Endocannabinoid signalling: has it got rhythm?
Open accessAbstract
Endogenous cannabinoid signalling is widespread throughout the body, and considerable evidence supports its modulatory role in many fundamental physiological processes. The daily and seasonal cycles of the relationship of the earth and sun profoundly affect the terrestrial environment. Terrestrial species have adapted to these cycles in many ways, most well studied are circadian rhythms and hibernation. The purpose of this review was to examine literature support for three hypotheses: (i) endocannabinoid signalling exhibits brain region-specific circadian rhythms; (ii) endocannabinoid signalling modulates the rhythm of circadian processes in mammals; and (iii) changes in endocannabinoid signalling contribute to the state of hibernation. The results of two novel studies are presented. First, we report the results of a study of healthy humans demonstrating that plasma concentrations of the endocannabinoid, N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide), exhibit a circadian rhythm. Concentrations of anandamide are threefold higher at wakening than immediately before sleep, a relationship that is dysregulated by sleep deprivation. Second, we investigated differences in endocannabinoids and congeners in plasma from Marmota monax obtained in the summer and during the torpor state of hibernation. We report that 2-arachidonoylglycerol is below detection in M. monax plasma and that concentrations of anandamide are not different. However, plasma concentrations of the anorexigenic lipid oleoylethanolamide were significantly lower in hibernation, while the concentrations of palmitoylethanolamide and 2-oleoylglycerol were significantly greater in hibernation. We conclude that available data support a bidirectional relationship between endocannabinoid signalling and circadian processes, and investigation of the contribution of endocannabinoid signalling to the dramatic physiological changes that occur during hibernation is warranted.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Only two studies have linked systemic release of plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids to acute sleep loss in humans.
“However, to date, only two studies have been able to link systemic release of plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids to acute sleep loss in humans (Hanlon et al., 2016;Vaughn et al., 2010), and have not tested how further physiological stress impacts this signaling system.”
From Sleep restriction alters plasma endocannabinoids concentrations before but not after exercise in humans (2016) · cites this paper as Vaughn et al., 2010
One night of total sleep deprivation disrupted the normal pattern of circulating AEA, indicating significant dysregulation of circulating AEA.
“this pattern was disrupted following one night of total sleep deprivation (e.g.concentrations of plasma AEA did not decline over the day), indicating that the absence of sleep produces a significant dysregulation of circulating AEA (Vaughn et al., 2010).”
From Sleep restriction alters plasma endocannabinoids concentrations before but not after exercise in humans (2016) · cites this paper as Vaughn et al., 2010
In a study of five healthy humans under a normal sleep-wake cycle, circulating AEA concentrations increased from nighttime to morning and then declined closer to nighttime.
“in a study involving five healthy humans, circulating AEA concentrations increased from nighttime to morning and then declined again closer to nighttime when participants were kept under a normal sleep-wake cycle.”
From Sleep restriction alters plasma endocannabinoids concentrations before but not after exercise in humans (2016) · cites this paper as Vaughn et al., 2010
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Isolation and Structure of a Brain Constituent That Binds to the Cannabinoid Receptor
Devane, W. A., Hanuš, L., Breuer, A., Pertwee, R. G., Stevenson, L. A., Griffin, G., Gibson, D., Mandelbaum, A., Etinger, A., & Mechoulam, R. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1470919 · Cited by 5,633 · see citing works
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids
Munro, S., Thomas, K. L., & Abu-Shaar, M. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365061a0 · Cited by 5,092 · see citing works
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA
Matsuda, L. A., Lolait, S. J., Brownstein, M. J., Young, A. C., & Bonner, T. I. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/346561a0 · Cited by 5,011 · see citing works
Regier, D. A. (1990) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03450190043026 · Cited by 3,962 · see citing works
Mechoulam, R., Ben-Shabat, S., Hanus, L., Ligumsky, M., Kaminski, N. E., Schatz, A. R., Gopher, A., Almog, S., Martin, B. R., Compton, D. R., et al. (1995) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(95)00109-d · Cited by 2,913 · see citing works
Adiponectin and Adiponectin Receptors
Kadowaki, T., & Yamauchi, T. (2005) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2005-0005 · Cited by 2,634 · see citing works
2-Arachidonoylgylcerol: A Possible Endogenous Cannabinoid Receptor Ligand in Brain
Sugiura, T., Kondo, S., Sukagawa, A., Nakane, S., Shinoda, A., Itoh, K., Yamashita, A., & Waku, K. (1995) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.2437 · Cited by 2,196 · see citing works
Loss of a circadian adrenal corticosterone rhythm following suprachiasmatic lesions in the rat
Moore, R. Y., & Eichler, V. B. (1972) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(72)90054-6 · Cited by 2,135 · see citing works
Molecular characterization of an enzyme that degrades neuromodulatory fatty-acid amides
Cravatt, B. F., Giang, D. K., Mayfield, S. P., Boger, D. L., Lerner, R. A., & Gilula, N. B. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/384083a0 · Cited by 2,125 · see citing works
Regier, D. A., Farmer, M. E., Rae, D. S., et al. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 1,913 · see citing works
The genetics of mammalian circadian order and disorder: implications for physiology and disease
Takahashi, J. S., Hong, H.-K., Ko, C. H., & McDearmon, E. L. (2008) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2430 · Cited by 1,611 · see citing works
Role of Endogenous Cannabinoids in Synaptic Signaling
Freund, T. F., Katona, I., & Piomelli, D. (2003) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00004.2003 · Cited by 1,567 · see citing works
Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake
Di Marzo, V., Goparaju, S. K., Wang, L., Liu, J., Bátkai, S., Járai, Z., Fezza, F., Miura, G. I., Palmiter, R. D., Sugiura, T., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35071088 · Cited by 1,559 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Profile of Brain Enzymes that Hydrolyze the Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol
Blankman, J. L., Simon, G. M., & Cravatt, B. F. (2007) · Chemistry & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.11.006 · Cited by 1,177 · see citing works
Mammalian Hibernation: Cellular and Molecular Responses to Depressed Metabolism and Low Temperature
Carey, H. V., Andrews, M. T., & Martin, S. L. (2003) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00008.2003 · Cited by 1,145 · see citing works
Metabolic Rate and Body Temperature Reduction During Hibernation and Daily Torpor
Geiser, F. (2004) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.115105 · Cited by 1,135 · see citing works
Osei‐Hyiaman, D., DePetrillo, M. A., Pacher, P., Liu, J., Radaeva, S., Bátkai, S., Harvey-White, J. D., Mackie, K., Offertáler, L., Wang, L., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci23057 · Cited by 1,103 · see citing works
How can drug addiction help us understand obesity?
Volkow, N. D., & Wise, R. A. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1452 · Cited by 1,089 · see citing works
Bisogno, T., Howell, F., Williams, G., Minassi, A., Cascio, M. G., Ligresti, A., Matias, I., Schiano-Moriello, A., Paul, P., Williams, E.-J., et al. (2003) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200305129 · Cited by 1,039 · see citing works
Mania-like behavior induced by disruption of <i>CLOCK</i>
Roybal, K., Theobold, D., Graham, A., DiNieri, J. A., Russo, S. J., Krishnan, V., Chakravarty, S., Peevey, J., Oehrlein, N., Birnbaum, S., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0609625104 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Di, S., Malcher‐Lopes, R., Halmos, K. C., & Tasker, J. G. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-12-04850.2003 · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Kirkham, T. C., Williams, C. M., Fezza, F., & Marzo, V. D. (2002) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704767 · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Gobbi, G., Bambico, F. R., Mangieri, R. A., Bortolato, M., Campolongo, P., Solinas, M., Cassano, T., Morgese, M. G., Debonnel, G., Duranti, A., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0509591102 · Cited by 676 · see citing works
A neural circuit for circadian regulation of arousal
Aston-Jones, G., Chen, S., Zhu, Y., & Oshinsky, M. L. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/89522 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Cannabinoids mediate analgesia largely via peripheral type 1 cannabinoid receptors in nociceptors
Agarwal, N., Pacher, P., Tegeder, I., Amaya, F., Constantin, C. E., Brenner, G. J., Rubino, T., Michalski, C. W., Marsicano, G., Monory, K., et al. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1916 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: A 25-Year Retrospective
Weaver, D. R. (1998) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873098128999952 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Patel, S., Roelke, C. T., Rademacher, D. J., Cullinan, W. E., & Hillard, C. J. (2004) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2004-0638 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Self-citationGao, Y., Vasilyev, D. V., Goncalves, M. B., Howell, F. V., Hobbs, C., Reisenberg, M., Shen, R., Zhang, M.-Y., Strassle, B. W., Lu, P., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5693-09.2010 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Adipokines in liver diseases #
Marra, F., & Bertolani, C. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23046 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Kola, B., Hubina, E., Tucci, S. A., Kirkham, T. C., García, E., Mitchell, S. E., Williams, L. M., Hawley, S. A., Hardie, D. G., Grossman, A. B., et al. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c500175200 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Anandamide administration into the ventromedial hypothalamus stimulates appetite in rats
Jamshidi, N., & Taylor, D. A. (2001) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704379 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Osei‐Hyiaman, D., Liu, J., Zhou, L., Godlewski, G., Harvey-White, J. D., Jeong, W., Bátkai, S., Marsicano, G., Lutz, B., Buettner, C., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci34827 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Behavioral, biochemical, and molecular modeling evaluations of cannabinoid analogs
Martin, B. R., Compton, D. M., Thomas, B. F., Prescott, W. R., Little, P., Razdan, R. K., Johnson, M. R., Melvin, L. S., Mechoulam, R., & Ward Susan, J. (1991) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(91)90349-7 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Human Responses to the Geophysical Daily, Annual and Lunar Cycles
Foster, R. G., & Roenneberg, T. (2008) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.07.003 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Hillard, C. J., Manna, S., Greenberg, M. J., DiCamelli, R. F., Ross, R. A., Stevenson, L., Murphy, V. L., Pertwee, R. G., & Campbell, W. B. (1999) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(24)38289-8 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Self-citationKozak, K. R., Crews, B. C., Morrow, J. D., Wang, L.-H., Ma, Y. H., Weinander, R., Jakobsson, P.-J., & Marnett, L. J. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m206788200 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Harrington, M. E. (1997) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(96)00019-x · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Hill, M. N., Patel, S., Carrier, E. J., Rademacher, D. J., Ormerod, B. K., Hillard, C. J., & Gorzalka, B. B. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300601 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Self-citationJbilo, O., Ravinet‐Trillou, C., Arnone, M., Buisson, I., Bribes, E., Péleraux, A., Pénarier, G., Soubrié, P., Fur, G. L., Galiègue, S., et al. (2005) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.04-3177fje · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Carlisle, S. J., Marciano‐Cabral, F., Staab, A., LUDWICK, C., & Cabral, G. A. (2002) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00147-3 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Minireview: Entrainment of the Suprachiasmatic Clockwork in Diurnal and Nocturnal Mammals
Challet, É. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2007-0804 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Localization of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the rat brain. An immunohistochemical study☆
Moldrich, G., & Wenger, T. (2000) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(00)00324-7 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Cannabinoids, opioids and eating behavior: The molecular face of hedonism?
Cota, D., Tschöp, M. H., Horvath, T. L., & Levine, A. S. (2006) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.10.004 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Tsuboi, K., Sun, Y.-X., Okamoto, Y., Araki, N., Tonai, T., & Ueda, N. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m413473200 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Hill, M. N., Miller, G. E., Carrier, E. J., Gorzalka, B. B., & Hillard, C. J. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.03.013 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Yoshida, T., Fukaya, M., Uchigashima, M., Miura, E., Kamiya, H., Kano, M., & Watanabe, M. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0054-06.2006 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
The biochemistry of an inefficient tissue: brown adipose tissue.
Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Buck, C. L., & Barnes, B. M. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.1.r255 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
ANNUAL LIPID CYCLES IN HIBERNATORS: Integration of Physiology and Behavior
John, D. (2005) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092514 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Neuropeptide Y applied in vitro can block the phase shifts induced by light in vivo
Yannielli, P. C., & Harrington, M. E. (2000) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200005150-00043 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Serum Endocannabinoid Content is Altered in Females with Depressive Disorders: A Preliminary Report
Hill, M., Miller, G., Ho, W.-S., Gorzalka, B., & Hillard, C. (2008) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/s-2007-993211 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Self-citationCaillé, S., Alvarez-Jaimes, L., Polis, I., Stouffer, D. G., & Parsons, L. H. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4403-06.2007 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Bı́ró, T., Tóth, B. I., Haskó, G., Paus, R., & Pacher, P. (2009) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2009.05.004 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Entrainment of the Human Circadian Clock
Roenneberg, T., & Merrow, M. (2007) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.2007.72.043 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Roche, T. E., & Hiromasa, Y. (2007) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-007-6380-z · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Circuitry for associative plasticity in the amygdala involves endocannabinoid signaling
Azad, S. C., Monory, K., Marsicano, G., Cravatt, B. F., Lutz, B., Zieglgänsberger, W., & Rammes, G. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2134-04.2004 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Eggan, S. M., & Lewis, D. A. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj136 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Lupica, C. R., & Riegel, A. C. (2005) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.03.016 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Cannabinoid receptors regulate Ca2+ signals and insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cell
Juan-Picó, P., Fuentes, E., Bermúdez-Silva, F., Díaz-Molina, F. J., Ripoll, C., de Fonseca, F. D., & Nadal, A. (2006) · Cell Calcium · doi:10.1016/j.ceca.2005.10.005 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
The endocannabinoid system in brain reward processes
Solinas, M., Goldberg, S. R., & Piomelli, D. (2008) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.130 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the hamster geniculo-suprachiasmatic tract
Harrington, M. E., Nance, D. M., & Rusak, B. (1985) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(85)90037-1 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Simon, G. M., & Cravatt, B. F. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m707807200 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Ellis, J., Pediani, J. D., Canals, M., Milasta, S., & Milligan, G. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m602494200 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Leptin resistance: a prediposing factor for diet-induced obesity
Scarpace, P. J., & Zhang, Y. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90669.2008 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Hibernation and Circannual Rhythms of Food Consumption in Marmots and Ground Squirrels
Davis, D. E. (1976) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/409594 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Cota, D., Steiner, M.-A., Marsicano, G., Cervino, C., Herman, J. P., Grübler, Y., Stalla, J., Pasquali, R., Lutz, B., Stalla, G. K., et al. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-1649 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Tucci, S. A., Rogers, E. K., Korbonits, M., & Kirkham, T. C. (2004) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705968 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
The co-occurrence of bipolar and substance use disorders
Strakowski, S. M. (2000) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00025-2 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Cannabinoid effects on anxiety-related behaviours and hypothalamic neurotransmitters
Arévalo, C., de Miguel, R., & Hernández‐Tristán, R. (2001) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00578-0 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Identification of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 in serotonergic cells of raphe nuclei in mice
Häring, M., Marsicano, G., Lutz, B., & Monory, K. (2007) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.02.021 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Heldmaier, G., Steinlechner, S., Ruf, T., Wiesinger, H., & Klingenspor, M. (1989) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873048900400211 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Cannabinoids
Pacher, P., Bátkai, S., & Kunos, G. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-26573-2_20 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Andrews, M. T., Squire, T. L., Bowen, C. M., & Rollins, M. B. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.14.8392 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Santucci, V., Storme, J.-J., Soubrié, P., & Fur, G. L. (1996) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(95)02319-4 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Pan, B., Wang, W., Long, J. Z., Sun, D., Hillard, C. J., Cravatt, B. F., & Liu, Q.-S. (2009) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.109.158162 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Self-citationCoordinate expression of the PDK4 gene: a means of regulating fuel selection in a hibernating mammal
Buck, M. J., Squire, T. L., & Andrews, M. T. (2002) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00076.2001 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Pombal, M. A., & Puelles, L. (1999) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19991122)414:3 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Hohmann, A. G. (2002) · Chemistry and Physics of Lipids · doi:10.1016/s0009-3084(02)00154-8 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
The Endocannabinoid System and the Treatment of Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Hill, M. N., & Gorzalka, B. B. (2009) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152709789824624 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationEckardt, K., Sell, H., Taube, A., Koenen, M., Platzbecker, B., Cramer, A., Horrighs, A., Lehtonen, M., Tennagels, N., & Eckel, J. (2008) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-008-1240-4 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Boswell, T. C., Woods, S. C., & Kenagy, G. J. (1994) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1006/gcen.1994.1189 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Homeostatic versus Circadian Effects of Melatonin on Core Body Temperature in Humans
Cagnacci, A., Kräuchi, K., Wirz-Justice, A., & Volpe, A. (1997) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873049701200604 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Anandamide modulates sleep and memory in rats
Murillo‐Rodríguez, E., Sánchez-Alavez, M., Navarro, L., Martı́nez-González, D., Drucker-Colı́n, R., & Prospero-Garcia, O. E. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00969-x · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Dissociation of leptin secretion and adiposity during prehibernatory fattening in little brown bats
Kronfeld‐Schor, N., Richardson, C., Silvia, B. A., Kunz, T., & Widmaier, E. P. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.4.r1277 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Effects of cannabinoid receptors on skeletal muscle oxidative pathways
Cavuoto, P., McAinch, A. J., Hatzinikolas, G., Cameron‐Smith, D., & Wittert, G. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2006.12.038 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Haj‐Dahmane, S., & Shen, R. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3258-04.2005 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Huhman, K. L., & Albers, H. E. (1994) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/0196-9781(94)90126-0 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Differential diurnal variations of anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol levels in rat brain
Valenti, M., Vigan�, D., Casico, M. G., Rubino, T., Steardo, L., Parolaro, D., & Marzo, V. D. (2004) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-003-3453-5 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Distribution of type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1)‐immunoreactive axons in the mouse hypothalamus
Wittmann, G., Deli, L., Kalló, I., Hrabovszky, E., Watanabe, M., Liposits, Z., & Fekete, C. (2007) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21383 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Kearn, C. S., Greenberg, M. J., DiCamelli, R. F., Kurzawa, K., & Hillard, C. J. (1999) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0722379.x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationShort-term fasting and prolonged semistarvation have opposite effects on 2-AG levels in mouse brain
Hanus, L. O., Avraham, Y., Ben‐Shushan, D., Zolotarev, O., Berry, E. M., & Mechoulam, R. (2003) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(03)03046-4 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Muntoni, A. L., Pillolla, G., Melis, M., Perra, S., Gessa, G. L., & Pistis, M. (2006) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04759.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Edgemond, W. S., Hillard, C. J., Falck, J. R., Kearn, C. S., & Campbell, W. B. (1998) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.54.1.180 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationEndocannabinoids and Liver Disease. I. Endocannabinoids and their receptors in the liver
Mallat, A., & Lotersztajn, S. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00467.2007 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Biochemistry and pharmacology of arachidonylethanolamide, a putative endogenous cannabinoid
Hillard, C. J., & Campbell, W. B. (1997) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)30024-9 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationMurillo‐Rodríguez, E., Désarnaud, F., & Prospero-Garcia, O. E. (2006) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2005.12.028 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
The role of the CB1 receptor in the regulation of sleep
Murillo‐Rodríguez, E. (2008) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.04.008 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Fu, J., Kim, J., Oveisi, F., Astarita, G., & Piomelli, D. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00126.2008 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol and synhexl: Effects on human sleep patterns
Pivik, R. T., Zarcone, V. P., Dement, W. C., & Hollister, L. E. (1972) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt1972133426 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Pratt, P. F., Hillard, C. J., Edgemond, W. S., et al. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1998.274.1.h375 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationCannabinoids augment the release of neuropeptide Y in the rat hypothalamus
Gamber, K. M., Macarthur, H., & Westfall, T. C. (2005) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.04.017 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Mechanisms of glycolytic control during hibernation in the ground squirrel Spermophilus lateralis
Brooks, S. J., & Storey, K. B. (1992) · Journal of Comparative Physiology B · doi:10.1007/bf00257932 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Weber, E. T., Gannon, R. L., & Rea, M. A. (1998) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873098129000057 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Lipid Droplets Are Novel Sites of N-Acylethanolamine Inactivation by Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase-2
Kaczocha, M., Glaser, S. T., Chae, J., Brown, D. A., & Deutsch, D. G. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.058461 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Geiser, F., McAllan, B. M., & Kenagy, G. J. (1994) · Journal of Comparative Physiology B · doi:10.1007/bf00346446 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The effect of a low essential fatty acid diet on hibernation in marmots
Florant, G. L., Hester, L. L., Ameenuddin, S., et al. (1993) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.4.r747 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Orexins and Orexin Receptors: From Molecules to Integrative Physiology
Matsuki, T., & Sakurai, T. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/400_2007_047 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Murillo‐Rodríguez, E., Cabeza, R. D. J., Méndez‐Díaz, M., Navarro, L., & Prospero-Garcia, O. E. (2001) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200107200-00018 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Weber, E. T., & Rea, M. A. (1997) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00559-4 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The effects of marijuana on human sleep patterns.
Barratt, E. S., Beaver, W., & White, R. S. (1974) · PubMed · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Maywood, E. S., Okamura, H., & Hastings, M. H. (2002) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01852.x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Role of endocannabinoids and endovanilloids in Ca2+ signalling
PETROCELLIS, L. D., & Marzo, V. D. (2009) · Cell Calcium · doi:10.1016/j.ceca.2009.03.003 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Cannabinoids and gastrointestinal motility: animal and human studies.
Aviello, G., Romano, B., & Izzo, A. A. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Donahue, S. W., Galley, S. A., Vaughan, M. R., Patterson‐Buckendahl, P., Demers, L. M., Vance, J. L., & McGee‐Lawrence, M. E. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.02185 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Nuclear and mitochondrial signalling Akts in cardiomyocytes
Miyamoto, S., Rubio, M., & Sussman, M. A. (2008) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvp087 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Cai, D., McCarron, R. M., Yu, E. Z., Li, Y., & Hallenbeck, J. M. (2004) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.04.008 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Neuropeptide Y in the mammalian circadian system: effects on light-induced circadian responses
Yannielli, P. C., & Harrington, M. E. (2001) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00356-4 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
DISCOVERIES OF RHYTHMS IN HUMAN BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS: A HISTORICAL REVIEW
Lemmer, B. (2009) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420520903237984 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Non‐photic signalling in the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Hastings, M. H., Duffield, G. E., Ebling, F. J. P., Kidd, A., Maywood, E. S., & Schurov, I. (1997) · Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1016/s0248-4900(98)80005-1 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Cannabinoids and hamster circadian activity rhythms
Sanford, A. E., Castillo, E., & Gannon, R. L. (2008) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.05.048 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Gauthier, K. M., Baewer, D. V., Hittner, S. B., Hillard, C. J., Nithipatikom, K., Reddy, D. S., Falck, J. R., & Campbell, W. B. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00537.2004 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationPerwitz, N., Faßhauer, M., & Klein, J. C. (2006) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2006-925401 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Chapter 1 Enzymatic Formation of Anandamide
Okamoto, Y., Tsuboi, K., & Ueda, N. (2009) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(09)81001-7 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Enhanced photic phase shifting after treatment with antiserum to neuropeptide Y
Biello, S. M. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)01345-i · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The endocannabinoid system: Role in glucose and energy metabolism
Nogueiras, R., Díaz–Arteaga, A., Lockie, S. H., Velasquez, D., Tschöp, J., López, M., Cadwell, C. C., Diéguez, C., & Tschöp, M. H. (2009) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2009.04.004 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Inhibition of small intestinal secretion by cannabinoids is CB1 receptor-mediated in rats
Tyler, K. R., Hillard, C. J., & Meerveld, B. G. (2000) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00843-8 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationSuprachiasmatic Nucleus and Photic Entrainment of Circannual Rhythms in Ground Squirrels
Lee, T. M., & Zucker, I. (1991) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873049100600403 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Endocannabinoids and the gastrointestinal tract.
Massa, F., & Monory, K. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Effects of Cannabinoids on Hypothalamic and Reproductive Function
Maccarrone, M., & Wenger, T. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-26573-2_18 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Endocannabinoids and Their Receptors as Targets for Obesity Therapy
de Kloet, A. D., & Woods, S. C. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0046 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Regulation of Akt during hibernation in Richardson's ground squirrels
Abnous, K., Dieni, C. A., & Storey, K. B. (2007) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.10.009 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
A potential function of endocannabinoids in the selection of a navigation strategy by rats
Rueda‐Orozco, P. E., Gómez, E. S., Montes-Rodríguez, C. J., et al. (2007) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0911-z · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Sleep patterns in a patient with a brain stem infarction involving the raphe nucleus
Freemon, F. R., Salinas-Garcia, R. F., & Ward, J. W. (1974) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(74)90232-6 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Selective retention of essential fatty acids: the role of hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase
Xia, T., Mostafa, N., Bhat, B. G., et al. (1993) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1993.265.2.r414 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Hibernation induces glutathione redox imbalance in ground squirrel intestine
Carey, H. V., Rhoads, C. A., & Aw, T. Y. (2003) · Journal of Comparative Physiology B · doi:10.1007/s00360-003-0330-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Sleep deprivation increases oleoylethanolamide in human cerebrospinal fluid
Koethe, D., Schreiber, D., Giuffrida, A., Mauss, C., Faulhaber, J., Heydenreich, B., Hellmich, M., Graf, R., Klosterkötter, J., Piomelli, D., et al. (2009) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-008-0169-6 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Sleep modulates cannabinoid receptor 1 expression in the pons of rats
Martnez-Vargas, M., Murillo-Rodrguez, E., González‐Rivera, R., Landa, A., Mndez-Daz, M., Prospro-Garca, O., & Navarro, L. (2003) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00820-5 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
A controlled trial using ephedrine in the treatment of obesity.
Pasquali, R., Baraldi, G., Cesari, M. P., Melchionda, N., Zamboni, M. M., Stefanini, C., & Raitano, A. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Boyer, B. B., Ormseth, O. A., Buck, C. L., Nicolson, M. A., Pelleymounter, M. A., & Barnes, B. M. (1997) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Pharmacology Toxicology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0742-8413(97)00172-2 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Murillo‐Rodríguez, E., Millán‐Aldaco, D., Marzo, V. D., et al. (2008) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.08.056 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Neural networks of several novel neuropeptides involved in feeding regulation
Shioda, S., Takenoya, F., Yagi, M., et al. (2008) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2008.06.016 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Endogenous cannabinoids induce fever through the activation of CB 1 receptors
Fraga, D., Zanoni, C., Rae, G. A., et al. (2009) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00312.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Gannon, R. L., & Millan, M. J. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.04.059 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Squire, T. L., Lowe, M. E., Bauer, V. W., & Andrews, M. T. (2003) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00168.2002 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Mostafa, N., Everett, D., Chou, S. C., et al. (1993) · Journal of Comparative Physiology B · doi:10.1007/bf00346930 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Integrative Physiology of Orexins and Orexin Receptors
Mieda, M., & Sakurai, T. (2009) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152709788921663 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Electroencephalographic study of the effects of tetrahydrocannabinols on sleep in the rat
Moreton, J. E., & Davis, W. M. (1973) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(73)90042-7 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol increases brain temperature and inverts circadian rhythms
Perron, R. R., Tyson, R. L., & Sutherland, G. R. (2001) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200112040-00038 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Integration of mammalian circadian clock signals: from molecule to behavior
Okamura, H. (2003) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1770003 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Effects of marijuana smoking on the sleep EEG. Preliminary studies.
Pranikoff, K., Karacan, I., Larson, E. A., et al. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Bachman, G. C. (1994) · Physiological Zoology · doi:10.1086/physzool.67.3.30163769 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ishida, N. (2009) · PPAR Research · doi:10.1155/2009/412949 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Koch, M., Dehghani, F., Habazettl, I., et al. (2006) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03873.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cannabinoid modulation of perivascular sympathetic and sensory neurotransmission.
Ralevic, V., & Kendall, D. (2009) · Current Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/157016109787354114 · Cited by 24 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In addition to very prominent expression within the brain, ECS has been identified in the spinal cord (Hohmann, 2002), sympathetic nervous system (Ralevic and Kendall, 2009), enteric nervous system (Massa and Monory, 2006), liver (Mallat and Lotersztajn, 2008), adipose tissue (Nogueiras et al.”
BackgroundCircadian rhythms of chicken brain temperatures
Aschoff, C., Aschoff, J., & Paul, U. V. S. (1973) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010177 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Benamar, K., Yondorf, M. Z., Geller, E. B., Eisenstein, T. K., & Adler, M. W. (2009) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00285.x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bloom, A. S., & Kiernan, C. J. (1980) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00431259 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Temporal changes in mouse brain fatty acid amide hydrolase activity
Glaser, S. T., & Kaczocha, M. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.06.043 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The rat pineal gland comprises an endocannabinoid system
Koch, M., Habazettl, I., Dehghani, F., et al. (2008) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00597.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Cycles of body fat in hibernators.
Mrosovsky, N., & Faust, I. M. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and the sleep-wakefulness cycle in rabbits
Fujimori, M., & Himwich, H. E. (1973) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(73)90003-6 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The effects of Δ8-THC on the EEG, reticular multiple unit activity and sleep of cats
Wallach, M. B., & Gershon, S. (1973) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(73)90068-x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Pakdeechote, P., Dunn, W. R., & Ralevic, V. (2007) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707397 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Effect of chronic marijuana administration of stages of primate sleep-wakefulness.
Adams, P. M., & Barratt, E. S. (1975) · PubMed · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Regional variation of white adipocyte lipolysis during the annual cycle of the alpine marmot.
Cochet, N., Meister, R., Florant, G., & Barré, H. (1999) · Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part C, Pharmacology, toxicology & endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0742-8413(99)00027-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chronic marijuana usage and sleep-wakefulness cycles in cats.
Barratt, E. S., & Adams, P. M. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 regulation in the hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrel
Woods, A., & Storey, K. B. (2007) · Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters · doi:10.2478/s11658-007-0036-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Chronopharmacology ofΔ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol hypothermia in mice
Abel, E. L. (1973) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01943897 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Endocannabinoids as Modulators of Synaptic Signaling
Patel, S., & Hillard, C. J. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-503-9_10 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Zucker I (2001). Cirannual Rhythms: Mammals. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum: London, pp. 509-524.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Exercise-induced endocannabinoid signaling is modulated by intensity
Raichlen, D. A., Foster, A. D., Seillier, A., Giuffrida, A., & Gerdeman, G. L. (2013) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2495-5 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Lee, S.-H., Ledri, M., Toth, B., Marchionni, I., Henstridge, C. M., Dudok, B., Kenesei, K., Barna, L., Szabo, S. I., Renkecz, T., et al. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4112-14.2015 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Circadian rhythm of circulating levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol
Hanlon, E. C., Tasali, E., Leproult, R., Stuhr, K. L., Doncheck, E., de Wit, H., Hillard, C. J., & Van Cauter, E. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-3455 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationCedernaes, J., Fanelli, F., Fazzini, A., Pagotto, U., Broman, J.-E., Vogel, H., Dickson, S. L., Schiöth, H. B., & Benedict, C. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.09.014 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Newsom, R. J., Osterlund, C., Masini, C. V., Day, H. E., Spencer, R. L., & Campeau, S. (2012) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.043 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Endocannabinoids and Stroke Prevention: Review of Clinical Studies
Scharf, E. L., & Ebbert, J. O. (2020) · Cannabis & Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2018.0066 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Vaughn, L. K., Denning, G., Stuhr, K. L., de Wit, H., Hill, M. N., & Hillard, C. J.
- Affiliations
- Marquette University (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hillard, Cecilia J
- Venue
- British Journal of Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-05-19
- Volume
- 160
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 530-543
- ISSN
- 0007-1188 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5381
- PMC
- PMC2931554
- OpenAlex
- W1533581117
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 170
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical College of Wisconsin
- National Institutes of Health
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA009155, DA09155, R01DA009133, DA09133)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR 000555)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- endocannabinoid signaling, circadian rhythm, hibernation, anandamide, oleoylethanolamide, palmitoylethanolamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, Marmota monax, torpor, sleep deprivation, seasonal adaptation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Circadian Rhythm, Hibernation, Humans, Physiological Phenomena, Signal Transduction, Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators, Endocannabinoids
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review