Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 47

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Exercise-Induced Illness and Inflammation: Can Immunonutrition and Iron Help?

Castell, Lindy M., Nieman, David C., Bermon, Stéphane, Peeling, Peter·2019·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
DOI 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0288
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The main focus of this review is illness among elite athletes, how and why it occurs, and whether any measures can be taken to combat it or to prevent its onset. In particular, there is particular interest in exercise-induced immunodepression, which is a result of the immune system regarding exercise (e.g., prolonged, exhaustive exercise) as a challenge to its function. This promotes the inflammatory response. There is often a high incidence of illness in athletes after undertaking strenuous exercise, particularly among those competing in endurance events, not only mainly in terms of upper respiratory tract illness, but also involving gastrointestinal problems. It may well be that this high incidence is largely due to insufficient recovery time being allowed after, for example, a marathon, a triathlon, or other endurance events. Two examples of the incidence of upper respiratory tract illness in moderate versus endurance exercise are provided. In recent years, increasing numbers of research studies have investigated the origins, symptoms, and incidence of these bouts of illness and have attempted to alleviate the symptoms with supplements, sports foods, or immunonutrition. One aspect of the present review discusses iron deficiency, which has been primarily suggested to have an impact upon cell-mediated immunity. Immunonutrition is also discussed, as are new techniques for investigating links between metabolism and immune function.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0288

Cites

13 of 13 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 13 references

Research works printed but not linked: 43

  1. Alonso, J.M., Tscholl, P.M., Engebretsen, L., Mountjoy, M., Dvorak, J., & Junge, A. (2010). Occurrence of injuries and illnesses during the 2009 IAAF World Athletics Championships. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44, 1100–1105. PubMed ID: 21106775 doi:10.1136/bjsm.2010.07803010.1136/bjsm.2010.078030 · DOI
  2. Arabyat, R.M., Raisch, D.W., McKoy, J.M., & Bennett, C.L. (2015). Fluoroquinolone-associated tendon-rupture: A summary of reports in the Food and Drug Administration’s adverse event reporting system. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 14, 1653–1660. PubMed ID: 26393387 doi:10.1517/14740338.2015.108596810.1517/14740338.2015.1085968 · DOI
  3. Beard, J., & Tobin, B. (2000). Iron status and exercise. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(Suppl. 2), 594S–597S. PubMed ID: 10919965 doi:10.1093/ajcn/72.2.594S10.1093/ajcn/72.2.594S · DOI · Paper page
  4. Beard, J.L. (2001). Iron biology in immune function, muscle metabolism and neuronal functioning. Journal of Nutrition, 131(2S-2), 568S–579S; discussion 580S. PubMed ID: 11160590 doi:10.1093/jn/131.2.568S10.1093/jn/131.2.568S · DOI · Paper page
  5. Brittenham, G.M. (2018). Disorders of iron metabolism: Iron deficiency and overload. In R. Hoffman, E. Benz, L. Silberstein, H. Heslop, J. Weitz, & J. Anastasi Hematology: Basic principles and practice (7th ed, pp. 478–490). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.10.1016/B978-0-323-35762-3.00036-6 · DOI
  6. Calder, P.C. (2013). Feeding the immune system. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 72, 299–309. PubMed ID: 23688939 doi:10.1017/S002966511300128610.1017/S0029665113001286 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Castell, L.M., Poortmans, J., & Newsholme, E.A. (1996). Does glutamine have a role in reducing infections in athletes? European Journal of Applied Physiology, 73, 488–490. doi:10.1007/BF0033442910.1007/BF00334429 · DOI
  8. Castell, L.M., Stear, S., & Burke, L.M. (Eds.). (2015). Nutritional supplements in sport, exercise and health: An A-Z guide. Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge.10.4324/9781315772509 · DOI
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). CDC health information for international travel 2014: The yellow book. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  10. Clarsen, B., Ronsen, O., Myklebust, G., Florenes, T.W., & Bahr, R. (2014). The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire on health problems: A new approach to prospective monitoring of illness and injury in elite athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(9), 754–760. PubMed ID: 23429267 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-09208710.1136/bjsports-2012-092087 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Dawson, B., Goodman, C., Blee, T., Claydon, G., Peeling, P., Beilby, J., & Prins, A. (2006). Iron supplementation: Oral tablets versus intramuscular injection. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 16(2), 180–186. PubMed ID: 16779924 doi:10.1123/ijsnem.16.2.18010.1123/ijsnem.16.2.180 · DOI
  12. De Oliveira, E.P. (2017). Runner’s diarrhea: What is it, what causes it, and how can it be prevented? Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 33, 41–46. doi:10.1097/MOG.000000000000032210.1097/MOG.0000000000000322 · DOI
  13. Drew, M., Vlahovich, N., Hughes, D., Appaneal, R., Burke, L.M., Lundy, B., . . . Waddington, G. (2018). Prevalence of illness, poor mental health and sleep quality and low energy availability prior to the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52, 47–53. PubMed ID: 29056598 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-09820810.1136/bjsports-2017-098208 · DOI
  14. Engebretsen, L., Soligard, T., Steffen, K., Alonso, J.M., Aubry, M., Budgett, R., . . . Renstrom, P.A. (2013). Sports injuries and illnesses during the London Summer Olympic Games 2012. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47, 407–414. PubMed ID: 23515712 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-09238010.1136/bjsports-2013-092380 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Fallon, K.E. (2004). Utility of hematological and iron-related screening in elite athletes. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 14(3), 145–152. doi:10.1097/00042752-200405000-0000710.1097/00042752-200405000-00007 · DOI
  16. Fallon, K.E. (2008). Screening for haematological and iron-related abnormalities in elite athletes-analysis of 576 cases. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 11(3), 329–336. PubMed ID: 17543581 doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2007.02.01710.1016/j.jsams.2007.02.017 · DOI
  17. Food and Nutrition Board. (2001). Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222307/
  18. Garvican, L.A., Lobigs, L., Telford, R., Fallon, K., & Gore, C.J. (2011). Haemoglobin mass in an anaemic female endurance runner before and after iron supplementation. International Journal of Sports, Physiology and Performance, 6(1), 137–140. doi:10.1123/ijspp.6.1.13710.1123/ijspp.6.1.137 · DOI
  19. Garvican-Lewis, L.A., Vuong, V.L., Govus, A.D., Peeling, P., Jung, G., Nemeth, E., . . . Gore, C.J. (2018). Intravenous iron does not augment the hemoglobin mass response to simulated hypoxia. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 50(8), 1669–1678. PubMed ID: 29538179 doi:10.1249/MSS.000000000000160810.1249/MSS.0000000000001608 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Hallberg, L., Brune, M., & Rossander, L. (1989). The role of vitamin C in iron absorption. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research Supplements, 30, 103–108.
  21. Hellard, P., Avalos, M., Guimaraes, F., Toussaint, J.F., & Pyne, D.B. (2015). Training-related risk of common illnesses in elite swimmers over a 4-yr period. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 47, 698–707. PubMed ID: 25100341 doi:10.1249/MSS.000000000000046110.1249/MSS.0000000000000461 · DOI
  22. Jeukendrup, A.E. (2017). Training the gut for athletes. Sports Medicine, 47(Suppl. 1), 101–110. PubMed ID: 28332114 doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0690-610.1007/s40279-017-0690-6 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Khansari, D.N., Murgo, A.J., & Faith, R.E. (1990). Effects of stress on the immune system. Immunology Today, 11, 170–175. PubMed ID: 2186751 doi:10.1016/0167-5699(90)90069-L10.1016/0167-5699(90)90069-L · DOI · Paper page
  24. Larrabee, R.C. (1902). Leucocytosis after violent exercise. Journal of Medical Research, 7, 76–82. PubMed ID: 19971455
  25. McFarland, L.V. (2007). Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of traveler’s diarrhea. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 5, 97–105. PubMed ID: 17298915 doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2005.10.00310.1016/j.tmaid.2005.10.003 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Nielsen, P., & Nachtigall, D. (1998). Iron supplementation in athletes. Current recommendations. Sports Medicine, 26(4), 207–216. PubMed ID: 9820921 doi:10.2165/00007256-199826040-0000110.2165/00007256-199826040-00001 · DOI · Paper page
  27. Nieman, D.C. (1994). Physical activity, fitness and infection. In: C. Bouchard, R.J. Shephard, & T. Stephens (Eds.), Physical activity, fitness, and health: International Proceedings and Consensus Statement (pp. 796–813). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books.
  28. Nieman, D.C., Groen, A., Pugachev, A., & Vacca, G. (2018a). Detection of functional overreaching in endurance athletes using proteomics. Journal of Proteome Research, 6(3), 33. doi:10.3390/proteomes603003310.3390/proteomes6030033 · DOI
  29. Nieman, D.C., Johansen, L.M., Lee, J.W., Cermak, J., & Arabatzis, K. (1990). Infectious episodes in runners before and after the Los Angeles Marathon. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 30, 316–328. PubMed ID: 2266764
  30. Nieman, D.C., Lila, M.A., & Gillitt, N.D. (2018b). Immunometabolism: A multi-omics approach to interpreting the influence of exercise and diet on the immune system. Annual Review of Food Science Technology.
  31. Patel, A.R., Oheb, D., & Zaslow, T.L. (2018). Gastrointestinal prophylaxis in sports medicine. Sports Health, 10(2), 152–155. PubMed ID: 28952896 doi:10.1177/194173811773273310.1177/1941738117732733 · DOI
  32. Peake, J.M., Neubauer, O., Della Gatta, P.A., & Nosaka, K. (2017). Muscle damage and inflammation during recovery from exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 122, 559–570. PubMed ID: 28035017 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00971.201610.1152/japplphysiol.00971.2016 · DOI · Paper page
  33. Peeling, P., Dawson, B., Goodman, C., Landers, G., Wiegerinck, E.T., Swinkels, D.W., & Trinder, D. (2009). Effects of exercise on hepcidin response and iron metabolism during recovery. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 19(6), 583–597. PubMed ID: 20175428 doi:10.1123/ijsnem.19.6.58310.1123/ijsnem.19.6.583 · DOI
  34. Peters, E.M., & Bateman, E.D. (1983). Ultramarathon running and upper respiratory tract infections. An epidemiological survey. South African Medical Journal, 64, 582–584. PubMed ID: 6623247
  35. Rampton, D., Folkersen, J., Fishbane, S., Hedenus, M., Howaldt, S., Locatelli, F., . . . Weiss, G. (2014). Hypersensitivity reactions to intravenous iron: Guidance for risk minimization and management. Haematologica, 99(11), 1671–1676. PubMed ID: 25420283 doi:10.3324/haematol.2014.11149210.3324/haematol.2014.111492 · DOI · Paper page
  36. Raysmith, B.P., & Drew, M.K. (2016). Performance success or failure is influenced by weeks lost to injury and illness in elite Australian track and field athletes: A 5-year prospective study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19, 778–783. PubMed ID: 26839047 doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.51510.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.515 · DOI · Paper page
  37. Riddle, M.S., Connor, B.A., Beeching, N.J., DuPont, H.L., Hamer, D.H., Kozarsky, P., . . . Ericsson, C.D. (2017). Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of travelers’ diarrhea: A graded expert panel report. Journal of Travel Medicine, 24(Suppl. 1), S57–S74. PubMed ID: 28521004 doi:10.1093/jtm/tax02610.1093/jtm/tax060 · DOI
  38. Sazawal, S., Hiremath, G., Dhingra, U., Malik, P., Deb, S., & Black, R.E. (2006). Efficacy of probiotics in prevention of acute diarrhoea: A meta-analysis of masked, randomised, placebo-controlled trials. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 6, 374–382. PubMed ID: 16728323 doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70495-910.1016/S1473-3099(06)70495-9 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Shlim, D.R. (2005). Looking for evidence that personal hygiene precautions prevent traveler’s diarrhea. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 41(Suppl. 8), S531–S535. doi:10.1086/43294710.1086/432947 · DOI
  40. Six, C., Aboukais, S., Giron, S., D’Oliveira, J.C., Peloux-Petiot, F., Franke, F., . . . Malfait, P. (2016). Outbreak of diarrhoeal illness in participants in an obstacle adventure race, Alpes-Maritimes, France, June 2015. Eurosurveillance, 21(23), 30253. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.233025310.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.23.30253 · DOI
  41. Svendsen, I.S., Gleeson, M., Haugen, T.A., & Tønnessen, E. (2015). Effect of an intense period of competition on race performance and self-reported illness in elite cross-country skiers. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 25, 846–853. PubMed ID: 25818900 doi:10.1111/sms.1245210.1111/sms.12452 · DOI
  42. Timpka, T., Jacobsson, J., Bargoria, V., Périard, J.D., Racinais, S., Ronsen, O., . . . Alonso, J.M. (2017). Preparticipation predictors for championship injury and illness: Cohort study at the Beijing 2015 International Association of Athletics Federations World Championships. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51, 271–276. PubMed ID: 27827793 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-09658010.1136/bjsports-2016-096580 · DOI
  43. Widdowson, M.A., Monroe, S.S., & Glass, R.I. (2005). Are noroviruses emerging? Emerging Infectious Diseases, 11, 735–737. PubMed ID: 15898170 doi:10.3201/eid1105.04109010.3201/eid1105.041090 · DOI

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Castell, L. M., Nieman, D. C., Bermon, S., & Peeling, P.
Affiliations
  • University of Oxford
  • Appalachian State University
  • International Association of Athletics Federations
  • The University of Western Australia
Venue
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Publisher
Human Kinetics
Published
2019-03-01
Volume
29
Issue
2
Pages
181-188
ISSN
  • 1526-484X
  • 1543-2742
DOI
10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0288
Cited by
47
References
13

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.