Cited by 6,474Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesImmune cells in cancer

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Cancer Immunoediting: Integrating Immunity’s Roles in Cancer Suppression and Promotion

Schreiber, Robert D., Old, Lloyd J., Smyth, Mark J.·2011·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.1203486

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Abstract

Understanding how the immune system affects cancer development and progression has been one of the most challenging questions in immunology. Research over the past two decades has helped explain why the answer to this question has evaded us for so long. We now appreciate that the immune system plays a dual role in cancer: It can not only suppress tumor growth by destroying cancer cells or inhibiting their outgrowth but also promote tumor progression either by selecting for tumor cells that are more fit to survive in an immunocompetent host or by establishing conditions within the tumor microenvironment that facilitate tumor outgrowth. Here, we discuss a unifying conceptual framework called "cancer immunoediting," which integrates the immune system's dual host-protective and tumor-promoting roles.

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Authors: Schreiber, R. D., Old, L. J., & Smyth, M. J.
Affiliations: Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
The University of Melbourne (AU)
Corresponding author: Schreiber, Robert D.
ORCID: Schreiber, Robert D.
Old, Lloyd J.
Smyth, Mark J.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2011-03-25
Volume: 331
Issue: 6024
Pages: 1565-1570
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1203486
OpenAlex: W2004630197
Cited by: 6,474
References: 71
Citations by year: 2026: 325 · 2025: 369 · 2024: 470 · 2023: 560 · 2022: 562 · 2021: 604 · 2020: 567 · 2019: 488 · 2018: 404 · 2017: 433 · 2016: 429 · 2015: 372 · 2014: 278 · 2013: 318 · 2012: 224
FWCI: 26.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
Keywords: cancer immunoediting, tumor immune evasion, tumor suppression, tumor promotion, tumor microenvironment, tumor immunology, tumor progression, immune surveillance
MeSH terms: Animals, Antigens, Neoplasm, Humans, Immune System, Immune Tolerance, Immunity, Innate, Immunologic Surveillance, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Prognosis, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating, Immunocompromised Host, Models, Immunological, Tumor Escape, Mice, Adaptive Immunity

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Cancer Immunoediting: Integrating Immunity’s Roles in Cancer Suppression and Promotion

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