Motivational incentives and methylphenidate enhance electrophysiological correlates of error monitoring in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterised by developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and/or inattention and are particularly impaired when performing tasks that require a high level of cognitive control. Methylphenidate (MPH) and motivational incentives may help improve cognitive control by enhancing the ability to monitor response accuracy and regulate performance accordingly. METHODS: Twenty-eight children with DSM-IV ADHD (combined type) aged 9-15 years and pairwise-matched typically developing children (CTRL) performed a go/no-go task in which the incentives attached to performance on no-go trials were manipulated. The ADHD group performed the task off and on their usual dose of MPH. CTRL children performed the task twice but were never medicated. EEG data were recorded simultaneously and two electrophysiological indices of error monitoring, the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) were measured. Amplitudes of each ERP were compared between diagnostic groups (CTRL, ADHD), medication days (Off MPH, On MPH) and motivational conditions (baseline - low incentive, reward, response cost). RESULTS: Error rates were lower in the reward and response cost conditions compared with baseline across diagnostic groups and medication days. ERN and Pe amplitudes were significantly reduced in ADHD compared with CTRL, and were significantly enhanced by MPH. Incentives significantly increased ERN and Pe amplitudes in the ADHD group but had no effect in CTRL. The effects of incentives did not interact with the effects of MPH on either ERP. Effect sizes were computed and revealed larger effects of MPH than incentives on ERN and Pe amplitudes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reveal independent effects of motivational incentives and MPH on two electrophysiological markers of error monitoring in children with ADHD, suggesting that each may be important tools for enhancing or restoring cognitive control in these children.
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This indicates that impaired arousal regulation in ADHD may be malleable by motivational incentives.
“This indicates that impaired arousal regulation in ADHD may be malleable by motivational incentives, consistent with previous evidence showing the effects of motivational incentives on electrophysiological (Groom et al., 2010(Groom et al., , 2013) ) and fMRI correlates (Liddle et al., 2011) in ADHD.”
From Is autonomic nervous system function atypical in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? A systematic review of the evidence (2020) · cites this paper as Groom et al., 2013
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“Motivational incentives and methylphenidate enhance electrophysiological correlates of error monitoring in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder Madeleine J. Groom,1 Elizabeth B. Liddle,1 Gaia Scerif,2 Peter F. Liddle,1 Martin J. Batty,1 Mario Liotti,3 and Chris P. Hollis1 1Division of Psychiatry, In…”
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- Authors
- Groom, M. J., Liddle, E. B., Scerif, G., Liddle, P. F., Batty, M. J., Liotti, M., & Hollis, C. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Department of Psychology Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada
- Corresponding author
- Groom, Madeleine J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-05-13
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 836-845
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- PMC
- PMC3807603
- OpenAlex
- W2140139575
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (076448/Z/05/Z)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, methylphenidate, motivational incentives, error monitoring, error-related negativity, error positivity, cognitive control, go/no-go task, response cost, reward, children
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Methylphenidate, Motivation, Psychomotor Performance, Case-Control Studies, Drug Monitoring
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