Cited by 514Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactFluoride Effects and Removal

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Estimating Consumer Exposure to PFOS and PFOA

Trudel, David, Horowitz, Lea, Wormuth, Matthias, Scheringer, Martin, Cousins, Ian T., Hungerbühler, Konrad·2008·Risk Analysis

DOI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01017.x

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Abstract

Perfluorinated compounds have been used for more than 50 years as process aids, surfactants, and for surface protection. This study is a comprehensive assessment of consumer exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from a variety of environmental and product-related sources. To identify relevant pathways leading to consumer exposure to PFOS and PFOA a scenario-based approach has been applied. Scenarios represent realistic situations where age- and gender-specific exposure occurs in the everyday life of consumers. We find that North American and European consumers are likely to experience ubiquitous and long-term uptake doses of PFOS and PFOA in the range of 3 to 220 ng per kg body weight per day (ng/kg(bw)/day) and 1 to 130 ng/kg(bw)/day, respectively. The greatest portion of the chronic exposure to PFOS and PFOA is likely to result from the intake of contaminated foods, including drinking water. Consumer products cause a minor portion of the consumer exposure to PFOS and PFOA. Of these, it is mainly impregnation sprays, treated carpets in homes, and coated food contact materials that may lead to consumer exposure to PFOS and PFOA. Children tend to experience higher total uptake doses (on a body weight basis) than teenagers and adults because of higher relative uptake via food consumption and hand-to-mouth transfer of chemical from treated carpets and ingestion of dust. The uptake estimates based on scenarios are within the range of values derived from blood serum data by applying a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model.

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Authors: Trudel, D., Horowitz, L., Wormuth, M., Scheringer, M., Cousins, I. T., & Hungerbühler, K.
Affiliations: ETH Zurich (CH)
Stockholm University (SE)
Corresponding author: Scheringer, Martin
ORCID: Scheringer, Martin
Cousins, Ian T.
Venue: Risk Analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2008-04
Volume: 28
Issue: 2
Pages: 251-269
ISSN: 0272-4332 (ISSN-L)
1539-6924
DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01017.x
OpenAlex: W2038447616
Cited by: 514
References: 79
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 21.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 15 d)
Locations: Risk Analysis (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Bundesamt für Gesundheit
Health Canada
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fluoride Effects and Removal
Keywords: PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorinated compounds, consumer exposure, exposure assessment, food contamination, drinking water contamination, consumer goods, food contact materials, children's exposure, dust ingestion, one-compartment model
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Caprylates, Child, Child, Preschool, Dust, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Infant, Male, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Air Pollution, Indoor, Alkanesulfonic Acids

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Estimating Consumer Exposure to PFOS and PFOA

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