Expression of β‐glucosidase increases trichome density and artemisinin content in transgenic Artemisia annua plants
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Artemisinin is highly effective against multidrug‐resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, the aetiological agent of the most severe form of malaria. However, a low level of accumulation of artemisinin in Artemisia annua is a major limitation for its production and delivery to malaria endemic areas of the world. While several strategies to enhance artemisinin have been extensively explored, enhancing storage capacity in trichome has not yet been considered. Therefore, trichome density was increased with the expression of β‐glucosidase (bgl 1) gene in A. annua through Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation. Transgene (bgl 1) integration and transcript were confirmed by molecular analysis. Trichome density increased up to 20% in leaves and 66% in flowers of BGL 1 transgenic plants than Artemisia control plants. High‐performance liquid chromatography, time of flight mass spectrometer data showed that artemisinin content increased up to 1.4% in leaf and 2.56% in flowers (per g DW), similar to the highest yields achieved so far through metabolic engineering. Artemisinin was enhanced up to five‐fold in BGL 1 transgenic flowers. This study opens the possibility of increasing artemisinin content by manipulating trichomes’ density, which is a major reservoir of artemisinin. Combining biosynthetic pathway engineering with enhancing trichome density may further increase artemisinin yield in A. annua. Because oral feeding of Artemisia plant cells reduced parasitemia more efficiently than the purified drug, reduced drug resistance and cost of prohibitively expensive purification process, enhanced expression should play a key role in making this valuable drug affordable to treat malaria in a large global population that disproportionally impacts low‐socioeconomic areas and underprivileged children.
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- Authors
- Singh, N. D., Kumar, S., & Daniell, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Daniell, Henry
- Venue
- Plant Biotechnology Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-09-11
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1034-1045
- ISSN
- 1467-7644 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-7652
- PMC
- PMC4767539
- OpenAlex
- W2123530556
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Plant Biotechnology Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01 GM 63879, R01 HL 109442, R01 HL 107904)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Transgenic Plants and Applications
- Keywords
- β-glucosidase, trichome density, artemisinin biosynthesis, Artemisia annua, transgenic plants, metabolic engineering, Plasmodium falciparum, oral drug delivery, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
- MeSH terms
- beta-Glucosidase, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Transformation, Genetic, Plant Leaves, Gene Dosage, Transgenes, Plants, Genetically Modified, Artemisia annua, Artemisinins, Trichomes
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