The oral microbiome and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Open accessAbstract
Abstract: Significant evidence supports an association between periodontal pathogenic bacteria and preterm birth and preeclampsia. The virulence properties assigned to specific oral pathogenic bacteria, for example, Fusobacterium nucleatum , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Filifactor alocis , Campylobacter rectus , and others, render them as potential collaborators in adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Several pathways have been suggested for this association: 1) hematogenous spread (bacteremia) of periodontal pathogens; 2) hematogenous spread of multiple mediators of inflammation that are generated by the host and/or fetal immune response to pathogenic bacteria; and 3) the possibility of oral microbial pathogen transmission, with subsequent colonization, in the vaginal microbiome resulting from sexual practices. As periodontal disease is, for the most part, preventable, the medical and dental public health communities can address intervention strategies to control oral inflammatory disease, lessen the systemic inflammatory burden, and ultimately reduce the potential for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This article reviews the oral, vaginal, and placental microbiomes, considers their potential impact on preterm labor, and the future research needed to confirm or refute this relationship. Keywords: periodontal disease, preterm labor, oral microbiome, vaginal microbiome, bacteria, pregnancy, infant, premature birth, low birth weight
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Pathogenic bacteria from the oral cavity found at various sites within the uterus are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm delivery and preeclampsia.
“Pathogenic bacteria from the oral cavity found at various sites within the uterus are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm delivery and preeclampsia.113, 114, 115”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [113]
Studies investigating the placental microbiome to understand its role in preterm pregnancies have identified bacteria associated with periodontal disease, suggesting a relationship between the oral and placental microbiomes.
“Studies investigating the placental microbiome to understand its role in preterm pregnancies have identified bacteria associated with periodontal disease, suggesting a relationship between the oral and placental microbiomes.113, 114, 115, 116”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [113]
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- Authors
- Cobb, C., Kelly, P., Williams, K., Babbar, S., Angolkar, M., & Derman, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Missouri–Kansas City (US)
- Saint Louis University (US)
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (IN)
- Thomas Jefferson University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kelly, Patricia
- Venue
- International Journal of Women's Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-08
- Volume
- Volume 9
- Pages
- 551-559
- ISSN
- 1179-1411 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5557618
- OpenAlex
- W2742755441
- Cited by
- 164
- References
- 162
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Women s Health (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Medicine Forum (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Keywords
- oral microbiota, periodontal disease, preterm birth, preeclampsia, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vaginal microbiota, placental microbiome, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Filifactor alocis, Campylobacter rectus, bacteremia, systemic inflammation, low birth weight
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