Cited by 1,243CRISPR and Genetic EngineeringMicrobial infections and disease researchMicrobial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction

Complete Chemical Synthesis, Assembly, and Cloning of a Mycoplasma genitalium Genome

Gibson, Daniel G., Benders, Gwynedd A., Andrews-Pfannkoch, Cynthia, Denisova, Evgeniya A., Baden-Tillson, Holly, Zaveri, Jayshree, Stockwell, Timothy B., Brownley, Anushka +9 more·2008·Science

Abstract

We have synthesized a 582,970-base pair Mycoplasma genitalium genome. This synthetic genome, named M. genitalium JCVI-1.0, contains all the genes of wild-type M. genitalium G37 except MG408, which was disrupted by an antibiotic marker to block pathogenicity and to allow for selection. To identify the genome as synthetic, we inserted "watermarks" at intergenic sites known to tolerate transposon insertions. Overlapping "cassettes" of 5 to 7 kilobases (kb), assembled from chemically synthesized oligonucleotides, were joined by in vitro recombination to produce intermediate assemblies of approximately 24 kb, 72 kb ("1/8 genome"), and 144 kb ("1/4 genome"), which were all cloned as bacterial artificial chromosomes in Escherichia coli. Most of these intermediate clones were sequenced, and clones of all four 1/4 genomes with the correct sequence were identified. The complete synthetic genome was assembled by transformation-associated recombination cloning in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, then isolated and sequenced. A clone with the correct sequence was identified. The methods described here will be generally useful for constructing large DNA molecules from chemically synthesized pieces and also from combinations of natural and synthetic DNA segments.

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Crossref · 10.1126/science.1151721

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Authors
Gibson, D. G., Benders, G. A., Andrews-Pfannkoch, C., Denisova, E. A., Baden-Tillson, H., Zaveri, J., Stockwell, T. B., Brownley, A., Thomas, D. W., Algire, M. A., Merryman, C., Young, L., Noskov, V. N., Glass, J. I., Venter, J. C., Hutchison, C. A., & Smith, H. O.
Affiliations
J. Craig Venter Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Smith, Hamilton O.
Venue
Science
Published
2008-02-29
Volume
319
Issue
5867
Pages
1215-1220
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W1996568337
Cited by
1,243
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 32 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 88
FWCI
49.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Keywords
synthetic genome, Mycoplasma genitalium, genome assembly, transformation-associated recombination, bacterial artificial chromosome, watermarks, transposon insertion sites, pathogenicity markers
MeSH terms
Base Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, DNA, Bacterial, DNA, Recombinant, Escherichia coli, Genetic Vectors, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Plasmids, Recombination, Genetic, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Transformation, Genetic, Genome, Bacterial, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast, Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial, Genomics, Mycoplasma genitalium

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