The influence of light on thermal responses
Open accessAbstract
Light is essential for vision and plays an important role in non‐visual responses, thus affecting alertness, mood and circadian rhythms. Furthermore, light influences physiological processes, such as thermoregulation, and therefore may be expected to play a role in thermal comfort (TC) as well. A systematic literature search was performed for human studies exploring the relation between ocular light exposure, thermophysiology and TC. Experimental results show that light in the evening can reduce melatonin secretion, delay the natural decline in core body temperature (CBT) and slow down the increase in distal skin temperature. In the morning though, bright light can result in a faster decline in melatonin levels, thus enabling a faster increase in CBT. Moreover, the colour of light can affect temperature perception of the environment. Light with colour tones towards the red end of the visual spectrum leads to a warmer perception compared to more bluish light tones. It should be noted, however, that many results of light on thermal responses are inconclusive, and a theoretical framework is largely lacking. In conclusion, light is capable of evoking thermophysiological responses and visual input can alter perception of the thermal environment. Therefore, lighting conditions should be taken into consideration during thermophysiological research and in the design of indoor climates.
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Webb and te Kulve independently reviewed effects of light exposure on thermophysiology, thermal comfort, and health, and considered daily variations of thermophysiology and health, but did not review diurnal modifications of thermal perception.
“Specifically, Webb [22] and te Kulve [23] independently reviewed the effects of light exposure on thermophysiology, thermal comfort, and health, and given that photic input is the primary synchronizer of the circadian clock, also considered daily variations of thermophysiology and health. However, diurnal modifications of thermal perception were not reviewed.”
From Human thermal perception and time of day: A review (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
For experiments taking place in the evening, the bright illuminance (1450 lux) may have delayed circadian rhythms, reduced changes in core body and distal skin temperatures, and consequently changed subjects' thermal perception.
“For experiments taking place in the evening, this bright illuminance may have delayed the circadian rhythms, reduced the changes in core body and distal skin temperatures [23,67], and consequently, also changed the subjects’ thermal perception.”
From Human thermal perception and time of day: A review (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
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Self-citationDaytime melatonin and light independently affect human alertness and body temperature
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- Authors
- te Kulve, M., Schellen, L., Schlangen, L. J. M., & van Marken Lichtenbelt, W. D.
- Affiliations
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
- Avans University of Applied Sciences (NL)
- Philips (Netherlands) (NL)
- Venue
- Acta Physiologica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-08-06
- Volume
- 216
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 163-185
- ISSN
- 1748-1708 (ISSN-L)
- 1748-1716
- OpenAlex
- W2155020439
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Acta Physiologica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- STW-Philips Electronics Nederland B.V. Partnership Program ‘Advanced Sustainable Lighting Solutions’ (12733)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Keywords
- light exposure, thermal comfort, thermoregulation, core body temperature, skin temperature, melatonin, circadian rhythm, color temperature, thermal sensation, non-visual effects of light
- MeSH terms
- Body Temperature Regulation, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Light, Lighting
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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