Cited by 196Alcoholism and Thiamine DeficiencyNeuroendocrine regulation and behaviorSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

Intranasal oxytocin blocks alcohol withdrawal in human subjects

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Pedersen, Cort A., Smedley, Kelly L., Leserman, Jane, Jarskog, Lars Fredrik, Rau, Shane W., Kampov‐Polevoi, Alexei, Casey, Robin L., Fender, Trace +1 more·2013·Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research

Abstract

Background: The neuropeptide, oxytocin (OT), has been reported to block tolerance formation to alcohol and decrease withdrawal symptoms in alcohol‐dependent rodents. Numerous recent studies in human subjects indicate that OT administered by the intranasal route penetrates into and exerts effects within the brain. Methods: In a randomized, double‐blind clinical trial, intranasal OT (24 IU/dose, N = 7) or placebo (N = 4) was given twice daily for 3 days in alcohol‐dependent subjects admitted to a research unit for medical detoxification using Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for A lcohol (CIWA) score‐driven PRN administration of lorazepam. Subjects rated themselves on the Alcohol Withdrawal Symptom Checklist (AWSC) each time CIWA scores were obtained. Subjects also completed the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale, an Alcohol Craving Visual Analog Scale (ACVAS) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) on inpatient days 2 and 3. Results: All subjects had drunk heavily each day for at least 2 weeks prior to study and had previously experienced withdrawal upon stopping/decreasing alcohol consumption. OT was superior to placebo in reducing alcohol withdrawal as evidenced by: less total lorazepam required to complete detoxification (3.4 mg [4.7, SD] vs. 16.5 [4.4], p = 0.0015), lower mean CIWA scores on admission day 1 (4.3 [2.3] vs. 11.8 [0.4], p < 0.0001) and day 2 (3.4 [2.2] vs. 11.1 [3.6], p < 0.002), lower AWSC scores on days 1 and 2 (p < 0.02; p = 0.07), and lower ACVAS ratings (p = 0.01) and lower POMS Tension/Anxiety subscale scores on day 2 (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This is the first demonstration that OT treatment may block alcohol withdrawal in human subjects. Our results are consistent with previous findings in rodents that OT inhibits neuroadaptation to and withdrawal from alcohol. OT could have advantages over benzodiazepines in managing alcohol withdrawal because it may reverse rather than maintain sedative‐hypnotic tolerance. It will be important to test whether OT treatment is effective in reducing drinking in alcohol‐dependent outpatients.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01958.x

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Authors
Pedersen, C. A., Smedley, K. L., Leserman, J., Jarskog, L. F., Rau, S. W., Kampov‐Polevoi, A., Casey, R. L., Fender, T., & Garbutt, J. C.
Affiliations
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author
Pedersen, Cort A.
Venue
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2012-10
Volume
37
Issue
3
Pages
484-489
ISSN
  • 0145-6008 (ISSN-L)
  • 1530-0277
OpenAlex
W2073015613
Cited by
196
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 2
FWCI
6.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (5-P60-AA011605-08-13, P60AA011605)
  • National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025747)
  • Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords
oxytocin, intranasal administration, alcohol withdrawal, alcoholism, alcohol detoxification, alcohol craving, anxiety, mood states, benzodiazepine tolerance, neural adaptation
MeSH terms
Administration, Intranasal, Adult, Alcoholism, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oxytocin, Pilot Projects, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

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