Over-pulsing degrades activated iridium oxide films used for intracortical neural stimulation
Abstract
Microelectrodes using activated iridium oxide (AIROF) charge-injection coatings have been pulsed in cat cortex at levels from near-threshold for neural excitation to the reported in vitro electrochemical charge-injection limits of AIROF. The microelectrodes were subjected to continuous biphasic current pulsing, using an 0.4V (versus Ag|AgCl) anodic bias with equal cathodal and anodal pulse widths, for periods up to 7h at a frequency of either 50Hz or 100Hz. At charge densities of 3mC/cm(2), histology revealed iridium-containing deposits in tissue adjacent to the charge-injection sites and scanning electron microscopy of explanted electrodes revealed a thickened and poorly adherent AIROF coating. Microelectrodes pulsed at 2mC/cm(2) or less remained intact, with no histologic evidence of non-biologic deposits in the tissue. AIROF microelectrodes challenged in vitro under the same pulsing conditions responded similarly, with electrodes pulsed at 3mC/cm(2) showing evidence of AIROF delamination after only 100s of pulsing at 100Hz (10,000 pulses total), while electrodes pulsed at 2mC/cm(2) for 7h at 50Hz (1.3 x 10(6) pulses total) showed no evidence of damage. In vitro electrochemical potential transient measurements in buffered physiologic saline indicate that polarizing the AIROF beyond the potential window for electrolysis of water (-0.6 to 0.8V versus Ag|AgCl) results in the observed degradation.
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Activated iridium oxide films have uneven growth of the oxide layer that introduces strain and can result in a tendency to delaminate from the underlying iridium metal.
“For activated iridium oxide films, uneven growth of the oxide layer introduces strain in the oxide layer and can result in the tendency for the activated iridium oxide film to delaminate from the underlying iridium metal [12] [13].”
From Flexible Nerve Stimulation Electrode With Iridium Oxide Sputtered on Liquid Crystal Polymer (2009) · cites this paper as [13]
The sputtered iridium oxide film on LCP was robust and could provide a good solution for stimulation electrodes that require a flexible substrate and large charge injection capability.
“Finally, the sputtered iridium oxide film on LCP was robust and could provide a good solution for stimulation electrodes that require a flexible substrate and large charge injection capability [12] [13].”
From Flexible Nerve Stimulation Electrode With Iridium Oxide Sputtered on Liquid Crystal Polymer (2009) · cites this paper as [13]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Cogan, S. F., Guzelian, A. A., Agnew, W. F., Yuen, T. G. H., & McCreery, D. B.
- Affiliations
- EIC Laboratories (US)
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cogan, Stuart F
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience Methods
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-08
- Volume
- 137
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 141-150
- ISSN
- 0165-0270 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2155993532
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience Methods (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (N01-NS-82388, R44 NS55673-03)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Electrochemistry › Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
- Keywords
- microelectrodes, electrode degradation, coating delamination, electrochemical stability window, water electrolysis, cat cortex
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cats, Cerebral Cortex, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Electric Stimulation, Electrochemistry, Electrodes, Implanted, Electroplating, Iridium, Microelectrodes, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
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