The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia: A meta‐analysis of prospective observational studies
Open accessAbstract
Aims/Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between diabetes and the risk of all type dementia ( ATD ), A lzheimer's disease ( AD ) and vascular dementia ( VaD ). Materials and Methods: Prospective observational studies describing the incidence of ATD , AD and VaD in patients with diabetes mellitus were extracted from PubMed, EMBASE and other databases up to January 2012. Pooled relative risk ( RR ) estimates and 95% confidence intervals ( CI s) were calculated using the random‐effects model. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis were also carried out. Results: A total of 28 studies contributed to the analysis. Pooled RR of developing ATD ( n = 20) was 1.73 (1.65–1.82, I 2 = 71.2%), AD ( n = 20) was 1.56 (1.41–1.73, I 2 = 9.8%) and VaD ( n = 13) was 2.27 (1.94–2.66, I 2 = 0%) in patients with diabetes mellitus. Higher and medium quality studies did not show any significant difference for pooled RR for ATD , AD or VaD . Sensitivity analyses showed robustness of pooled RR among ATD , AD and VaD , showing no single study had a major impact on pooled RR . Conclusions: The results showed a 73% increased risk of ATD , 56% increase of AD and 127% increase of VaD in diabetes patients.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These factors include hypertension 85,[105][106][107] and diabetes.[108][109][110]”
From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis of prospective and observational studies in PWD showed a 73% increased risk of all types of dementia, a 56% increased risk of Alzheimer dementia, and a 127% increased risk of vascular dementia compared with individuals without diabetes (115).”
From Psychosocial care for people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association (2016) · cites this paper as [115]
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis of prospective and observational studies in PWD showed a 73% increased risk of all types of dementia, a 56% increased risk of Alzheimer dementia, and a 127% increased risk of vascular dementia compared with individuals without diabetes (115).”
From Psychosocial care for people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association (2016) · cites this paper as [115]
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis of prospective and observational studies in PWD showed a 73% increased risk of all types of dementia, a 56% increased risk of Alzheimer dementia, and a 127% increased risk of vascular dementia compared with individuals without diabetes (115).”
From Psychosocial care for people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association (2016) · cites this paper as [115]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 17,633
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)
American Psychiatric Association (2000) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349 · Cited by 11,069
Román, G. C., Tatemichi, T. K., Erkinjuntti, T., Cummings, J. L., Masdeu, J. C., Garcia, J. H., Amaducci, L., Orgogozo, J.-M., Brun, A., Hofman, A., et al. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.2.250 · Cited by 4,921
Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Biessels, G. J., Staekenborg, S., Brunner, E., Brayne, C., & Scheltens, P. (2006) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(05)70284-2 · Cited by 2,187 · cited 2×
“Seven out of 10 studies by Biessels et al.47 and five out of nine studies by Kloppenborg et al.53 reported a higher risk of dementia in patients with diabetes.”
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia: The Rotterdam Study
Ott, A., Stolk, R. P., van Harskamp, F., Pols, H. A. P., Hofman, A., & Breteler, M. M. B. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.9.1937 · Cited by 2,175
Report of the Committee on the Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Diabetes Mellitus
Seino, Y., Nanjo, K., Tajima, N., Kadowaki, T., Kashiwagi, A., Araki, E., Ito, C., Inagaki, N., Iwamoto, Y., Kasuga, M., et al. (2010) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00074.x · Cited by 1,799
Diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer disease and decline in cognitive function
Arvanitakis, Z., Wilson, R. S., Bienias, J. L., Evans, D. A., & Bennett, D. A. (2004) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.61.5.661 · Cited by 1,258
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Alzheimer's Disease International, 2008, The Prevalence of Dementia Worldwide
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 726
Andersen, J. V., Nissen, J. D., Christensen, S. K., Markussen, K. H., & Waagepetersen, H. S. (2017) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2017/2107084 · Cited by 35
“T2DM is a major risk factor for the development of Alzheimer ’ s disease (AD), and the hippocampus seems to be particularly vulnerable in T2DM [2 – 4].”
Ahmed, H. A., & Ishrat, T. (2020) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-020-01964-9 · Cited by 33
Amylin Signaling in Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Therapy or Pathology?
Grizzanti, J., Corrigan, R. R., Servizi, S., & Casadesús, G. (2019) · Journal of Neurology and Neuromedicine · doi:10.29245/2572.942x/2019/1.1212 · Cited by 31
“Though several studies clearly demonstrate that human amylin and Aβ have similar effects on LTP in the CNS and use of AMYR inhibitors ameliorates these deleterious effects36-39, other evidence suggests that Aβ (1-42) is incapable of signaling through the any of the AMYR to evoke any sort of cAMP response at a wide var…”
Study on the mechanism of andrographolide activation
Cai, Q., Zhang, W., Sun, Y., Xu, L., Wang, M., Wang, X., Wang, S., & Ni, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.977376 · Cited by 32
“Obesity is one of the risk factors for dementia (Gudala et al., 2013).”
BackgroundWang, Y., Zhang, X., Li, Y., Gui, J., Mei, Y., Yang, X., Liu, H., Guo, L., Li, J., Lei, Y., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1153316 · Cited by 32
on behalf of the CAROLINA® investigators, Biessels, G. J., Janssen, J., van den Berg, E., Zinman, B., Espeland, M. A., Mattheus, M., & Johansen, O. E. (2018) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-018-1014-7 · Cited by 32
“66) [5] as compared to people without.”
Sleep Disturbances and Cognitive Impairment in the Course of Type 2 Diabetes-A Possible Link
Brzecka, A., Madetko‐Alster, N., Nikolenko, V. N., Ashraf, G. M., Ejma, M., Leszek, J., Daroszewski, C., Sarul, K., Михалева, Л. М., Somasundaram, S. G., et al. (2020) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x18666200309101750 · Cited by 35
“6 Cognitive impairment during diabetes [61-84]”
BackgroundUnzeta, M., Hernández‐Guillamón, M., Sun, P., & Solé, M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22073365 · Cited by 34
Costache, A. D., Ignat, B. E., Grosu, C., Maștaleru, A., Abdulan, I. M., Oancea, A., Roca, M., Leon, M. M., Bădescu, M. C., Avadanei-Luca, S., et al. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11123233 · Cited by 31
Hao, L., Xing, Y., Li, X., Mu, B., Zhao, W., Wang, G., Wang, T., Jia, J., & Han, Y. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00846 · Cited by 30
Discontinued disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer’s disease: status and future perspectives
Imbimbo, B. P., Lozupone, M., Watling, M., & Panza, F. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1080/13543784.2020.1795127 · Cited by 31
Iannucci, J., Rao, H. V., & Grammas, P. (2020) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-020-00987-z · Cited by 33
Baptista, L. C. P., Machado‐Rodrigues, A. M., & Martins, R. A. (2017) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2017.1310933 · Cited by 31
“…hyperglycaemia, worst HRQoL, which can progress to depression and increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia (Cardoso et al., 2013; Chin et al., 2016; Gudala et al., 2013; Rawlings et al., 2014; Sheen & Sheu, 2016; Sinclair et al., 2014; Van Der Heijden, Van Dooren, Pop, & Pouwer, 2013).”
BackgroundPrecision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Utility and Limitations
Galiero, R., Caturano, A., Vetrano, E., Monda, M., Marfella, R., Sardu, C., Salvatore, T., Rinaldi, L., & Sasso, F. C. (2023) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s390752 · Cited by 36
“121,122 Moreover, women with diabetes seem to have a higher risk to develop vascular dementia than men.”
BackgroundNT‐proBNP and Risk of Dementia in a General Japanese Elderly Population: The Hisayama Study
Nagata, T., Ohara, T., Hata, J., Sakata, S., Furuta, Y., Yoshida, D., Honda, T., Hirakawa, Y., Ide, T., Kanba, S., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.118.011652 · Cited by 31
Salas, J., Morley, J. E., Scherrer, J. F., Floyd, J. S., Farr, S. A., Zubatsky, M., Barthold, D., & Dublin, S. (2020) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.5014 · Cited by 30
Insulin Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration
Awamlh, S. A. H. A., Wareham, L. K., Risner, M. L., & Calkins, D. J. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22094672 · Cited by 30
Miao, H., Chen, K., Yan, X. H., & Chen, F. (2021) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2020.62 · Cited by 29
“Recent population-based studies have reported that lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension (2), diabetes as well as lifestyle factors such as smoking habits (3, 4), alcohol consumption and dietary patterns are associated with the risk of incidence of dementia and AD (5, 6).”
Mehan, S., Bhalla, S., Siddiqui, E. M., Sharma, N., Shandilya, A., & Khan, A. (2022) · Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease · doi:10.2147/dnnd.s247153 · Cited by 29
Li, C., Kuo, C., Chang, Y., Lu, C., Martini, S., & Hou, W. (2021) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.je20200518 · Cited by 27
“The optimal number of trajectory groups and the appropriate order of trajectories were determined by considering clinical plausibility and three statistical criteria: (1) the Bayes information criterion (BIC) of the model was minimal, (2) Bayes factors (2 loge BIC10) between the more complex model and the simpler mode…”
MethodYavari, M., Kalupahana, N. S., Harris, B. N., Ramalingam, L., Zu, Y., Kahathuduwa, C. N., & Moustaïd‐Moussa, N. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17071203 · Cited by 29
“Meta-analyses have shown that individuals with obesity have twice the risk of developing AD compared to those with a normal body mass index (BMI) [36,37].”
Doney, A. S. F., Bonney, W., Jefferson, E., Walesby, K. E., Bittern, R., Trucco, E., Connelly, P., McCrimmon, R. J., & Palmer, C. N. A. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-0380 · Cited by 30
Shinjyo, N., Waddell, G., & Green, J. (2020) · Journal of Herbal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100342 · Cited by 32
Non-Coding RNAs Based Molecular Links in Type 2 Diabetes, Ischemic Stroke, and Vascular Dementia
Vijayan, M., & Reddy, P. H. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200070 · Cited by 29
“The study concluded that T2DM at baseline was associated with incident vascular cognitive impairment and its subtypes, VaD [209].”
Diabetes and Prediabetes Inhibit Reversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Normal Cognition
Makino, K., Lee, S., Bae, S., Chiba, I., Harada, K., Katayama, O., Shinkai, Y., Makizako, H., & Shimada, H. (2021) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2021.02.033 · Cited by 32
HIF-1α serves as a co-linker between AD and T2DM
Yang, H. T., Ren, K., Zhang, Y., Yang, L., Cao, H., Yuan, X., Su, L., Li, H., Feng, X., & Liu, D. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116158 · Cited by 28
Insulin deficiency results in reversible protein kinase A activation and tau phosphorylation
van der Harg, J. M., Eggels, L., Bangel, F. N., Ruigrok, S. R., Zwart, R., Hoozemans, J. J. M., la Fleur, S. E., & Scheper, W. (2017) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2017.04.005 · Cited by 28
Hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes exacerbates amyloid‐related proteins associated with dementia
Moin, A. S. M., Al‐Qaissi, A., Sathyapalan, T., Atkin, S. L., & Butler, A. E. (2020) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14220 · Cited by 27
“The risk of dementia in individuals with T2D is strikingly increased (50-150%) relative to the general population (3-6).”
BackgroundMetformin Cessation and Dementia Incidence
Zimmerman, S. C., Ferguson, E. L., Choudhary, V., Ranatunga, D. K., Oni‐Orisan, A., Hayes‐Larson, E., Folle, A. D., Mayeda, E. R., Whitmer, R. A., Gilsanz, P., et al. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.39723 · Cited by 30
Bandosz, P., Ahmadi‐Abhari, S., Guzman-Castillo, M., Pearson‐Stuttard, J., Collins, B., Whittaker, H., Shipley, M. J., Capewell, S., Brunner, E. J., & O’Flaherty, M. (2019) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-019-05015-4 · Cited by 26
Kim, H. K., & Song, J. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23062982 · Cited by 33
“27 [46] compared to patients without diabetes.”
Triglyceride Glucose Index is Related with the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes
Tong, X., Zhang, Y., Yu, Z.-W., Pu, S., Li, X., Xu, Y., Shan, Y., & Gao, X. (2022) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s389327 · Cited by 27
“A prospective meta-study showed that the risk of dementia in patients with diabetes increased by 73%, the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increased by 56%, and the risk of vascular dementia (VAD) increased by 127%.(6) Throughout the screening, the newly discovered T2D patients, impaired fasting glucose patients, and…”
BackgroundMetformin and Alzheimer's disease, dementia and cognitive impairment: a systematic review protocol
Campbell, J. M., Stephenson, M., de Courten, B. V., Chapman, I. M., Bellman, S. M., & Aromataris, E. (2017) · The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports · doi:10.11124/jbisrir-2017-003380 · Cited by 26
“Diabetes has been strongly linked to the onset of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.(3) A meta-analysis of 28 longitudinal studies demonstrated that people with diabetes had a 73% increased risk of developing dementia and a 56% increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease compared to the general population.”
BackgroundMore evidence is needed. Iron, incident cognitive decline and dementia: a systematic review
Hosking, D. E., Ayton, S., Beckett, N. S., Booth, A., & Peters, R. K. (2018) · Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease · doi:10.1177/2040622318788485 · Cited by 26
Diabetic retinopathy and dementia association, beyond diabetes severity
Lee, C. S., Krakauer, C., Su, Y.-R., Walker, R. L., Blazes, M., McCurry, S. M., Bowen, J. D., McCormick, W. C., Lee, A. Y., Boyko, E. J., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2022.12.003 · Cited by 25
Gunawan, P. Y., Gunawan, P. A., & Hariyanto, T. I. (2024) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-024-01538-1 · Cited by 28
“In addition, the hyperglycemia that occurs in diabetes is often associated with the accelerated formation of advanced glycated end products (AGE) [7, 8].”
BackgroundInfluentialMechanisms underlying cognitive impairment and management strategies in type 2 diabetes
Chen, X., Huang, Y., & Xiong, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1655768 · Cited by 34
Xenos, D., Mancinetti, F., Mecocci, P., & Boccardi, V. (2025) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2025.102955 · Cited by 26
Georgakis, M. K., Synetos, A. G., Mihas, C. C., Karalexi, M. A., Tousoulis, D. M., Seshadri, S. S., & Petridou, E. T. (2017) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2017.11 · Cited by 27
A Practical Approach to Mental Health for the Diabetes Educator
Gonzalvo, J. D., Hamm, J. A., Eaves, S. M., Muñoz, C. E., de Groot, M., Hill‐Briggs, F., Cypress, M., & Streisand, R. M. (2019) · AADE in Practice · doi:10.1177/2325160319826929 · Cited by 26
“People with diabetes, as compared to people without diabetes, have a 73% increased risk of all types of dementia, a 127% increased risk of vascular dementia and a 56% increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease.(48,49) Diabetes is also associated with a higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is the stage of c…”
BackgroundDyer, A. H., Briggs, R., Mockler, D., Gibney, J., & Kennelly, S. (2019) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcz053 · Cited by 25
Yokomichi, H., Kondo, K., Nagamine, Y., Yamagata, Z., & Kondo, N. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.13103 · Cited by 24
Zhang, P., Sun, Q., Li, Y., Weng, R., Wu, R. T., Zhang, H., & Xu, G. (2020) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-020-00478-7 · Cited by 25
Fink, A., Buchmann, N., Tegeler, C., Steinhagen‐Thiessen, E., Demuth, I., & Doblhammer, G. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187119 · Cited by 24
Song, J., & Kim, O. Y. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9060593 · Cited by 23
Consequences of diabetes mellitus on neuronal connectivity in limbic regions
Flores‐Gómez, A. A., Gómez-Villalobos, M. D. J., & Flores, G. (2018) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.22082 · Cited by 24
“Type 1 and type 2 DM are related to a higher risk of dementia (Brands et al, 2005; Gudala et al, 2013; Wessels et al, 2006).”
BackgroundTristão‐Pereira, C., Diao, Y., Yin, T., da Silva, A. R., Lanz, B., Pierzchała, K., Poitry‐Yamate, C., & Jelescu, I. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117498 · Cited by 24
Liu, J., Zhu, X., Liu, Y., Jia, F., Yuan, H., Wang, Q., Zhang, X., Li, Z., Du, X., & Zhang, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1231524 · Cited by 25
Correlations between Dementia and Loneliness
Karska, J., Pszczołowska, M., Gładka, A., & Leszek, J. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25010271 · Cited by 26
“An example of this could be diabetes, which has a positive correlation with dementia [12].”
BackgroundHayashi-Park, E., Ozment, B. N., Griffith, C. M., Zhang, H., Patrylo, P. R., & Rose, G. M. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.020 · Cited by 26
Incidence and Risk Profile of Dementia in the Regions of Middle East and North Africa
Bhalla, D., Lotfalinezhad, E., Amini, F., Salmannejad, M., Nezhad, V. R. B., Kooshalshah, S. F. R., Delbari, A., Fadayevatan, R., Irmansyah, I., Abdelrahman, A., et al. (2018) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000487761 · Cited by 24
Dolan, C., Glynn, R. W., & LAWLOR, B. A. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.01.004 · Cited by 22
Cortisol: Mediator of association between Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes mellitus?
Notarianni, E. L. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.04.008 · Cited by 23
Ochiai, T., Nagayama, T., Matsui, K., Amano, K., Sano, T., Wakabayashi, T., & Iwatsubo, T. (2021) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2021.33 · Cited by 23
Microvascular basis of cognitive impairment in type 1 diabetes
Sharma, S., & Brown, C. E. (2021) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107929 · Cited by 24
Yoo, J. E., Han, K., Kim, B., Park, S. H., Kim, S. M., Park, H. S., & Nam, G. E. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-1597 · Cited by 24
The Role of Vascular Risk Factors in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia and Prospects for Prevention
Mahinrad, S., Sorond, F. A., & Gorelick, P. B. (2022) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2022.07.007 · Cited by 25
Lipids and lipoproteins may play a role in the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease
Akyol, Ö., Akyol, S., Chou, M., Chen, S., Liu, C., Selek, S., Soares, J. C., & Chen, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1275932 · Cited by 27
Ware, E. B., Morataya, C., Fu, M., & Bakulski, K. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.634767 · Cited by 25
“The positive association we found between T2DM and CIND in the European ancestry sample was consistent with several previous cross-sectional studies of dementia (Haan et al., 2003; Valcour et al., 2005; Duron and Hanon, 2008; Gudala et al., 2013).”
BackgroundResultChan, P., Wei, C., Hung, G., & Chiu, P. (2018) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.916 · Cited by 23
Prevalence and incidence of mild cognitive impairment in adults with diabetes in the United States
Zheng, Y., Ma, Q., Qi, X., Zhu, Z., & Wu, B. (2023) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110976 · Cited by 23
Hanke, J., Romejko, K., & Niemczyk, S. (2025) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules30204125 · Cited by 33
“A 2013 meta-analysis conducted by Kapil Gudala demonstrated that individuals with diabetes had a 73% elevated risk of developing dementia compared to non-diabetics, which encompasses a 56% higher risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) [142].”
Xiao, X., Yan, X., Liang, C., & Yang, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1772036 · Cited by 25
“Meta-analytical studies show that individuals with obesity or related metabolic conditions are almost twice as likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (115).”
Cognitive Dysfunction in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Sinclair, A. J., & Abdelhafiz, A. H. (2020) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2020.04.002 · Cited by 23
Lee, D. Y., Kim, J., Park, S. H., Park, S. Y., Yu, J. H., Seo, J. A., Kim, N. H., Yoo, H. J., Kim, S. G., Choi, K. M., et al. (2022) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2021.0346 · Cited by 22
“A growing body of evidence shows the adverse effects of diabetes on cog-Lee nitive function and a 73% higher risk of all-cause dementia in people with diabetes than in those without [3,4].”
Dementia Risk and Protective Factors Differ in the Context of Memory Trajectory Groups
Zahodne, L. B., Schupf, N., Brickman, A. M., Mayeux, R. P., Wall, M. M., Stern, Y., & Manly, J. J. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-151114 · Cited by 23
“, resistance to memory decline) was associated with: younger age [22], race [23], higher educational attainment [24], and the absence of diabetes [25] or stroke [26].”
BackgroundPredicting cognitive function of the Malaysian elderly: a structural equation modelling approach
Foong, H. F., Hamid, T. A., Ibrahim, R., Haron, S. A., & Shahar, S. (2016) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1231172 · Cited by 22
Rhee, S. Y. (2017) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2017.32.2.195 · Cited by 21
Flores‐León, M., Pérez‐Domínguez, M., González‐Barrios, R., & Arias, C. (2019) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-019-02810-8 · Cited by 24
Neuroendocrine Disturbances in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Scoping Review
Newhouse, A. L., & Chemali, Z. N. (2019) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2019.11.002 · Cited by 23
Lefèvre‐Arbogast, S., Wagner, M., Proust‐Lima, C., & Samieri, C. (2019) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-019-00285-1 · Cited by 22
Zhou, J., Ma, L., Zhao, L., Sheng, J., Xu, Y., Chen, J., Yu, L., Sun, Q., Zhou, H., Zhu, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-210141 · Cited by 21
Faria, A. C. R. D. A., Dall'Agnol, J. F., Gouveia, A. M., de Paiva, C. I., Segalla, V. C., & Baena, C. P. (2022) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-022-00872-3 · Cited by 25
“27 for vascular dementia, when compared to people without DM [13, 15].”
BackgroundPrevention of Alzheimer's Disease: A Global Challenge for Next Generation Neuroscientists
Rodríguez‐Gómez, O., Palacio-Lacambra, M.-E., Palasí, A., Ruiz, A., & Boada, M. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-141479 · Cited by 21
“Specifically for , a 1.5-fold increased relative risk was found in DM individuals in two independent studies [17, 18].”
InfluentialPlasma Amyloid-β Peptides in Type 2 Diabetes: A Matched Case-Control Study
Peters, K. E., Davis, W. A., Taddei, K., Martins, R. N., Masters, C. L., Davis, T. M. E., & Bruce, D. G. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-161050 · Cited by 21
Social vulnerability and hypoglycemia among patients with diabetes
Waitman, J. N., Caeiro, G., Gonzalez, S. A. R., Ré, D. P., DAGHERO, A. V., González, C. D., & Umpierrez, G. E. (2017) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endinu.2016.11.008 · Cited by 25
Camargo, L. C., Campos, G. A. A., Galante, P., Biolchi, A. M., Gonçalves, J. C., Lopes, K. S., & Mortari, M. R. (2017) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2017.11.010 · Cited by 21
Cai, H., Li, G., Jiang, S., Yin, H., Liu, P., & Chen, L. (2019) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/00989134-20190111-05 · Cited by 22
Shi, J., Jia, J., Tian, S., Zhang, H., An, K., Zhu, W., Cao, W., Yuan, Y., & Wang, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.619916 · Cited by 20
Sun, M., Wang, X., Lu, Z., Yang, Y., Lv, S., Miao, M., Chen, W., Wu, S., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101623 · Cited by 20
McMichael, A., Zafeiridi, E., Passmore, P., Cunningham, E. L., & McGuinness, B. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-190751 · Cited by 21
Sharma, P., Aggarwal, K., Awasthi, R., Kulkarni, G. T., & Sharma, B. (2021) · Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0159 · Cited by 20
Metformin, Cognitive Decline, And Brain Pathology
Sood, A., Capuano, A. W., Wilson, R. S., Barnes, L. L., Kapasi, A., Bennett, D. A., & Arvanitakis, Z. (2023) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.10.005 · Cited by 21
Novel targets and therapies of metformin in dementia: old drug, new insights
Cui, W., Lv, C., Geng, P., Fu, M., Zhou, W., Xiong, M., & Li, T. X. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1415740 · Cited by 21
Cozza, A., Chinigò, C., Filicetti, E., Greco, G. I., Lappano, R., Marinaro, C., Muglia, L., Soraci, L., Corsonello, A., Lattanzio, F., et al. (2025) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2025.102834 · Cited by 20
Type 2 diabetes and later cognitive function in older American Indians: The Strong Heart Study
Cholerton, B., Omidpanah, A., Verney, S. P., Nelson, L. A., Baker, L. D., Suchy‐Dicey, A. M., Longstreth, W. T., Jr., Howard, B. V., Henderson, J. A., Montine, T. J., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5108 · Cited by 20
“com increased to 127% when vascular dementia (VaD) was examined independently.(4) This finding is unsurprising, as insulin resistance, the disruption of the ability of insulin to perform its normal action in cells, and its related conditions, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular disease…”
BackgroundBhatia, P., Kaur, G., & Singh, N. (2020) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2020.106827 · Cited by 19
Zheng, B., Su, B., Udeh‐Momoh, C. T., Price, G., Tzoulaki, I., Vamos, E. P., Majeed, A., Ríboli, E., Ahmadi‐Abhari, S., & Middleton, L. T. (2022) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2022.8 · Cited by 19
“Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an established risk factor for dementia and is associated with a 53%-73% higher risk of LOD or AD (3-5).”
BackgroundLongo, M., Meo, I. D., Caruso, P., Muscio, M. F., Scappaticcio, L., Maio, A., Maiorino, M. I., Bellastella, G., Signoriello, G., Knop, F. K., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110688 · Cited by 19
Guo, X., Lei, M., Ma, G., Ouyang, C., Yang, X., Liu, C., Chen, Q., & Liu, X. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03725-w · Cited by 20
Pregnancy loss and risk of later dementia: A nationwide cohort study, Denmark, 1977–2017
Basit, S., Wohlfahrt, J., & Boyd, H. A. (2019) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.trci.2019.02.006 · Cited by 19
Gerstein, H. C., Smith, E. E., Ramasundarahettige, C. F., Desai, D., Awadalla, P., Broët, P., Black, S. E., Dummer, T., Hicks, J., Moody, A. R., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa815 · Cited by 19
Blum, S., & Conen, D. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2022.10.013 · Cited by 21
Kaur, P., Khan, H., Grewal, A. K., Dua, K., Singh, S. K., Gupta, G., & Singh, T. G. (2024) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/0118715273321002240919102841 · Cited by 19
Rozenblum, G., Ait‐Aissa, K., Zahran, G. E. D., Alipour, M., Sahyoun, A. M., Munkhsaikhan, U., Kassan, A., Ishrat, T., Wang, Q., Abidi, A. H., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71011 · Cited by 19
Liu, Y., Chen, D., Smith, A., Ye, Q., Gao, Y., & Zhang, W. (2021) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x211006596 · Cited by 20
Hamasaki, H., Shijo, M., Nakamura, A., Honda, H., Yamada, Y., Oda, Y., Ohara, T., Ninomiya, T., & Iwaki, T. (2021) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.13014 · Cited by 18
Geriatric Syndromes in Older Adults with Diabetes
Neumiller, J. J., & Munshi, M. N. (2023) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2022.10.004 · Cited by 22
Translating the WHO 25×25 goals into a UK context: the PROMISE modelling study
Cobiac, L. J., & Scarborough, P. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012805 · Cited by 19
Different treatment forms of type II diabetes and the risk of dementia in German health claims data
Buchmann, N., Fink, A., Tegeler, C., Demuth, I., Doblhammer, G., & Steinhagen‐Thiessen, E. (2019) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-019-01332-7 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Gudala, K., Bansal, D., Schifano, F., & Bhansali, A.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (IN)
- University of Hertfordshire (GB)
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Bansal, Dipika
- Venue
- Journal of Diabetes Investigation
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-04-26
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 640-650
- ISSN
- 2040-1116 (ISSN-L)
- 2040-1124
- PMC
- PMC4020261
- OpenAlex
- W2035873080
- Cited by
- 727
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 14.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Diabetes Investigation (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia risk, incidence, type 2 diabetes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
