Isolation of New Ribozymes from a Large Pool of Random Sequences
Abstract
An iterative in vitro selection procedure was used to isolate a new class of catalytic RNAs (ribozymes) from a large pool of random-sequence RNA molecules. These ribozymes ligate two RNA molecules that are aligned on a template by catalyzing the attack of a 3'-hydroxyl on an adjacent 5'-triphosphate--a reaction similar to that employed by the familiar protein enzymes that synthesize RNA. The corresponding uncatalyzed reaction also yields a 3',5'-phosphodiester bond. In vitro evolution of the population of new ribozymes led to improvement of the average ligation activity and the emergence of ribozymes with reaction rates 7 million times faster than the uncatalyzed reaction rate.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Evolution of catalytic RNA from mixtures of random sequences was demonstrated in the laboratory, but using purified nucleoside triphosphates and multiple enzymes.
“Evolution of catalytic RNA from mixtures of random sequences was demonstrated by Bartel and Szostak (1993) and Horning and Joyce (2016), but these were laboratory experiments using purified nucleoside triphosphates as a source of energy, and the reactions were catalyzed by multiple enzymes.”
From The Hot Spring Hypothesis for an Origin of Life (2020) · cites this paper as Bartel and Szostak (1993)
Bartel and Szostak demonstrated that 300mers of RNA starting from entirely random sequences can evolve ligase activity by a process of selection and amplification.
“Bartel and Szostak (1993) demonstrated that 300mers of RNA starting from entirely random sequences can evolve ligase activity by a process of selection and amplification.”
From The Hot Spring Hypothesis for an Origin of Life (2020) · cites this paper as Bartel and Szostak (1993)
Work involving ribozymes developed through in vitro evolution makes clear that an RNA replicase ribozyme could have existed.
“The possibility that an RNA replicase ribozyme could have existed has been made abundantly clear by work involving ribozymes that have been developed through in vitro evolution”
From Protocells and RNA Self-Replication (2018) · cites this paper as Bartel and Szostak 1993
R18 is an approximately 200-nucleotide ribozyme derived from a de novo ligase ribozyme and can extend RNA primers by up to 14 nucleotides using NTPs.
“R18 is a ribozyme, approximately 200 nucleotides (nt) long, derived from a ligase ribozyme generated de novo from a random RNA sequence pool12,13, and can catalyse the templated extension of RNA primers by up to 14 nucleotides (nts) using nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs)9.”
From In-ice evolution of RNA polymerase ribozyme activity (2013) · cites this paper as [12]
Cites
Somatic generation of antibody diversity
Tonegawa, S. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/302575a0 · Cited by 4,005 · see citing works
Somatic generation of antibody diversity.
Matthyssens, G., Hozumi, N., & Tonegawa, S. (1976) · PubMed · Cited by 3,237 · see citing works
Dawson, R. M. C. (1987) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology · doi:10.1016/0300-9629(87)90411-7 · Cited by 2,961 · see citing works
Randomization of genes by PCR mutagenesis.Preprint
Cadwell, R. C., & Joyce, G. F. (1992) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.2.1.28 · Cited by 1,071 · see citing works
At the Crossroads of Chemistry and Immunology: Catalytic Antibodies
Lerner, R. A., Benkovic, S. J., & Schultz, P. G. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2024118 · Cited by 668 · see citing works
RNA evolution and the origins of life
Joyce, G. F. (1989) · Nature · doi:10.1038/338217a0 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Architecture of ribosomal RNA: constraints on the sequence of "tetra-loops".
Woese, C. R., Winker, S., & Gutell, R. R. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.21.8467 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Directed Evolution of an RNA Enzyme
Beaudry, A. A., & Joyce, G. F. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1496376 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Herschlag, D., & Cech, T. R. (1990) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00496a003 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
RNA catalysis and the origins of life
Orgel, L. E. (1986) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5193(86)80149-7 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
RNA-catalysed synthesis of complementary-strand RNA
Doudna, J. A., & Szostak, J. W. (1989) · Nature · doi:10.1038/339519a0 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationA small metalloribozyme with a two-step mechanism
Pan, T., & Uhlenbeck, O. C. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/358560a0 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Oligomerization of (guanosine 5′-phosphor)-2-methylimidazolide on poly(C)
Inoue, T., & Orgel, L. E. (1982) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-2836(82)90169-3 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
In vitro selection of RNAs that undergo autolytic cleavage with lead(2+)
Pan, T., & Uhlenbeck, O. C. (1992) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00131a001 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Evolution in vitro of an RNA enzyme with altered metal dependence
Lehman, N., & Joyce, G. F. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/361182a0 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Characterization of T7-specific Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase
Golomb, M., & Chamberlin, M. J. (1974) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42709-9 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Szostak, J. W. (1992) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/0968-0004(92)90242-2 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationVolckaert, G., & Fiers, W. C. (1977) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(77)90531-0 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
ORIGIN OF IMMUNE DIVERSITY: GENETIC VARIATION AND SELECTION
Honjo, T., & Habu, S. (1985) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.004103 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Selection of a Ribozyme That Functions as a Superior Template in a Self-Copying Reaction
Green, R., & Szostak, J. W. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1470913 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationA multisubunit ribozyme that is a catalyst of and template for complementary strand RNA synthesis
Doudna, J. A., Couture, S., & Szostak, J. W. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1707185 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationAntibody catalysis approaching the activity of enzymes
Tramontano, A., Ammann, A. A., & Lerner, R. A. (1988) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja00215a045 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Catalysis of accurate poly(C)-directed synthesis of 3′-5′-linked oligoguanylates by Zn2+
Bridson, P. K., & Orgel, L. E. (1980) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-2836(80)90337-x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
RNA as an RNA Polymerase: Net Elongation of an RNA Primer Catalyzed by the Tetrahymena Ribozyme
Been, M. D., & Cech, T. R. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2450400 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Origin of Immune Diversity: Genetic Variation and Selection
Honjo, T. (1985) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.54.1.803 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
An Unexpectedly Efficient Catalytic Antibody Operating by Ping-Pong and Induced Fit Mechanisms
Wirsching, P., Ashley, J. A., Benkovic, S. J., Janda, K. D., & Lerner, R. A. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2024120 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
New reactions catalyzed by a group II intron ribozyme with RNA and DNA substrates
Mörl, M., Niemer, I., & Schmelzer, C. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90313-2 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Activation of the catalytic core of a group I intron by a remote 3' splice junction.Preprint
Michel, F., Jaeger, L., Westhof, É., Kuras, R., Tihy, F., Xu, M. Q., & Shub, D. A. (1992) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.6.8.1373 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
genetic analysis: Selection and amplification of rare functional nucleic acids
Green, R., Ellington, A. D., Bartel, D. P., & Szostak, J. W. (1991) · Methods · doi:10.1016/s1046-2023(05)80127-6 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationGrosshans, P. B., Shields, P. J., & Marshall, A. G. (1990) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja00159a075 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Heteropolynucleotides as templates for non-enzymatic polymerizations
Ninio, J., & Orgel, L. E. (1978) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf01733260 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Formation of nucleoside 5′-polyphosphates from nucleotides and trimetaphosphate
Lohrmann, R. (1975) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf01794633 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Functional Nucleic Acid Sensors
Liu, J., Cao, Z. C., & Lu, Y. (2009) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr030183i · Cited by 2,188 · see citing works
Aptamers: An Emerging Class of Molecules That Rival Antibodies in Diagnostics
Jayasena, S. D. (1999) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/45.9.1628 · Cited by 2,146 · see citing works
Rapid evolution of a protein in vitro by DNA shuffling
Stemmer, W. P. C. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/370389a0 · Cited by 1,932 · see citing works
Lowary, P. T., & Widom, J. (1998) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1494 · Cited by 1,782 · see citing works
Szostak, J. W., Bartel, D. P., & Luisi, P. L. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35053176 · Cited by 1,681 · see citing works
Self-citationStemmer, W. P. C. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.22.10747 · Cited by 1,284 · see citing works
A DNA Aptamer That Binds Adenosine and ATP
Huizenga, D. E., & Szostak, J. W. (1995) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00002a033 · Cited by 1,274 · see citing works
Self-citationIn Vitro Selection of Functional Nucleic Acids
Wilson, D. S., & Szostak, J. W. (1999) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.611 · Cited by 1,209 · see citing works
Self-citationRNA-peptide fusions for the in vitro selection of peptides and proteins
Roberts, R. W., & Szostak, J. W. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.23.12297 · Cited by 1,108 · see citing works
Self-citationThe antiquity of RNA-based evolution.
Joyce, G. F. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/418214a · Cited by 1,070 · see citing works
Prebiotic Systems Chemistry: New Perspectives for the Origins of Life
Ruiz-Mirazo, K., Briones, C., & de la Escosura, A. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr2004844 · Cited by 930 · see citing works
Kawecki, T. J., Lenski, R. E., Ebert, D., Hollis, B., Olivieri, I., & Whitlock, M. C. (2012) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2012.06.001 · Cited by 807 · see citing works
RNA sequence analysis using covariance models
Eddy, S. R., & Durbin, R. M. (1994) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/22.11.2079 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
RNA-catalyzed RNA polymerization: Accurate and general RNA-templated primer extension.
Johnston, W. K., Unrau, P. J., Lawrence, M. S., Glasner, M. E., & Bartel, D. P. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1060786 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
Self-citationSTRUCTURES OF TERNARY COMPLEXES OF RAT DNA POLYMERASE BETA, A DNA TEMPLATE-PRIMER, AND DDCTP
Pelletier, H., Sawaya, M. R., Kumar, A., Wilson, S. H., & Kraut, J. (1994) · Worldwide Protein Data Bank · doi:10.2210/pdb2bpf/pdb · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Self-Sustained Replication of an RNA Enzyme
Lincoln, T. A., & Joyce, G. F. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1167856 · Cited by 670 · see citing works
Borate Minerals Stabilize Ribose
Ricardo, A., Carrigan, M. A., Olcott, A. N., & Benner, S. A. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1092464 · Cited by 646 · see citing works
Wang, F., Lü, C., & Willner, I. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr400354z · Cited by 647 · see citing works
An Efficient Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation Method
Wang, Z., Tu, Y., Frohn, M. J., Zhang, J., & Shi, Y. (1997) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja972272g · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Structures of Ternary Complexes of Rat DNA Polymerase β, a DNA Template-Primer, and ddCTP
Pelletier, H., Sawaya, M. R., Kumar, A., Wilson, S. H., & Kraut, J. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7516580 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Langton, C. G. (1995) · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Robertson, M. P., & Joyce, G. F. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a003608 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Engineered riboregulators enable post-transcriptional control of gene expression
Isaacs, F. J., Dwyer, D. J., Ding, C., Pervouchine, D. D., Cantor, C. R., & Collins, J. J. (2004) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt986 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Nucleic Acid Selection and the Challenge of Combinatorial Chemistry
Osborne, S. E., & Ellington, A. D. (1997) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr960009c · Cited by 520 · see citing works
An in vitro polysome display system for identifying ligands from very large peptide libraries.
Mattheakis, L. C., Bhatt, R. R., & Dower, W. J. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.19.9022 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
The Hot Spring Hypothesis for an Origin of Life
Damer, B., & Deamer, D. (2020) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2019.2045 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
“Bartel and Szostak (1993) demonstrated that 300mers of RNA starting from entirely random sequences can evolve ligase activity by a process of selection and amplification.”
BackgroundOrigins of building blocks of life: A review
Kitadai, N., & Maruyama, S. (2018) · Geoscience Frontiers · doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2017.07.007 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Plasticity, evolvability, and modularity in RNA
Ancel, L. W., & Fontana, W. (2000) · Journal of Experimental Zoology · doi:10.1002/1097-010x(20001015)288:3 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Directed Evolution of Nucleic Acid Enzymes
Joyce, G. F. (2004) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073717 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
An Efficient Asymmetric Epoxidation Method for trans-Olefins Mediated by a Fructose-Derived Ketone
Tu, Y., Wang, Z., & Shi, Y. (1996) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja962345g · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Structurally Complex and Highly Active RNA Ligases Derived from Random RNA Sequences
Ekland, E. H., Szostak, J. W., & Bartel, D. P. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7618102 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Self-citationRibozyme-catalyzed transcription of an active ribozyme
Wochner, A., Attwater, J., Coulson, A., & Holliger, P. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1200752 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Understanding Nucleic Acids Using Synthetic Chemistry
Benner, S. A. (2004) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar040004z · Cited by 377 · see citing works
RNA-catalysed carbon–carbon bond formation
Tarasow, T. M., Tarasow, S. L., & Eaton, B. E. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/37950 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Is there a common chemical model for life in the universe?
Benner, S. A., Ricardo, A., & Carrigan, M. A. (2004) · Current Opinion in Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2004.10.003 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Protocells and RNA Self-Replication
Joyce, G. F., & Szostak, J. W. (2018) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a034801 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Self-citationPterin-Dependent Amino Acid Hydroxylases
Kappock, T. J., & Caradonna, J. P. (1996) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr9402034 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Supramolecular Coordination Chemistry and Functional Microporous Molecular Materials
Dinolfo, P. H., & Hupp, J. T. (2001) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm010176f · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Progress Toward Synthetic Cells
Blain, J. C., & Szostak, J. W. (2014) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-080411-124036 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Self-citationPeptide bond formation by in vitro selected ribozymes
Zhang, B., & Cech, T. R. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/36375 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
RNA-catalysed nucleotide synthesis
Unrau, P. J., & Bartel, D. P. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/26193 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Self-citationDamer, B., & Deamer, D. (2015) · Life · doi:10.3390/life5010872 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Forty Years of In Vitro Evolution
Joyce, G. F. (2007) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200701369 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
RNA-seq: technical variability and sampling
McIntyre, L. M., Lopiano, K. K., Morse, A. M., Amin, V., Oberg, A. L., Young, L. J., & Nuzhdin, S. V. (2011) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12-293 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
In-ice evolution of RNA polymerase ribozyme activity
Attwater, J., Wochner, A., & Holliger, P. (2013) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/nchem.1781 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
“The G93A and C97A mutations that provide the main cold-specific activity boost are located in the single-stranded linker region of the ribozyme between the catalytic core (1-90) and the processivity domain (105-187).”
BackgroundNutiu, R., & Li, Y. (2004) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.200305470 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
All you wanted to know about SELEX
Klug, S. J., & Famulok, M. (1994) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/bf00996358 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Catalysts from synthetic genetic polymers
Taylor, A. I., Pinheiro, V. B., Smola, M. J., Morgunov, A. S., Peak‐Chew, S., Cozens, C., Weeks, K. M., Herdewijn, P. A., & Holliger, P. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13982 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
In vitro evolution of new ribozymes with polynucleotide kinase activity
Lorsch, J. R., & Szostak, J. W. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/371031a0 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Self-citationIn vitro evolution of a self-alkylatlng ribozyme
Wilson, C., & Szostak, J. W. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/374777a0 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Self-citationCritical Analysis of Antibody Catalysis
Hilvert, D. (2000) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.69.1.751 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
The search for the chemistry of life's origin
Eschenmoser, A. (2007) · Tetrahedron · doi:10.1016/j.tet.2007.10.012 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Elucidating the molecular architecture of adaptation via evolve and resequence experiments
Long, A. D., Liti, G., Lupták, A., & Tenaillon, O. (2015) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3937 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Oligonucleotides as Research, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Agents
Gold, L. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.23.13581 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Fundamental studies of functional nucleic acids: aptamers, riboswitches, ribozymes and DNAzymes
Micura, R., & Höbartner, C. (2020) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d0cs00617c · Cited by 264 · see citing works
MECHANISTIC ASPECTS OF ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS: Lessons from Comparison of RNA and Protein Enzymes
Narlikar, G. J., & Herschlag, D. (1997) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.66.1.19 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
RNA-catalysed RNA polymerization using nucleoside triphosphates
Ekland, E. H., & Bartel, D. P. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382373a0 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citationA self-replicating ligase ribozyme
Paul, N., & Joyce, G. F. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.202471099 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Jeffares, D. C., Poole, A. M., & Penny, D. (1998) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/pl00006280 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Neutralizing Aptamers from Whole-Cell SELEX Inhibit the RET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
Cerchia, L., Ducongè, F., Pestourie, C., Boulay, J., Aissouni, Y., Gombert, K., Tavitian, B., de Franciscis, V., & Libri, D. (2005) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030123 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
RetractedIn vitro selection of an allosteric ribozyme that transduces analytes to amplicons
Robertson, M. P., & Ellington, A. D. (1999) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/5236 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Ribozyme-catalysed amino-acid transfer reactions
Lohse, P. A., & Szostak, J. W. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/381442a0 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Self-citationIn Vitro Selection of Catalytic Polynucleotides
Breaker, R. R. (1997) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr960008k · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Selection and evolution of enzymes from a partially randomized non-catalytic scaffold
Seelig, B., & Szostak, J. W. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06032 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Self-citationSynthesis, structure and activity of artificial, rationally designed catalytic polypeptides
Johnsson, K., Allemann, R. K., Widmer, H., & Benner, S. A. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365530a0 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Simmel, F. C., & Dittmer, W. U. (2005) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.200400111 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Bernardo-Gusmão, K., Leppard, S. J., Robert, A., Commenges, G., Dahan, F., & Meunier, B. (1996) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ic950700i · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Isolation of RNA Aptamers for Biological Cofactors by In Vitro Selection
Burgstaller, P., & Famulok, M. (1994) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English · doi:10.1002/anie.199410841 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Homochiral imperative of molecular evolution
Siegel, J. S. (1998) · Chirality · doi:10.1002/chir.5 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Continuous in Vitro Evolution of Catalytic Function
Wright, M. C., & Joyce, G. F. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.276.5312.614 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Selection of an improved RNA polymerase ribozyme with superior extension and fidelity
Zaher, H. S., & Unrau, P. J. (2007) · RNA · doi:10.1261/rna.548807 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
In vitro selection of RNA aptamers specific for cyanocobalamin
Lorsch, J. R., & Szostak, J. W. (1994) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00170a016 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citationMiniaturizing chemistry and biology in microdroplets
Kelly, B. T., Baret, J., Taly, V., & Griffiths, A. D. (2007) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/b616252e · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Ribozyme Catalysis of Metabolism in the RNA World
Chen, X., Li, N., & Ellington, A. D. (2007) · Chemistry & Biodiversity · doi:10.1002/cbdv.200790055 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Engineering Biological Systems with Synthetic RNA Molecules
Liang, J. C., Bloom, R. J., & Smolke, C. D. (2011) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2011.08.023 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
In Vitro Selection of Dopamine RNA Ligands
Mannironi, C., Nardo, A. D., Fruscoloni, P., & Tocchini‐Valentini, G. P. (1997) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi9700633 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Modified RNA sequence pools forin vitroselection
Lin, Y. H., Qiu, Q., Gill, S. C., & Jayasena, S. D. (1994) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/22.24.5229 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Fontana, W. (2002) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.10190 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Isolation of high-affinity GTP aptamers from partially structured RNA libraries
Davis, J. H., & Szostak, J. W. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.182095699 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Self-citationFitzwater, T., & Polisky, B. A. (1996) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(96)67019-0 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Unnatural Selection in Chemical Systems
Orgel, L. E. (1995) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar00051a004 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Deoxyribozymes with 2‘−5‘ RNA Ligase Activity
Flynn-Charlebois, A., Wang, Y., Prior, T. K., Rashid, I., Manthei, K. A., Coppins, R. L., Wolf, A. C., & Silverman, S. K. (2003) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja028774y · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Atomic level architecture of group I introns revealed
Vicens, Q., & Cech, T. R. (2005) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2005.11.008 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Collman, J. P., Zeng, L., & Brauman, J. I. (2004) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ic035360c · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Expanding the Scope of RNA Catalysis
Prudent, J. R., Uno, T., & Schultz, P. G. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8009223 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Genetic Code Expansion: A Brief History and Perspective
Shandell, M. A., Tan, Z., & Cornish, V. W. (2021) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00286 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Juneau, K., Podell, E. R., Harrington, D. J., & Cech, T. R. (2001) · Structure · doi:10.1016/s0969-2126(01)00579-2 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Abiotic synthesis of purine and pyrimidine ribonucleosides in aqueous microdroplets
Nam, I., Nam, H. G., & Zare, R. N. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1718559115 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Freeze-thaw cycles as drivers of complex ribozyme assembly
Mutschler, H., Wochner, A., & Holliger, P. (2015) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/nchem.2251 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
The Narrow Road to the Deep Past: In Search of the Chemistry of the Origin of Life
Szostak, J. W. (2017) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201704048 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationToward a general theory of evolution: Extending Darwinian theory to inanimate matter
Pross, A. (2011) · Journal of Systems Chemistry · doi:10.1186/1759-2208-2-1 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
A guide to the design and use of mismatched and degenerate primers.Preprint
Kwok, S., Chang, S. Y., Sninsky, J. J., & Wang, A. (1994) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.3.4.s39 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Selection of RNA amide synthases
Wiegand, T. W., Janssen, R. C., & Eaton, B. E. (1997) · Chemistry & Biology · doi:10.1016/s1074-5521(97)90223-4 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Crystal structure of a DNA catalyst
Ponce-Salvatierra, A., Wawrzyniak-Turek, K., Steuerwald, U., Höbartner, C., & Peña, V. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16471 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Applications of DNA shuffling to pharmaceuticals and vaccines
Patten, P. A., Howard, R. J., & Stemmer, W. P. C. (1997) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0958-1669(97)80127-9 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
In vitro evolution of nucleic acids
Joyce, G. F. (1994) · Current Opinion in Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0959-440x(94)90100-7 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
An in vitro evolved precursor tRNA with aminoacylation activity
Saito, H., Kourouklis, D., & Suga, H. (2001) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/20.7.1797 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
SELEX experiments: New prospects, applications and data analysis in inferring regulatory pathways
Djordjević, M. (2007) · Biomolecular Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.bioeng.2007.03.001 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Aptamers from random sequence space: Accomplishments, gaps and future considerations
Qian, S., Chang, D., He, S., & Li, Y. (2022) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2022.339511 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Exponential DNA Replication by Laminar Convection
Dieter, B., Goddard, N. L., & Libchaber, A. J. (2003) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.158103 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bartel, D. P., & Szostak, J. W.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1993-09-10
- Volume
- 261
- Issue
- 5127
- Pages
- 1411-1418
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1980461160
- Cited by
- 900
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 17.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Keywords
- ribozymes, in vitro selection, RNA ligation, in vitro evolution, RNA self-splicing
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, Catalysis, Biological Evolution, Kinetics, Magnesium, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Oligoribonucleotides, RNA Ligase (ATP), RNA, Temperature, Templates, Genetic, RNA, Catalytic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
