Cited by 733Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Treatment and Access

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What do childhood anxiety disorders predict?

Bittner, Antje, Egger, Helen L., Erkanli, Alaattin, Jane Costello, E., Foley, Debra L., Angold, Adrian·2007·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry

DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01812.x

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Abstract

Background Few longitudinal studies of child and adolescent psychopathology have examined the links between specific childhood anxiety disorders and adolescent psychiatric disorder. In this paper we test the predictive specificity of separation anxiety disorder (SAD), overanxious disorder (OAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and social phobia. Methods Data come from the Great Smoky Mountains Study (GSMS). A representative population sample of children--ages 9, 11, and 13 years at intake--was followed to age 19. Diagnoses of both childhood (before age 13 years) and adolescent psychiatric disorders (age 13 to 19 years) were available from 906 participants. Results Childhood SAD predicted adolescent SAD, whereas OAD was associated with later OAD, panic attacks, depression and conduct disorder (CD). GAD was related only to CD. Social phobia in childhood was associated with adolescent OAD, social phobia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Conclusions Anxiety disorders in childhood are predictors of a range of psychiatric disorders in adolescence. It appears that children meriting a well-defined diagnosis are missed by the current rules for the diagnosis of GAD. Future studies should examine whether OAD deserves reconsideration as a nosological entity.

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Authors: Bittner, A., Egger, H. L., Erkanli, A., Jane Costello, E., Foley, D. L., & Angold, A.
Affiliations: Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
Duke Medical Center (US)
The University of Melbourne (AU)
Corresponding author: Bittner, Antje
ORCID: Egger, Helen L.
Venue: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2007-12
Volume: 48
Issue: 12
Pages: 1174-1183
ISSN: 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
1469-7610
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01812.x
OpenAlex: W2081982614
Cited by: 733
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 44
FWCI: 24.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 11 d)
Locations: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: William T. Grant Foundation
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
National Institutes of Health (5k02mh001167-10)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH01167, MH57761, P30MH057761)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 11301)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: childhood anxiety disorders, adolescent mental disorders, separation anxiety disorder, overanxious disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, conduct disorder, depression, panic attacks, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, longitudinal prediction, Great Smoky Mountains Study
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Anxiety Disorders, Anxiety, Separation, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Mental Disorders, Child, Psychology, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, North Carolina, Phobic Disorders, Prognosis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Panic Disorder, Conduct Disorder

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