Risk of Dementia among Persons with Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-based Cohort Study
Abstract
It is unclear whether persons with diabetes are at increased risk for dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. Existing studies are limited by small sample size, selection bias, and case-control designs. This population-based historical cohort study provides estimates of the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease associated with adult onset diabetes mellitus (AODM). The sample included all persons with AODM residing in Rochester, Minnesota, on January 1, 1970, plus all persons diagnosed in Rochester or who moved to Rochester with the diagnosis between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 1984. Individuals were followed through review of their complete medical records from AODM diagnosis until dementia onset, emigration, death, or January 1, 1985. Standardized morbidity ratios for dementia and Alzheimer's disease were calculated, using an expected incidence based on age- and sex-specific rates for the Rochester population. Poisson regression was used to estimate risks for persons with AODM relative to those without. Of the 1,455 cases of AODM followed for 9,981 person-years, 101 developed dementia, including 77 who met criteria for Alzheimer's disease. Persons with AODM exhibited significantly increased risk of all dementia (Poisson regression relative risk (RR) = 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-2.05). Risk of Alzheimer's disease was also elevated (for men, R = 2.27, 95% CI 1.55-3.31; for women, RR = 1.37, 95% CI 0.94-2.01). These findings emphasize the importance of AODM prevention and prompt additional investigation of the relation between AODM and dementia.
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Studies reporting the development of future dementia reported that people with diabetes had a higher risk of all-cause dementia than people without diabetes.
“Studies reporting the development of future dementia of these reported that people with diabetes had a higher risk of all-cause dementia than people without diabetes [56, 58, 64, 65, 67].”
From Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes—systematic overview of prospective observational studies (2005) · cites this paper as [58]
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- Authors
- Leibson, C. L., Rocca, W. A., Hanson, V. A., Cha, R., Kokmen, E., O'Brien, P. C., & Palumbo, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leibson, C. L
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1997-02-15
- Volume
- 145
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 301-308
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W1984044273
- Cited by
- 700
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 14.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- National Institutes of Health (5r29ag008729-05)
- National Institute on Aging (AG-08031, P30AG008031, AG-08729)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, dementia risk, sex differences, Rochester, Minnesota
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Dementia, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Minnesota, Population Surveillance, Regression Analysis, Risk, Risk Factors, Urban Health, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Age Distribution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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