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Variation of electroencephalographic activity during non‐rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep with phase of circadian melatonin rhythm in humans
Open accessAbstract
The circadian pacemaker regulates the timing, structure and consolidation of human sleep. The extent to which this pacemaker affects electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during sleep remains unclear. To investigate this, a total of 1.22 million power spectra were computed from EEGs recorded in seven men (total, 146 sleep episodes; 9 h 20 min each) who participated in a one‐month‐long protocol in which the sleep–wake cycle was desynchronized from the rhythm of plasma melatonin, which is driven by the circadian pacemaker. In rapid eye movement (REM) sleep a small circadian variation in EEG activity was observed. The nadir of the circadian rhythm of α‐activity (8.25–10.5 Hz) coincided with the end of the interval during which plasma melatonin values were high, i.e. close to the crest of the REM sleep rhythm. In non‐REM sleep, variation in EEG activity between 0.25 and 11.5Hz was primarily dependent on prior sleep time and only slightly affected by circadian phase, such that the lowest values coincided with the phase of melatonin secretion. In the frequency range of sleep spindles, high‐amplitude circadian rhythms with opposite phase positions relative to the melatonin rhythm were observed. Low‐frequency sleep spindle activity (12.25–13.0 Hz) reached its crest and high‐frequency sleep spindle activity (14.25–15.5Hz) reached its nadir when sleep coincided with the phase of melatonin secretion. These data indicate that the circadian pacemaker induces changes in EEG activity during REM and non‐REM sleep. The changes in non‐REM sleep EEG spectra are dissimilar from the spectral changes induced by sleep deprivation and exhibit a close temporal association with the melatonin rhythm and the endogenous circadian phase of sleep consolidation.
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Self-citationDijk, D. (1999) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.1999.00159.x · Cited by 59
Self-citationUse of Transdermal Melatonin Delivery to Improve Sleep Maintenance During Daytime
Aeschbach, D., Lockyer, B. J., Dijk, D., Lockley, S. W., Nuwayser, E. S., Nichols, L. D., & Czeisler, C. A. (2009) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.2009.109 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Dijk, D., Shanahan, T. L., Duffy, J. F., Ronda, J. M., & Czeisler, C. A.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1997-12
- Volume
- 505
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 851-858
- ISSN
- 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7793
- PMC
- PMC1160058
- OpenAlex
- W2132968822
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG006072, 1-P01-AG-09975, P01AG009975, R01-AG06072-09)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR 02635, M01RR002635)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- circadian rhythm, melatonin, REM sleep, NREM sleep, EEG power spectra, sleep spindles, alpha activity, circadian pacemaker, sleep-wake cycle, sleep consolidation, sleep deprivation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Electroencephalography, Humans, Male, Melatonin, Sleep Stages, Sleep, REM
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