The effects of prolonged intracortical microstimulation on the excitability of pyramidal tract neurons in the cat
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the excitability changes induced in cerebral cortical neurons during prolonged microstimulation with a spatially dense microelectrodes array. The arrays of 16 iridium microelectrodes were implanted chronically into the postcruciate gyrus of cats. Neuronal responses characteristic of single pyramidal tract axons (ULRs) were recorded in the medullary pyramid. 7 h of pulsing of individual electrodes at 50 Hz and at 4 nC/ph induced little or no change in the ULRs' electrical thresholds. The thresholds also were quite stable when 4 of the 16 microelectrodes were pulsed on each of 14 consecutive days. However, when all 16 microelectrodes were pulsed for 7 h at 4 nC/ph, the threshold of approximately half of the ULRs became elevated. Recovery of excitability required 2-18 days. Prolonged sequential (interleaved) pulsing of the 16 microelectrodes induced less depression of excitability than did simultaneous pulsing, but only when the stimulus amplitude was low (12 A, 1.8 nC/ph). Stimulation at a higher amplitude (15 nC/ph) induced much more depression of excitability. These findings imply that multiple processes mediate the stimulation-induced depression of neuronal excitability. The data also demonstrate that the depression can be reduced by employing a stimulus regimen in which the inherent spatial resolution of the array is maximized (sequential pulsing at an amplitude in which there is minimal overlap of the effective current fields).
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The work of Shannon, McCreery et al., and Cogan et al. established guidelines for stimulation levels regarded as safe for the stimulated tissues and the materials of the stimulating electrodes.
“The work of Shannon (21), McCreery et al. (47, 48), and Cogan et al. (20, 49) established some guidelines for stimulation levels that are regarded as safe both for the stimulated tissues and the materials of the stimulating electrodes.”
From Visual percepts evoked with an intracortical 96-channel microelectrode array inserted in human occipital cortex (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- McCreery, D. B., Agnew, W. F., & Bullara, L. A.
- Affiliations
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes (US)
- ORCID
- McCreery, Douglas B.
- Venue
- Annals of Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 2002-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 107-119
- ISSN
- 0090-6964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2055388286
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01ns082388-000)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (N01-NS-82388, N01-NS-5-2324)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- intracortical microstimulation, neuronal excitability, pyramidal tract neurons, corticospinal tract, electrical threshold, stimulus amplitude, cats
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Cats, Differential Threshold, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Iridium, Microelectrodes, Models, Neurological, Motor Cortex, Neurons, Pyramidal Tracts, Reaction Time, Refractory Period, Electrophysiological, Sensitivity and Specificity, Time Factors
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