The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Induction of Direct Antimicrobial Activity Through Mammalian Toll-Like Receptors
Abstract
The mammalian innate immune system retains from Drosophila a family of homologous Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that mediate responses to microbial ligands. Here, we show that TLR2 activation leads to killing of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis in both mouse and human macrophages, through distinct mechanisms. In mouse macrophages, bacterial lipoprotein activation of TLR2 leads to a nitric oxide–dependent killing of intracellular tubercle bacilli, but in human monocytes and alveolar macrophages, this pathway was nitric oxide–independent. Thus, mammalian TLRs respond (as Drosophila Toll receptors do) to microbial ligands and also have the ability to activate antimicrobial effector pathways at the site of infection.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Identification of nitric oxide synthase as a protective locus against tuberculosis
MacMicking, J. D., North, R. J., LaCourse, R., Mudgett, J. S., Shah, S. K., & Nathan, C. F. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.10.5243 · Cited by 1,180
Cited by
Takeda, K., Kaisho, T., & Akira, S. (2003) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126 · Cited by 6,143
Self-citationToll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity
Akira, S., Takeda, K., & Kaisho, T. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/90609 · Cited by 4,777
Self-citationToll-like receptors and innate immunity
Medzhitov, R. (2001) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/35100529 · Cited by 4,308
Toll-Like Receptor Triggering of a Vitamin D-Mediated Human Antimicrobial Response
Liu, P. T., Stenger, S., Li, H., Wenzel, L., Tan, B. H., Krutzik, S. R., Ochoa, M. T., Schauber, J., Wu, K., Meinken, C., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1123933 · Cited by 3,924
Self-citationNitric oxide and the immune response
Bogdan, C. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1001-907 · Cited by 3,447
Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response
Medzhitov, R. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06246 · Cited by 2,862
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Molecular Determinants of Virulence
Smith, I. (2003) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.16.3.463-496.2003 · Cited by 1,154
Phagocytosis of Microbes: Complexity in Action
Underhill, D. M., & Ozinsky, A. (2002) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.103001.114744 · Cited by 1,124
Immune Control of Tuberculosis by IFN-γ-Inducible LRG-47
MacMicking, J. D., Taylor, G. A., & McKinney, J. D. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1088063 · Cited by 685
El Kasmi, K. C., Qualls, J. E., Pesce, J. T., Smith, A. M., Thompson, R. W., Henao-Tamayo, M., Basaraba, R. J., König, T., Schleicher, U., Koo, M.-S., et al. (2008) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1671 · Cited by 646
“TLR and interferon pathways synergistically trigger NO production by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that enhance expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the enzyme responsible for NO production from arginine in macrophage”
BackgroundBafica, A., Scanga, C. A., Feng, C. G., Leifer, C., Cheever, A., & Sher, A. (2005) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20051782 · Cited by 601
Stanley, S. A., Raghavan, S., Hwang, W. W., & Cox, J. S. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2235593100 · Cited by 570
Self- and nonself-recognition by C-type lectins on dendritic cells
Geijtenbeek, T. B. H., van Vliet, S. J., Engering, A., 't Hart, B. A., & van Kooyk, Y. (2004) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104558 · Cited by 503
Toll-like receptors induce a phagocytic gene program through p38
Doyle, S. E., O'Connell, R. M., Miranda, G. A., Vaidya, S. A., Chow, E. K., Liu, P. T., Suzuki, S., Suzuki, N., Modlin, R. L., Yeh, W.-C., et al. (2004) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20031237 · Cited by 433
Self-citationRegulation of antigen presentation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a role for Toll-like receptors
Harding, C. V., & Boom, W. H. (2010) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2321 · Cited by 435
Reiling, N., Hölscher, C., Fehrenbach, A., Kröger, S., Kirschning, C. J., Goyert, S., & Ehlers, S. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.7.3480 · Cited by 352
MicroRNA-155 Promotes Autophagy to Eliminate Intracellular Mycobacteria by Targeting Rheb
Wang, J., Yang, K., Zhou, L., MinhaoWu, Wu, Y., Zhu, M., Lai, X., Chen, T., Feng, L., Li, M., et al. (2013) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003697 · Cited by 265
Vitamin D and the intracrinology of innate immunity
Hewison, M. (2010) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2010.02.013 · Cited by 230
Innate Immunity and Its Regulation by Mast Cells
St. John, A. L., & Abraham, S. N. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1203420 · Cited by 220
The physiological regulation of toll‐like receptor expression and function in humans
Lancaster, G. I., Khan, Q., Drysdale, P., Wallace, F., Jeukendrup, A. E., Drayson, M. T., & Gleeson, M. (2005) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.081224 · Cited by 176
Bailey, M. T., Engler, H., Powell, N. D., Padgett, D. A., & Sheridan, J. F. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00307.2007 · Cited by 124
miR-24, miR-30b, and miR-142-3p Regulate Phagocytosis in Myeloid Inflammatory Cells
Naqvi, A. R., Fordham, J. B., & Nares, S. (2015) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1401893 · Cited by 124
Parasite-specific immunomodulatory functions of filarial cystatin
Schierack, P., Lucius, R., Sonnenburg, B., Schilling, K., & Hartmann, S. (2003) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.71.5.2422-2429.2003 · Cited by 119
Toll-like receptors in skin infections and inflammatory diseases
Lai, Y., & Gallo, R. (2008) · Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871526510808030144 · Cited by 119
Voltan, S., Castagliuolo, I., Elli, M., Longo, S., Brun, P., D'Incà, R., Porzionato, A., Macchi, V., Palù, G., Sturniolo, G. C., et al. (2007) · Clinical and Vaccine Immunology · doi:10.1128/cvi.00079-07 · Cited by 96
Holla, S., Kurowska-Stolarska, M., Bayry, J., & Balaji, K. N. (2014) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/auto.27225 · Cited by 76
New Insights into the Interaction of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Human Macrophages
Bruns, H., & Stenger, S. (2014) · Future Microbiology · doi:10.2217/fmb.13.164 · Cited by 47
Self-citationSilva-Gomes, S., Bouton, C., Silva, T., Santambrogio, P., Rodrigues, P., Appelberg, R., & Gomes, M. S. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082874 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Thoma-Uszynski, S., Stenger, S., Takeuchi, O., Ochoa, M. T., Engele, M., Sieling, P. A., Barnes, P. F., Röllinghoff, M., Bölcskei, P. L., Wagner, M., Akira, S., Norgard, M. V., Belisle, J. T., Godowski, P. J., Bloom, B. R., & Modlin, R. L.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2001-02-23
- Volume
- 291
- Issue
- 5508
- Pages
- 1544-1547
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2161273761
- Cited by
- 729
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 16.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
