Brain glycogen re-awakened

Brown, Angus M.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02421.x

Cited by 308Glycogen Storage Diseases and MyoclonusNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchMetabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer

Brain glycogen re-awakened

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Brown, Angus M.·2004·Journal of Neurochemistry

DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02421.x

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Abstract

The mammalian brain contains glycogen, which is located predominantly in astrocytes, but its function is unclear. A principal role for brain glycogen as an energy reserve, analogous to its role in the periphery, had been universally dismissed based on its relatively low concentration, an assumption apparently reinforced by the limited duration that the brain can function in the absence of glucose. However, during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, where brain glucose availability is limited, glycogen content falls first in areas with the highest metabolic rate, suggesting that glycogen provides fuel to support brain function during pathological hypoglycaemia. General anaesthesia results in elevated brain glycogen suggesting quiescent neurones allow glycogen accumulation, and as long ago as the 1950s it was shown that brain glycogen accumulates during sleep, is mobilized upon waking, and that sleep deprivation results in region-specific decreases in brain glycogen, implying a supportive functional role for brain glycogen in the conscious, awake brain. Interest in brain glycogen has recently been re-awakened by the first continuous in vivo measurements using NMR spectroscopy, by the general acceptance of metabolic coupling between glia and neurones involving intercellular transfer of energy substrate, and by studies supporting a prominent physiological role for brain glycogen as a provider of supplemental energy substrate during periods of increased tissue energy demand, when ambient normoglycaemic glucose is unable to meet immediate energy requirements.

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Glycogen decreases by as much as 40% in rats deprived of sleep for 24 hours by novelty and gentle handling, an effect reversed by recovery sleep.
“Glycogen, found predominantly in white matter, is also profoundly affected by sleep deprivation and is reported to decrease by as much as 40% in rats deprived of sleep for 24 hours by novelty and gentle handling, an effect reversed by recovery sleep.63,64”
From Sleep Deprivation and Circadian Disruption (2015) · cites this paper as [64]
Glycogen in white matter decreases by as much as 40% in rats deprived of sleep for 24 hours by novelty and gentle handling, and is reversed by recovery sleep.
“Another noteworthy effect of sleep deprivation is regulation of the level of glycogen, found predominantly in white matter, which is reported to decrease by as much as 40% in rats deprived of sleep for 24 hours by novelty and gentle handling, and reversed by recovery sleep.26,27”
From Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain (2006) · cites this paper as [27]

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Frier B. M. and Fisher B. M. (1999) Hypoglycaemia in Clinical Dia- betes. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, New York.
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Authors: Brown, A. M.
Affiliations: University of Nottingham (GB)
Corresponding author: Brown, Angus M.
ORCID: Brown, Angus M.
Venue: Journal of Neurochemistry
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2004-03-30
Volume: 89
Issue: 3
Pages: 537-552
ISSN: 0022-3042 (ISSN-L)
1471-4159
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02421.x
OpenAlex: W2161689402
Cited by: 308
References: 135
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 2.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Neurochemistry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Washington
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS015589, NS15589)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Glycogen Storage Diseases and Myoclonus
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Keywords: brain glycogen, astrocytes, brain energy metabolism, hypoglycemia, general anesthesia, sleep, sleep deprivation, glucose availability
MeSH terms: Animals, Astrocytes, Brain, Energy Metabolism, Glucose, Glycogen, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Sleep, Wakefulness

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