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Cited by 240Neuroscience and Neural EngineeringCardiac pacing and defibrillation studiesOrthopaedic implants and arthroplasty

Criteria for the Selection of Materials for Implanted Electrodes

Geddes, L. A., Roeder, R.·2003·Annals of Biomedical Engineering
DOI 10.1114/1.1581292
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Abstract

There are four criteria that must be considered when choosing material for an implanted electrode: (1) tissue response, (2) allergic response, (3) electrode-tissue impedance, and (4) radiographic visibility. This paper discusses these four criteria and identifies the materials that are the best candidates for such electrodes. For electrodes that make ohmic contact with tissues: gold, platinum, platinum-iridium, tungsten, and tantalum are good candidates. The preferred insulating materials are polyimide and glass. The characteristics of stimulator output circuits and the importance of the bidirectional waveform in relation to electrode decomposition are discussed. The paper concludes with an analysis, the design criteria, and the special properties and materials for capacitive recording and stimulating electrodes.

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  • Good candidates for ohmic electrode-tissue contacts are gold, platinum, platinum-iridium, tungsten, and tantalum.

    “Good candidates for ohmic electrode-tissue contacts are gold, platinum (Pt), platinum-iridium, tungsten, and tantalum”

    From A critical review of interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of neuroprostheses and hybrid bionic systems (2005) · cites this paper as Geddes and Roeder, 2003

  • A foreign body response over contacts within excitable tissue will increase separation between the electrode and target tissue, leading to a raised stimulation threshold proportional to scar tissue thickness and a drop in recording sensitivities.

    “The electrical interface must be stable as a foreign body response over the contacts within excitable tissue will increase the separation between the electrode and the target tissue, leading to a raised stimulation threshold that is proportional to the scar tissue thickness and a drop in recording sensitivities (Geddes and Roeder 2003).”

    From Peripheral nerve bionic interface: a review of electrodes (2019) · cites this paper as Geddes and Roeder 2003

  • Encapsulation materials for implants need to be both biocompatible and resistant to bio-dissolution.

    “Encapsulation materials which are conventionally electrical insulators need to be both biocompatible and resistant to bio-dissolution (Geddes and Roeder 2003; Joung 2013).”

    From Peripheral nerve bionic interface: a review of electrodes (2019) · cites this paper as Geddes and Roeder 2003

  • Cardiac pacemakers' threshold current is established during surgery, then doubled to account for the expected bioresponse to the implant.

    “Cardiac pacemakers' threshold current is established during surgery, then doubled to account for the expected bioresponse to the implant (Geddes and Roeder 2003).”

    From Peripheral nerve bionic interface: a review of electrodes (2019) · cites this paper as Geddes and Roeder 2003

  • Stimulating without a DC bias reduces electro-decomposition of electrical contacts, and bi-phasic pulses with a zero-net-charge have a similar response.

    “The longevity of the implant can be further improved through the operation of the electrodes, stimulating without a DC bias will reduce electro-decomposition of the electrical contacts, whilst bi-phasic pulses with a zero-net-charge have a similar response (Geddes and Roeder 2003).”

    From Peripheral nerve bionic interface: a review of electrodes (2019) · cites this paper as Geddes and Roeder 2003

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Authors
Geddes, L. A., & Roeder, R.
Affiliations
Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
Venue
Annals of Biomedical Engineering
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2003-07
Volume
31
Issue
7
Pages
879-890
ISSN
0090-6964 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1114/1.1581292
OpenAlex
W1978696561
Cited by
240
References
31
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
FWCI
0.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annals of Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty
Keywords
implanted electrodes, electrode materials, tissue reaction, allergic reactions, gold, platinum, tungsten, tantalum, polyimide, glass insulators
MeSH terms
Biocompatible Materials, Decision Support Techniques, Electrodes, Implanted, Electrophysiology, Equipment Design, Hypersensitivity, Materials Testing, Microelectrodes, Technology Assessment, Biomedical, Equipment Failure Analysis

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