Cited by 579Primate Behavior and EcologyChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentPleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology

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Apes Save Tools for Future Use

Mulcahy, Nicholas J., Call, Josep·2006·Science

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Abstract

Planning for future needs, not just current ones, is one of the most formidable human cognitive achievements. Whether this skill is a uniquely human adaptation is a controversial issue. In a study we conducted, bonobos and orangutans selected, transported, and saved appropriate tools above baseline levels to use them 1 hour later (experiment 1). Experiment 2 extended these results to a 14-hour delay between collecting and using the tools. Experiment 3 showed that seeing the apparatus during tool selection was not necessary to succeed. These findings suggest that the precursor skills for planning for the future evolved in great apes before 14 million years ago, when all extant great ape species shared a common ancestor.

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Authors: Mulcahy, N. J., & Call, J.
Affiliations: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (DE)
Corresponding author: Call, Josep
ORCID: Mulcahy, Nicholas J.
Call, Josep
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2006-05-19
Volume: 312
Issue: 5776
Pages: 1038-1040
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1125456
OpenAlex: W2033421187
Cited by: 578
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 38.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
Keywords: tool use, future planning, tool selection, bonobos, orangutans, great apes, cognitive evolution, human evolution, delay of gratification, common ancestor
MeSH terms: Animals, Association Learning, Pan troglodytes, Cognition, Biological Evolution, Mental Processes, Pongo pygmaeus, Pan paniscus

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