot determine whether people return to pre-event levels of SWB.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Researchers have therefore claimed that people have inborn SWB”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Headey & Wearing, 1992
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the multi-level modeling analytic technique allows participants to contribute to the estimate of parameters, even if they do not have complete data.Therefore, the 1,119 participants contribute to the fixed part of the model, but only the 669 participants with complete data contribute to the estimate of correlations among parameters.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Method
plainn = 1,119- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Furthermore, personality and temperament variables seem to play a strong role in determining individuals' levels of SWB (Diener & Lucas, 1999).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Diener & Lucas, 1999 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We should note that this model requires that all participants contribute data for at least two years before and after their period of unemployment, a criterion that is more restrictive than our initial selection criterion.Six hundred sixty-nine respondents met this more restrictive selection criterion.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Method
plainn = 669- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Tellegen et al. (1988), for example, used a twin study design to show that genes account for about half of the variance in positive and negative affect.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Tellegen et al. (1988)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Costa, McCrae, and Zonderman (1987) showed that the stability of SWB does not seem to be affected by the events that happen to people-individuals who experienced major life events exhibited similar long-term test-retest reliability on SWB measures as did those who experienced no such major life events.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Costa, McCrae, and Zonderman (1987) source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Surveys were conducted yearly using face-to-face interviews.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Method
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Suh, Diener, and Fujita (1996) estimated that most life events affect SWB for less than two months”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Suh, Diener, and Fujita (1996) source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants were selected from the larger sample if they began the study employed, experienced one period of unemployment during the study, regained employment, and then stayed employed for the remainder of the study.”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Method
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“More specifically, SWB could be used to make a strong case for unemployment programmes given the significant reduction in SWB associated with any periods of unemployment (Clark et al., 2004;Clark, 2010).”
From Measuring Subjective Wellbeing: Recommendations on Measures for use by National Governments (2012) · cites this paper as Clark et al., 2004
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Employment may be associated with positive outcomes such as increased physical and mental health [11–13].”
From Supported employment: Meta-analysis and review of randomized controlled trials of individual placement and support (2019) · cites this paper as [11]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Intercept, 10 | -0.537 | 0.049 | 8.116 <0.001 | |”
§ Unemployment Alters the Set-Point for Life Satisfaction > Discussion
Reported 8.116 · recomputed -10.959184
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“#4 2 Source: Clark, Diener, Georgellis and Lucas (2003), using data from the German Socioeconomic Panel.”
InfluentialRelative Income, Happiness, and Utility: An Explanation for the Easterlin Paradox and Other Puzzles
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“More recent examples of adaptation in non-monetary spheres are Lucas et al. (2003) and Lucas (2005) with respect to marriage and divorce, Wu (2001) and Oswald and Powdthavee (2005) for adaptation to illness or disability, and Lucas et al. (2004) regarding unemployment.”
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Self-citationBeyond the hedonic treadmill: Revising the adaptation theory of well-being.
Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Scollon, C. N. (2006) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.61.4.305 · Cited by 1,946
“from work ( Lucas, Clark, Georgellis, & Diener, 2004 ), and individuals who divorced (Lucas, 2005b) all reported long-lasting changes in life satisfaction after these life events.”
MethodSelf-citationIs Well-Being U-Shaped Over the Life Cycle?
Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (2007) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.01.030 · Cited by 1,934
“…attracted attention from medical statisticians, psychologists, economists, and other investigators (including recently Easterlin 2003, Blanchflower and Oswald 2004, Helliwell and Putnam 2004, Lucas et al 2004, Layard 2005, Smith et al 2005, Ubel et al 2005, Gilbert 2006, and Kahneman et al 2006).”
Personality and Subjective Well-Being
Richard, E., & Diener, E. (2009) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_4 · Cited by 1,615
“ment and divorce, on the other hand, some amount of adaptation occurred, but this adaptation was incomplete (Lucas, 2005; Lucas et al., 2004).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPsychological well-being: evidence regarding its causes and consequences
Huppert, F. A. (2009) · Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/j.1758-0854.2009.01008.x · Cited by 1,583
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Luhmann, M., Hofmann, W., Eid, M., & Lucas, R. E. (2012) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025948 · Cited by 1,410
“The findings were perhaps most striking for unemployment: After the beginning of unemployment, mean levels of SWB were significantly below baseline, even if people became reemployed (Lucas et al., 2004).”
BackgroundSelf-citationOn the promotion of human flourishing
VanderWeele, T. J. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1702996114 · Cited by 1,387
Subjective Well-Being: A General Overview
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Self-citationTheory and Validity of Life Satisfaction Scales
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“Lucas and Donnellan (2007) analyzed the life satisfaction of people over time in large data sets from Germany (SOEP), the United Kingdom (BHPS), and Australia (HILDA; see also Lucas 2007; Lucas and Clark 2006; Lucas et al. 2003, 2004).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLags and Leads in Life Satisfaction: A Test of the Baseline Hypothesis
Clark, A. E., Diener, E., Georgellis, Y., & Lucas, R. E. (2008) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02150.x · Cited by 1,184
“broadly, unemployment starts off bad and stays bad. Lucas et al. (2004) use hierarchical”
Self-citationHandbook of Religion and Health
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Advances and Open Questions in the Science of Subjective Well-Being
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Self-citationThe IKEA effect: When labor leads to love
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“For example, being deprived of labor – in the form of unemployment – has clear financial repercussions, but also lasting psychological consequences; even when people obtain future employment, the adverse impact of job loss on well-being remains (Clark and Oswald 1994; Feather 1990; Lucas et al. 2004).”
BackgroundWhatever does not kill us: cumulative lifetime adversity, vulnerability, and resilience
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“Although we recognize the value in knowing, for instance, whether people adapt to living in areas with more or less green space (cf. Lucas et al., 2003, 2004, with respect to changes in marriage and employment status), our central aim was to quantify the impact green space might have on well-being…”
BackgroundThe Evolving Concept of Subjective Well-Being: The Multifaceted Nature of Happiness
Diener, E., Scollon, C. N., & Lucas, R. E. (2009) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_4 · Cited by 954
“46 for positive affect and negative affect in a student sample, and Costa and McCrae (1988) found 6-year stability coefficients in the 0.”
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Self-citationLife Satisfaction Set Point: Stability and Change.
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“Another event that appears capable of moving people’s LS downward is unemployment (Lucas et al., 2004).”
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Self-citationHappiness in Everyday Life: The Uses of Experience Sampling
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Neuroticism and common mental disorders: meaning and utility of a complex relationship.
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“…poor relationship quality, and chronic or repeated unemployment can lead to increases in neuroticism (P. Costa, Herbst, McCrae, & Siegler, 2000; Lucas et al., 2004; Lüdtke et al., 2011; Lüdtke et al., 2009) and CMD risk (Brown & Harris, 1989; K. S. Kendler, Gardner, & Prescott, 2002; K. S.…”
Longitudinal effects on mental health of moving to greener and less green urban areas
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“Indeed, Lucas et al. (2004) found that German workers who lost their jobs experienced an expected decline in their well-being but also failed to return to their preunemployment levels of well-being even after they located new employment.”
BackgroundInfluentialDoes happiness adapt? A longitudinal study of disability with implications for economists and judges
Oswald, A. J., & Powdthavee, N. (2008) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.01.002 · Cited by 563
“In this sense, it appears to be compatible with a small number of emerging papers such as Lucas et al (2004) and Fujita and Diener (2005).”
Subjective well-being and academic achievement: A meta-analysis
Buecker, S., Nuraydin, S., Simonsmeier, B. A., Schneider, M., & Luhmann, M. (2018) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2018.02.007 · Cited by 726
Money and mental wellbeing: A longitudinal study of medium-sized lottery wins
Gardner, J., & Oswald, A. J. (2007) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2006.08.004 · Cited by 562
“Hedonic adaptation is discussed in modern research by, for example, Rayo and Becker (2004), Clark (1999), Clark et al (2004), Lucas et al (2003, 2004), Di Tella et al (2005), Gilbert et al (1998), Riis et al (2005), Frederick and Loewenstein (1999), Kahneman and Sugden (2005), Oswald and Powdthavee…”
Life cycle happiness and its sources
Easterlin, R. A. (2006) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2006.05.002 · Cited by 582
Does Happiness Promote Career Success?
Boehm, J. K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2007) · Journal of Career Assessment · doi:10.1177/1069072707308140 · Cited by 612
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The ‘What’, ‘Why’ and ‘How’ of Employee Well-Being: A New Model
Page, K. M., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2009) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-008-9270-3 · Cited by 550
“Similar results were found in relation to unemployment ( Lucas et al. 2004 ).”
ResultUNEMPLOYMENT AND SELF-ASSESSED HEALTH: EVIDENCE FROM PANEL DATA
Ilmakunnasb, P. (2016) · Cited by 540
National accounts of subjective well-being.
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2015) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0038899 · Cited by 544
Self-citationStrine, T. W., Chapman, D. P., Balluz, L. S., Moriarty, D. G., & Mokdad, A. H. (2007) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-007-9066-4 · Cited by 522
“Factors such as employment [2, 6, 8, 11, 51, 52], marital status [2, 8, 11, 53], race [3] and education [40] have consistently shown associations with life satisfaction in previous research.”
ResultExplaining Away: A Model of Affective Adaptation
Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2008) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00085.x · Cited by 543
“…domains than they do in others; for example, Frederick and Loewenstein (1999) noted that people adapt more easily to incarceration than to unpleasant noises, and Lucas et al. (2004) found that losing one’s job is particularly difficult to adapt to and has a long-term impact on life satisfaction.”
Time Does Not Heal All Wounds: A Longitudinal Study of Reaction and Adaptation to Divorce
Lucas, R. E. (2005) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01642.x · Cited by 492
Self-citationHappiness and Public Policy: A Challenge to the Profession
Layard, R. (2006) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01073.x · Cited by 487
“9 Lucas et al. (2004).”
Aknin, L. B., Dunn, E. W., & Norton, M. I. (2011) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-011-9267-5 · Cited by 515
“For instance, divorce (Lucas 2005), disability (Lucas 2007), and unemployment (Lucas et al. 2004) have been shown to exert a lasting negative impact on well-being.”
BackgroundLucas, R. E. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.717 · Cited by 490
“In other research, I have shown that these changes are often linked with specific life events like the experience of unemployment or divorce (Lucas, 2005; Lucas et al., 2004 ).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationThe Quality-of-Life (QOL) Research Movement: Past, Present, and Future
Sirgy, M. J., Michalos, A. C., Ferriss, A. L., Easterlin, R. A., Patrick, D. L., & Pavot, W. (2006) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-005-2877-8 · Cited by 479
Kim‐Prieto, C., Diener, E., Tamir, M., Scollon, C. N., & Diener, E. (2005) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-005-7226-8 · Cited by 481
“People who lost their jobs showed a decline in life satisfaction and never fully recovered to their former levels (Lucas et al., 2004).”
BackgroundSelf-citationStability and specificity of meaning in life and life satisfaction over one year
Steger, M. F., & Kashdan, T. B. (2006) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-006-9011-8 · Cited by 450
How Can Measures of Subjective Well-Being Be Used to Inform Public Policy?
Dolan, P., & White, M. P. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00030.x · Cited by 416
Measuring Subjective Wellbeing: Recommendations on Measures for use by National Governments
DOLAN, P., & METCALFE, R. (2012) · Journal of Social Policy · doi:10.1017/s0047279411000833 · Cited by 404
Beyond Money: Toward an Economy of Well-Being
Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2009) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_9 · Cited by 415
Self-citationHappiness adaptation to income and to status in an individual panel
Tella, R. D., Haisken‐DeNew, J. P., & MacCulloch, R. (2010) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2010.09.016 · Cited by 461
“The adaptation effects we investigate are consistent with the model of Pollak (1970), Wathieu (2004), Rayo and Becker (2005), inter alia.”
Happiness Is a Personal(ity) Thing
Weiß, A., Bates, T. C., & Luciano, M. (2008) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02068.x · Cited by 422
“…differences in the subjective well-being set point, but also that environmental events can lead to lasting changes in this set point and that the degree of adaptation to circumstances differs among individuals (Lucas, Clark, Georgellis, & Diener, 2003; Lucas, Clark, Georgellis, & Diener, 2004).”
BackgroundLife satisfaction and self-employment: a matching approach
Binder, M., & Coad, A. (2012) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-011-9413-9 · Cited by 406
In Pursuit of Happiness: Empirical Answers to Philosophical Questions
Kesebir, P., & Diener, E. (2008) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2008.00069.x · Cited by 415
“Lucas, Clark, Georgellis, and Diener (2003, 2004) , for example, have observed in a 15-year longitudinal study that individuals who experienced unemployment or widowhood did not, on average, fully recover and return to their earlier life satisfication levels.”
BackgroundSelf-citationDissatisfied with Life but Having a Good Day: Time‐use and Well‐being of the Unemployed
Knabe, A., Rätzel, S., Schöb, R., & Weimann, J. (2010) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02347.x · Cited by 348
“…influences, including the respondents’ income, social contacts or health.1 These answers represent a respondent’s personal assessment of general life satisfaction, but give only limited insights into what makes people unhappy when they are unemployed or what makes them happy when they are employed.”
InfluentialSubjective Well-Being: Measuring Happiness, Suffering, and Other Dimensions of Experience
Stone, A. A., & Mackie, C. (2013) · Cited by 343
Happily Ever After? Cohabitation, Marriage, Divorce, and Happiness in Germany
Zimmermann, A. C., & Easterlin, R. A. (2006) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2006.00135.x · Cited by 322
“Elsewhere, they conclude that unemployment has a lasting effect on well-being, altering the happiness setpoint (Lucas et al. 2004).”
BackgroundSchimmack, U., Schupp, J., & Wagner, G. G. (2008) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-007-9230-3 · Cited by 341
“Most prominently, the effect of unemployment on CWB has been demonstrated in several studies (Lucas et al. 2004; Murphy and Athanasou 1999; Winkelmann and Winkelmann 1998).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialTransactions between life events and personality traits across the adult lifespan.
Denissen, J. J. A., Luhmann, M., Chung, J. M., & Bleidorn, W. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000196 · Cited by 206
Experientialism, Materialism, and the Pursuit of Happiness
Van Boven, L. (2005) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.132 · Cited by 318
Anusic, I., & Schimmack, U. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000066 · Cited by 352
Back to Baseline in Britain: Adaptation in the British Household Panel Survey
Clark, A. E., & Georgellis, Y. (2012) · Economica · doi:10.1111/ecca.12007 · Cited by 299
Self-citationThe role of career adaptability and work conditions on general and professional well-being
Maggiori, C., Johnston, C. S., Krings, F., Massoudi, K., & Rossier, J. (2013) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2013.07.001 · Cited by 346
How Does Subjective Well-Being Evolve with Age? A Literature Review
Ulloa, B. F. L., Møller, V., & Sousa‐Poza, A. (2013) · Journal of Population Ageing · doi:10.1007/s12062-013-9085-0 · Cited by 307
Using wellbeing for public policy: Theory, measurement, and recommendations
Adler, A., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2016) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v6i1.429 · Cited by 330
“Even for employed individuals, providing opportunities to engage in meaningful activities is individually, socially, and economically beneficial (Lucas et al., 2004).”
BackgroundLove, work, and changes in extraversion and neuroticism over time.
Scollon, C. N., & Diener, E. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.6.1152 · Cited by 272
Self-citationLife Goals Matter to Happiness: A Revision of Set-Point Theory
Headey, B. (2007) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-007-9138-y · Cited by 291
“Using these data, Diener and colleagues observe that some respondents appear to have recorded long term and perhaps permanent changes in their SWB (Lucas et al. 2003; Clark et al. 2004; Fujita and Diener 2005).”
BackgroundZhang, J. W., Howell, R. T., & Stolarski, M. (2013) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9322-x · Cited by 271
Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., Sweetman, D. S., & Harms, P. D. (2012) · Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies · doi:10.1177/1548051812465893 · Cited by 296
Life Satisfaction Dynamics with Quarterly Life Event Data*
Frijters, P., Johnston, D. W., & Shields, M. A. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9442.2010.01638.x · Cited by 262
Studying Changes in Life Circumstances and Personality: It's about Time
Luhmann, M., Orth, U., Specht, J., Kandler, C., & Lucas, R. E. (2014) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1951 · Cited by 264
“For instance, unemployment has been associated with persistent changes in life satisfaction (Lucas et al., 2004).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Challenge of Staying Happier
Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2012) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167212436400 · Cited by 285
Income and happiness across Europe: Do reference values matter?
Caporale, G. M., Georgellis, Y., Tsitsianis, N., & Yin, Y. P. (2008) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2008.06.004 · Cited by 275
“According to Lucas et al. (2004), adaptation to unemployment is slow and incomplete. months) on well-being is strongly positive and statistically significant for the Scandinavian countries, and weakly positive but statistically insignificant for the Western European countries.”
BackgroundSelf-citationBeyond the Hedonic Treadmill: Revising the Adaptation Theory of Well-Being
Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Scollon, C. N. (2009) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_5 · Cited by 261
Self-citationHedonic Adaptation to Positive and Negative Experiences
Lyubomirsky, S. (2010) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375343.013.0011 · Cited by 274
Unemployment and mental health scarring during the life course
Strandh, M., Winefield, A. H., Nilsson, K., & Hammarström, A. (2014) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/cku005 · Cited by 247
Boyce, C. J., Wood, A. M., & Brown, G. D. A. (2010) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.05.001 · Cited by 243
Social desirability bias in self-reported well-being measures: evidence from an online survey
Caputo, A. (2017) · Universitas Psychologica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.upsy16-2.sdsw · Cited by 194
“…analyses, socio-demographic variables show that being female, not married/ cohabitant, less educated, and unemployed tend to lower subjective well-being, as demonstrated in previous studies (Lucas et al., 2004; Myers, 2000; Piccinelli & Wilkinson, 2000; Sigmon et al., 2005; Watson et al., 2010).”
ResultHeadey, B., Muffels, R., & Wooden, M. (2008) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-007-9146-y · Cited by 239
“that repeated spells of unemployment have a ‘scarring’ effect and permanently lower life satisfaction ( Clark et al, 2004 ).”
Does Happiness Promote Career Success? Revisiting the Evidence
Walsh, L. C., Boehm, J. K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2018) · Journal of Career Assessment · doi:10.1177/1069072717751441 · Cited by 265
“Thus, the evidence implies that well-being may offer some measure of protection against unemployment—a particularly negative life event that is difficult for individuals to adapt to and recover from (Anusic et al., 2014; Fritz, Walsh, & Lyubomirsky, 2017; Lucas et al., 2004).”
BackgroundWorking Time Mismatch and Subjective Well-being
Wooden, M., Warren, D., & Drago, R. W. (2009) · British Journal of Industrial Relations · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2008.00705.x · Cited by 258
Does Migration Make You Happy? A Longitudinal Study of Internal Migration and Subjective Well-Being
Nowok, B., van Ham, M., Findlay, A. M., & Gayle, V. (2013) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1068/a45287 · Cited by 230
Subjective Wellbeing, Objective Wellbeing and Inequality in Australia
Western, M., & Tomaszewski, W. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163345 · Cited by 272
Doris, J. M., & The Moral Psychology Research Group (2010) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199582143.001.0001 · Cited by 227
Residential mobility, well-being, and mortality.
Oishi, S., & Schimmack, U. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019389 · Cited by 239
“Second, openness to experience (characterized by vivid fantasy, artistic sensitivity, depth of feeling, behavioral flexibility, intellectual curiosity, and unconventional attitudes; McCrae, 1996) might also buffer the experience of residential moves, as behavioral flexibility, one facet of openness to experience, shou…”
BackgroundWhen what one has is enough: Mindfulness, financial desire discrepancy, and subjective well-being
Brown, K. W., Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Linley, P. A., & Orzech, K. M. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.07.002 · Cited by 240
Born to be Happy? The Etiology of Subjective Well-Being
Bartels, M., & Boomsma, D. I. (2009) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-009-9294-8 · Cited by 217
“Andrews and Withey (1976) found, for example, that life satisfaction formed a separate factor form positive affect and this finding was replicated 20 years later (Lucas et al. 1996).”
BackgroundFrederick, D. E., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212208 · Cited by 219
A Demonstration of Set-Points for Subjective Wellbeing
Cummins, R. A., Li, N., Wooden, M., & Stokes, M. A. (2013) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-013-9444-9 · Cited by 226
Bolstering and restoring feelings of competence via the IKEA effect
Daniel Mochon, B., Norton, M. I., & Dan Ariely, C. (2012) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2012.05.001 · Cited by 223
Subjective well-being: genetic and environmental contributions to stability and change
NES, R. B., Røysamb, E., TAMBS, K., HARRIS, J. R., & REICHBORN-KJENNERUD, T. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706007409 · Cited by 214
“…differences in SWB as well as shifts in life satisfaction levels according to societal changes (Inglehart & Klingemann, 2000), and some people do not seem to adapt to permanent changes following certain experiences, such as widowhood (Lucas et al. 2003) and unemployment (Lucas et al. 2004).”
BackgroundInfluential(The Feeling of) Meaning-as-Information
Heintzelman, S. J., & King, L. A. (2014) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868313518487 · Cited by 240
Burger, K., & Samuel, R. (2016) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0608-x · Cited by 210
“…repeated or long-term unemployment, the onset of disability, or the loss of a partner can change life satisfaction in both the short and long term (Lucas et al. 2004; Luhmann et al. 2012), we do not know exactly at which points changes in adults’ levels of stress and self-efficacy bring about…”
BackgroundVolunteering, subjective well-being and public policy
Binder, M., & Freytag, A. (2012) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2012.11.008 · Cited by 233
Gerstorf, D., Ram, N., Estabrook, R., Schupp, J., Wagner, G. G., & Lindenberger, U. (2008) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.4.1148 · Cited by 226
Matthews, R. A., Wayne, J. H., & Ford, M. T. (2014) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036674 · Cited by 224
Sheldon, K. M., Abad, N. S., Ferguson, Y. L., Gunz, A., Houser‐Marko, L., Nichols, C. P., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-009-9153-1 · Cited by 225
“Lucas and colleagues have addressed the happiness change question using large-scale longitudinal data, showing that negative life events such as divorce, disability, or unemployment can have enduring negative effects on peoples’ happiness levels (e.g., Clark et al. 2008; Lucas et al. 2003, 2004; Lucas 2007).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Lucas, R. E., Clark, A. E., Georgellis, Y., & Diener, E.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Département et Laboratoire d'Economie, Théorique et Appliquée, Paris, France
- Brunel University of London (GB)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lucas, Richard E.
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 8-13
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2022668144
- Semantic Scholar
- 4d01dc1a9709f1b491ea2c3ceeafdcdf3875cef3
- Cited by
- 1,327
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 82 · 2012: 75
- FWCI
- 40.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- bura.brunel.ac.uk
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Repository (Kingston University London) (submittedVersion)
- Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Keywords
- unemployment, life satisfaction, subjective well-being, set-point theory, adaptation, reemployment, life events, happiness, longitudinal study
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Life Change Events, Personal Satisfaction, Quality of Life, Unemployment
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