Endurance training in obese humans improves glucose tolerance and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and alters muscle lipid content

Bruce, Clinton R.; Thrush, A. Brianne; Mertz, Valerie A.; Bezaire, Veronic; Chabowski, Adrian; Heigenhauser, George J. F.; Dyck, David J.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00587.2005

Cited by 328Adipose Tissue and MetabolismMetabolism, Diabetes, and CancerCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Endurance training in obese humans improves glucose tolerance and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and alters muscle lipid content

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Bruce, Clinton R., Thrush, A. Brianne, Mertz, Valerie A., Bezaire, Veronic, Chabowski, Adrian, Heigenhauser, George J. F., Dyck, David J.·2006·American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.00587.2005

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Abstract

Muscle fatty acid (FA) metabolism is impaired in obesity and insulin resistance, reflected by reduced rates of FA oxidation and accumulation of lipids. It has been suggested that interventions that increase FA oxidation may enhance insulin action by reducing these lipid pools. Here, we examined the effect of endurance training on rates of mitochondrial FA oxidation, the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I), and the lipid content in muscle of obese individuals and related these to measures of glucose tolerance. Nine obese subjects completed 8 wk of moderate-intensity endurance training, and muscle biopsies were obtained before and after training. Training significantly improved glucose tolerance, with a reduction in the area under the curve for glucose ( P < 0.05) and insulin ( P = 0.01) during an oral glucose tolerance test. CPT I activity increased 250% ( P = 0.001) with training and became less sensitive to inhibition by malonyl-CoA. This was associated with an increase in mitochondrial FA oxidation (+120%, P < 0.001). Training had no effect on muscle triacylglycerol content; however, there was a trend for training to reduce both the total diacylglcyerol (DAG) content (−15%, P = 0.06) and the saturated DAG-FA species (−27%, P = 0.06). Training reduced both total ceramide content (−42%, P = 0.01) and the saturated ceramide species (−32%, P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the improved capacity for mitochondrial FA uptake and oxidation leads not only to a reduction in muscle lipid content but also a to change in the saturation status of lipids, which may, at least in part, provide a mechanism for the enhanced insulin action observed with endurance training in obese individuals.

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Exercise in obese humans increases muscle mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.
“exercise in obese humans increases muscle mitochondrial FAO and improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity ([16](#B16)).”
From Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in obesity (2013) · cites this paper as [16]

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EFFECT OF ENDURANCE EXERCISE TRAINING ON SKELETAL MUSCLE FAT CONTENT ASSESSED BY CT IN OBESE WOMEN 343
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Authors: Bruce, C. R., Thrush, A. B., Mertz, V. A., Bezaire, V., Chabowski, A., Heigenhauser, G. J. F., & Dyck, D. J.
Affiliations: Garvan Institute of Medical Research (AU)
ORCID: Bruce, Clinton R.
Chabowski, Adrian
Dyck, David J.
Venue: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2006-07
Volume: 291
Issue: 1
Pages: E99-E107
ISSN: 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
1522-1555
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00587.2005
OpenAlex: W2168588760
Cited by: 328
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 32
FWCI: 15.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
figshare.com
Licence: cc-by
Locations: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: University of Guelph
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords: endurance training, obesity, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, malonyl-CoA inhibition, muscle fat content, diacylglycerol, ceramide, triglycerides, fatty acid saturation, insulin resistance
MeSH terms: Adult, Blood Glucose, Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase, Citrate (si)-Synthase, Enoyl-CoA Hydratase, Fatty Acids, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Male, Mitochondria, Muscle, Obesity, Triglycerides, Blotting, Western, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Area Under Curve, Biopsy, Fine-Needle

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Endurance training in obese humans improves glucose tolerance and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and alters muscle lipid content

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