Cited by 280Metabolism, Diabetes, and CancerAdipose Tissue and MetabolismDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Metabolic flexibility in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: effects of lifestyle

Corpeleijn, E., Saris, W. H. M., Blaak, E. E.·2009·Obesity Reviews

Abstract

Summary: Lipotoxicity in skeletal muscle plays a critical role in the aetiology of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus by interference of lipid metabolites with insulin signalling and action. The dynamics of lipid oxidation and fine tuning with fatty acid uptake and intramyocellular triacylglycerol turnover may be very important to limit the accumulation of lipid intermediates. The use of metabolic inflexibility, defined as the impaired capacity to increase fat oxidation upon increased fatty acid availability and to switch between fat and glucose as the primary fuel source after a meal, does more justice to the complexity of changes in fuel oxidation during the day. Fatty acid availability, uptake and oxidation all play a role in metabolic flexibility and insulin resistance. During high fatty acid availability, fatty acid transporters may limit cellular and mitochondrial fatty acid uptake and thus limit fat oxidation. After a meal, when the demand for fatty acids as fuel is low, an increased fractional extraction of lipids from plasma may promote intramyocellular lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. Furthermore, defects in fuel switching cluster together with impaired mitochondrial content and/or function. Lifestyle changes in dietary fat intake, physical activity and weight loss may improve metabolic flexibility in skeletal muscle, and thereby contribute to the prevention of type 2 diabetes.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2008.00544.x

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  • Exercise and nutrition affect the supply and demand aspects of metabolism and have been shown to influence intramyocellular lipid levels in aging and obesity.

    “they affect the supply and demand aspects of metabolism, respectively, and have been shown to influence IMCL levels in both aging and obesity [59, 97, 99, 101, 102].”
  • In obese, insulin resistant, and T2DM individuals, the beneficial effects of weight loss on postprandial glycemia and IR are mostly due to decreased blood levels of NEFA and to an improvement in the insulin-mediated suppression of fat oxidation.

    “In the obese, insulin resistant, and T2DM individuals, the beneficial effects of weight loss on postprandial glycemia and IR are mostly due to the decreased blood levels of NEFA [110,111] and to an improvement in the insulin-mediated suppression of fat oxidation [112].”
  • Weight loss alone is effective in improving insulin sensitivity, but it is more likely to improve fasting fat oxidation and mitochondrial function if combined with exercise training.

    “It has been shown that weight loss alone is effective in improving insulin sensitivity, but it is more likely to improve fasting fat oxidation and mitochondrial function if combined with exercise training [111].”
  • Metabolic inflexibility can already be observed in pre-diabetic individuals suffering from insulin resistance.

    “Interestingly, metabolic inflexibility can already be observed in pre-diabetic individuals suffering from insulin resistance (Corpeleijn et al, 2009), limiting the ability to switch from fatty acid breakdown to fat storage after a meal and vice versa (Kelley, 2005).”

    From Mitochondrial response to nutrient availability and its role in metabolic disease (2014) · cites this paper as Corpeleijn et al, 2009

  • Lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues is highly associated with insulin resistance.

    “but lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues is also highly associated with insulin resistance (Canto & Auwerx, 2009; Corpeleijn et al, 2009; Schooneman et al, 2013).”

    From Mitochondrial response to nutrient availability and its role in metabolic disease (2014) · cites this paper as Corpeleijn et al, 2009

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Authors
Corpeleijn, E., Saris, W. H. M., & Blaak, E. E.
Affiliations
Maastricht University (NL)
Corresponding author
Corpeleijn, E.
Venue
Obesity Reviews
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2009-02-23
Volume
10
Issue
2
Pages
178-193
ISSN
  • 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
  • 1467-789X
OpenAlex
W2016142529
Cited by
280
References
112
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 16
FWCI
1.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
metabolic flexibility, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, lipotoxicity, skeletal muscle, fatty acid oxidation, fat oxidation, fatty acid uptake, fatty acid transporters, mitochondrial function, fuel switching, dietary fat intake, physical activity, weight loss, lifestyle intervention
MeSH terms
Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Energy Metabolism, Fatty Acids, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Life Style, Oxidation-Reduction, Weight Loss, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal

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