The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Amygdala and hippocampal volumes and cognition in adult survivors of childhood abuse with dissociative disorders
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Trauma‐exposed individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) display reduced amygdala and hippocampal size and impaired cognition. However, studies on trauma‐exposed individuals with dissociative amnesia (DA) or dissociative identity disorder (DID) are lacking. Method: Twenty‐three young women who had experienced severe childhood sexual/physical abuse, diagnosed with DA/DID or PTSD, and 25 healthy control subjects were subjected to 3D structural magnetic resonance imaging of amygdala and hippocampus and a clinical and neuropsychological investigation. Results: Compared with controls, trauma‐exposed subjects with PTSD ( n = 10) displayed significantly reduced amygdala and hippocampal size and significantly impaired cognition. By contrast, trauma‐exposed subjects with DA or DID ( n = 13) displayed normal amygdala and hippocampal size and normal cognition. Conclusion: We report for the first time volumetric results in subjects with DA/DID without PTSD as comorbid diagnosis. Our results indicate preserved amygdala and hippocampal size and preserved cognition in subjects with these disorders.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In DID, reduced volumes in the amygdala and hippocampus [94, 95] and parahippocampus [95] were found, although discrepant findings of normal amygdala and hippocampal volumes compared to healthy controls were also reported [96].”
From Dissociation and Alterations in Brain Function and Structure: Implications for Borderline Personality Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as [96]
Citations
Cites
Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma
Gilbertson, M. W., Shenton, M. E., Ciszewski, A., Kasai, K., Lasko, N. B., Orr, S. P., & Pitman, R. K. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn958 · Cited by 1,635
(1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.7.973 · Cited by 1,610
Hippocampal volume and depression: a meta-analysis of MRI studies
Videbech, P., & Ravnkilde, B. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.1957 · Cited by 1,590
Bremner, J. D., Randall, P., Vermetten, E., Staib, L., Bronen, R. A., Mazure, C., Capelli, S., McCarthy, G., Innis, R. B., & Charney, D. S. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00162-x · Cited by 1,283
Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder.
Herman, J., Perry, J., & van der Kolk, B. A. (1989) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.146.4.490 · Cited by 1,277
Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure in primates
Sapolsky, R., Uno, H., Rebert, C., & Finch, C. (1990) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.10-09-02897.1990 · Cited by 1,103
Gurvits, T. V., Shenton, M. E., Hokama, H., Ohta, H., Lasko, N. B., Gilbertson, M. W., Orr, S. P., Kikinis, R., Jolesz, F. A., McCarley, R. W., et al. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00229-6 · Cited by 899
A meta-analysis of structural brain abnormalities in PTSD
KARL, A., SCHAEFER, M., MALTA, L., DORFEL, D., ROHLEDER, N., & WERNER, A. (2006) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.03.004 · Cited by 881
Bremner, J. D., Vythilingam, M., Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M., Southwick, S. M., McGlashan, T. H., Nazeer, A., Khan, S., Vaccarino, V., Soufer, R., Garg, P. K., et al. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.5.924 · Cited by 755
Cameron, H. A., McEwen, B., & Gould, E. A. (1995) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-06-04687.1995 · Cited by 743
Pruessner, J. C. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.4.433 · Cited by 706
Hautzinger, M., Keller, F., & Kühner, C. (2006) · Cited by 663
Driessen, M., Herrmann, J., Stahl, K., Zwaan, M., Meier, S., Hill, A., Osterheider, M., & Petersen, D. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.12.1115 · Cited by 562
van der Kolk, B. A., Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M. E., Hopper, J. W., Hopper, E. K., Korn, D. L., & Simpson, W. B. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v68n0105 · Cited by 403
Smith, M. E. (2005) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20102 · Cited by 395
Reduced hippocampal volume and total white matter volume in posttraumatic stress disorder
Villarreal, G., Hamilton, D. A., Petropoulos, H., Driscoll, I., Rowland, L. M., Griego, J. A., Kodituwakku, P. W., Hart, B. L., Escalona, R., & Brooks, W. M. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01359-8 · Cited by 382
Dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam combat veterans
(1992) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.149.3.328 · Cited by 381
A review of neuroimaging studies in PTSD: heterogeneity of response to symptom provocation
Lanius, R. A., Bluhm, R., Lanius, U., & Pain, C. (2006) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.07.007 · Cited by 380
Erfassung von psychischen Belastungsfolgen: Die Impact of Event Skala-revidierte Version (IES-R).
Maercker, A. R. A., & Schützwohl, M. (1998) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · Cited by 356
Frontolimbic brain abnormalities in patients with borderline personality disorder
van Elst, L. T., Heßlinger, B., Thiel, T., Geiger, E. V., Haegele, K., Lemieux, L., Lieb, K., Bohus, M., Hennig, J., & Ebert, D. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01743-2 · Cited by 348
Schmahl, C. G., Vermetten, E., Elzinga, B. M., & Douglas Bremner, J. (2003) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(03)00023-4 · Cited by 319
Hippocampal and Amygdalar Volumes in Dissociative Identity Disorder
Vermetten, E., Schmahl, C., Lindner, S., Loewenstein, R. J., & Bremner, J. D. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.630 · Cited by 296
Prevalence of Dissociative Disorders in Psychiatric Outpatients
Foote, B., Smolin, Y., Kaplan, M., Legatt, M. E., & Lipschitz, D. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.4.623 · Cited by 277
Memories of Childhood Abuse: Dissociation, Amnesia, and Corroboration
Chu, J. A., Frey, L. M., Ganzel, B. L., & Matthews, J. A. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.5.749 · Cited by 275
Left Hippocampal Volume as a Vulnerability Indicator for Schizophrenia
Seidman, L. J., Faraone, S. V., Goldstein, J. M., Kremen, W. S., Horton, N. J., Makris, N., Toomey, R., Kennedy, D. N., Caviness, V. S., & Tsuang, M. T. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.9.839 · Cited by 263
Role of stress, corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and amygdala plasticity in chronic anxiety
Shekhar, A., Truitt, W., Rainnie, D., & Sajdyk, T. (2005) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890500504557 · Cited by 237
Smaller hippocampal volume in patients with recent-onset posttraumatic stress disorder
Wignall, E. L., Dickson, J. M., Vaughan, P., Farrow, T. F. D., Wilkinson, I. D., Hunter, M. D., & Woodruff, P. W. R. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.015 · Cited by 214
Neuroimaging in borderline personality disorder
Schmahl, C. G., & Bremner, J. D. (2005) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.08.011 · Cited by 203
Multiple personality disorder in The Netherlands: a clinical investigation of 71 patients
Boon, S., & Draijer, N. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.3.489 · Cited by 198
Smaller hippocampal volume in Dutch police officers with posttraumatic stress disorder
Lindauer, R., Vlieger, E.-J., Jalink, M., Olff, M., Carlier, I. V. E., Majoie, C. B. L. M., den Heeten, G. J., & Gersons, B. P. R. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.05.021 · Cited by 188
Taylor, W. D., Steffens, D. C., Payne, M. E., MacFall, J. R., Marchuk, D. A., Svenson, I. K., & Krishnan, K. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.5.537 · Cited by 184
Reduced size and abnormal asymmetry of parietal cortex in women with borderline personality disorder
Irle, E., Lange, C., & Sachsse, U. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.004 · Cited by 182
Self-citationLewis, D. O., Yeager, C. A., Swica, Y., Pincus, J. H., & Lewis, M. (1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.12.1703 · Cited by 179
A voxel-based morphometric MRI study in female patients with borderline personality disorder
Rüsch, N., van Elst, L. T., Ludäscher, P., Wilke, M., Huppertz, H., Thiel, T., Schmahl, C. G., Bohus, M., Lieb, K., Heßlinger, B., et al. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00297-0 · Cited by 178
Anatomical MRI study of borderline personality disorder patients
Brambilla, P., Soloff, P. H., Sala, M., Nicoletti, M., Keshavan, M. S., & Soares, J. C. (2004) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2004.04.003 · Cited by 177
Hippocampal Volume in Adult Burn Patients With and Without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Winter, H., & Irle, E. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2194 · Cited by 172
Self-citationBremner, J. D., Steinberg, M., Southwick, S. M., Johnson, D. R., & Charney, D. S. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.7.1011 · Cited by 146
Glutamate and post-traumatic stress disorder: toward a psychobiology of dissociation.
Chambers, R. A., Bremner, J. D., Moghaddam, B., Southwick, S. M., Charney, D. S., & Krystal, J. H. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 140
Abnormal size of the amygdala predicts impaired emotional memory in major depressive disorder
WENIGER, G., LANGE, C., & IRLE, E. (2006) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.04.017 · Cited by 135
Self-citationELZINGA, B. M., ARDON, A. M., HEIJNIS, M. K., De RUITER, M. B., VAN DYCK, R., & VELTMAN, D. J. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706008932 · Cited by 92
Hippocampal diminution in PTSD: (more or less?) than meets the eye
Pitman, R. K. (2001) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.1022 · Cited by 66
Veltman, D. J., de Ruiter, M. B., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Lazeron, R. H. C., Barkhof, F., van Dyck, R., Dolan, R. J., & Phaf, R. H. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291704002971 · Cited by 65
Attention as a characteristic of nonclinical dissociation: an event-related potential study
de Ruiter, M. B., Phaf, R. H., Veltman, D. J., Kok, A., & van Dyck, R. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00099-5 · Cited by 49
Roca, V., Hart, J., Kimbrell, T., & Freeman, T. (2006) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/jnp.2006.18.2.226 · Cited by 43
Negative words enhance recognition in nonclinical high dissociators: An fMRI study
de Ruiter, M. B., Veltman, D. J., Phaf, R. H., & van Dyck, R. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.064 · Cited by 22
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Wittchen HU, 1997, Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview für DSM‐IV
- Gast U, 2000, Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview für DSM‐IV
- Derogatis LR, 1977, SCL‐90‐R, Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual‐I for the R(evised) Version
- Feuerlein W, 1979, Münchner Alkoholismus‐Test (MALT)
- Tewes U, 1991, Hamburg‐Wechsler‐Intelligenztest für Erwachsene
- Wechsler D, 1987, Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised (WMS‐R)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries
Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61706-7 · Cited by 3,876
Evaluation of the evidence for the trauma and fantasy models of dissociation.
Dalenberg, C. J., Brand, B. L., Gleaves, D. H., Dorahy, M. J., Loewenstein, R. J., Cardeña, E., Frewen, P. A., Carlson, E. B., & Spiegel, D. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0027447 · Cited by 667
Neuroimaging of child abuse: a critical review
Hart, H., & Rubia, K. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00052 · Cited by 660
Frodl, T., & O'Keane, V. (2013) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2012.03.012 · Cited by 555
O'Doherty, D. C. M., Chitty, K. M., Saddiqui, S., Bennett, M. R., & Lagopoulos, J. (2015) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.01.002 · Cited by 375
Metadata
- Authors
- Weniger, G., Lange, C., Sachsse, U., & Irle, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Irle, E.
- Venue
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-09-10
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 281-290
- ISSN
- 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0447
- OpenAlex
- W2046297778
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 5.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- amygdala volume, hippocampal volume, dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder, child sexual abuse, child physical abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociative disorders, cognitive impairment, brain structure, trauma exposure
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amygdala, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Dissociative Disorders, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuropsychological Tests, Organ Size, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review