Isotopic Evidence for an Aerobic Nitrogen Cycle in the Latest Archean
Abstract
The nitrogen cycle provides essential nutrients to the biosphere, but its antiquity in modern form is unclear. In a drill core though homogeneous organic-rich shale in the 2.5-billion-year-old Mount McRae Shale, Australia, nitrogen isotope values vary from +1.0 to +7.5 per mil (per thousand) and back to +2.5 per thousand over approximately 30 meters. These changes evidently record a transient departure from a largely anaerobic to an aerobic nitrogen cycle complete with nitrification and denitrification. Complementary molybdenum abundance and sulfur isotopic values suggest that nitrification occurred in response to a small increase in surface-ocean oxygenation. These data imply that nitrifying and denitrifying microbes had already evolved by the late Archean and were present before oxygen first began to accumulate in the atmosphere.
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The whiff is recorded by spikes in Mo and Re concentrations, elevated nitrogen isotope values, and iron speciation data.
“The whiff is recorded by spikes in Mo and Re concentrations, elevated nitrogen isotope values, and iron speciation data (Anbar et al., 2007; Reinhard et al., 2009; Garvin et al., 2009);”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Garvin et al., 2009
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Self-citationNitrogen isotope constraints on the early Ediacaran ocean redox structure
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Biogeochemical Transformations in the History of the Ocean
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Self-citationLimited oxygen production in the Mesoarchean ocean
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The evolution of the global selenium cycle: Secular trends in Se isotopes and abundances
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Self-citationTransient surface ocean oxygenation recorded in the ∼2.66-Ga Jeerinah Formation, Australia
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Nitrogen cycle in the Late Archean ferruginous ocean
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Archean Microbial Mat Communities
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Mantle data imply a decline of oxidizable volcanic gases could have triggered the Great Oxidation
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Marine biogeochemical nitrogen cycling through Earth’s history
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Reconciling evidence of oxidative weathering and atmospheric anoxia on Archean Earth
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Self-citationOceanic redox evolution across the end-Permian mass extinction at Shangsi, South China
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Oxidative sulfide dissolution on the early Earth
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- Authors
- Garvin, J., Buick, R., Anbar, A. D., Arnold, G. L., & Kaufman, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Buick, Roger
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2009-02-20
- Volume
- 323
- Issue
- 5917
- Pages
- 1045-1048
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2000496027
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 13.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Keywords
- nitrogen cycling, Archean, nitrogen isotopes, nitrification, denitrification, molybdenum, sulfur isotopes, ocean oxygenation, organic-rich shale, rock core
- MeSH terms
- Aerobiosis, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Anaerobiosis, Archaea, Australia, Bacteria, Biological Evolution, Nitrates, Nitrites, Nitrogen, Nitrogen Fixation, Nitrogen Isotopes, Oceans and Seas, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen, Time, Geologic Sediments
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