The DOI matches its Crossref record; 103 of the 103 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers
Abstract
Food's environmental impacts are created by millions of diverse producers. To identify solutions that are effective under this heterogeneity, we consolidated data covering five environmental indicators; 38,700 farms; and 1600 processors, packaging types, and retailers. Impact can vary 50-fold among producers of the same product, creating substantial mitigation opportunities. However, mitigation is complicated by trade-offs, multiple ways for producers to achieve low impacts, and interactions throughout the supply chain. Producers have limits on how far they can reduce impacts. Most strikingly, impacts of the lowest-impact animal products typically exceed those of vegetable substitutes, providing new evidence for the importance of dietary change. Cumulatively, our findings support an approach where producers monitor their own impacts, flexibly meet environmental targets by choosing from multiple practices, and communicate their impacts to consumers.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Most previous studies on sustainable meat have examined a limited range of aspects (e.g., Clark and Tilman 2017; Poore and Nemecek 2018)”
From Delivering “less but better” meat in practice—a case study of a farm in agroecological transition (2022) · cites this paper as Poore and Nemecek 2018
In the citing paper
“agricultural production-consumption cycle (including agricultural and food waste generation) contribute significant to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of about one-third annually which is a significant contribution for a single sector (3).”
From Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Banana Peel Briquetting (2024) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Algae also demonstrate superior land efficiency over several plant-based sources, with nuts requiring 7.9 m2, pulses 7.3 m2, grains 4.6 m2, and peas 3.4 m2 of land per kg of protein [10].”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“In terms of land-use efficiency, algal proteins require substantially less land than both animal- and plant-derived protein sources.”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Existing global comparisons of pasture-finished and grain-finished systems are incomplete as they do not account for both carbon opportunity cost and soil carbon sequestration.”
From Carbon opportunity cost increases carbon footprint advantage of grain-finished beef (2023) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Reviews and meta-analyses of these studies conclude that pasture-finished systems have higher average production emissions [4, 6, 7].”
From Carbon opportunity cost increases carbon footprint advantage of grain-finished beef (2023) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Most life-cycle assessments comparing the carbon footprint of beef production systems have been limited to production emissions.”
From Carbon opportunity cost increases carbon footprint advantage of grain-finished beef (2023) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Recent meta-analyses show that pasture-finished systems have higher land-use intensity (measured as area per unit production) on average, since the amount of pasture needed in the finishing stage of pasture-finished cattle is much larger than the amount of cropland needed to provide grain for the finishing stage of grain-finished cattle [4, 6].”
From Carbon opportunity cost increases carbon footprint advantage of grain-finished beef (2023) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“with 4.2 Gt CO2-eq year−1 from enteric fermentation, manure and pasture management, and fuel use in livestock production, 3.6 Gt CO2-eq year−1 from synthetic N fertilizer application and crop production for human and animal food, and 3.3 Gt CO2-eq year−1 from changes in land use for crop-livestock production systems.114”
From Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality (2021) · cites this paper as [114]
Citations
Cites
Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas
Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G., & Jarvis, A. (2005) · International Journal of Climatology · doi:10.1002/joc.1276 · Cited by 19,860
Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet
Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockström, J., Cornell, S. E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E. M., Biggs, R., Carpenter, S. R., de Vries, W., de Wit, C. A., et al. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1259855 · Cited by 12,527
Food Security: The Challenge of Feeding 9 Billion People
Godfray, H. C. J., Beddington, J. R., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J. F., Pretty, J., Robinson, S., Thomas, S. M., & Toulmin, C. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1185383 · Cited by 11,943
High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change
Hansen, M. C., Potapov, P. V., Moore, R., Hancher, M., Turubanova, S. A., Tyukavina, A., Thau, D., Stehman, S. V., Goetz, S. J., Loveland, T. R., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1244693 · Cited by 11,704
Solutions for a cultivated planet
Foley, J. A., Ramankutty, N., Brauman, K. A., Cassidy, E. S., Gerber, J. S., Johnston, M., Mueller, N. D., O’Connell, C., Ray, D. K., West, P. C., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10452 · Cited by 8,476
The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology
Wernet, G., Bauer, C., Steubing, B., Reinhard, J., Moreno-Ruiz, E., & Weidema, B. (2016) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-016-1087-8 · Cited by 5,564
(2011) · FAO eBooks · Cited by 3,368
Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health
Tilman, D., & Clark, M. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13959 · Cited by 3,026
The green, blue and grey water footprint of crops and derived crop products
Mekonnen, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2011) · Hydrology and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-15-1577-2011 · Cited by 3,023
Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks
Hockstad, L., & Hanel, L. (2018) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.15485/1464240 · Cited by 2,863
(2013) · Cited by 2,540
Groundwater use for irrigation – a global inventory
Siebert, S., Burke, J. J., Faurès, J. M., Frenken, K., Hoogeveen, J., Döll, P., & Portmann, F. T. (2010) · Hydrology and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-14-1863-2010 · Cited by 2,065
Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models
Akagi, S. K., Yokelson, R. J., Wiedinmyer, C., Alvarado, M. J., Reid, J. S., Karl, T., Crounse, J. D., & Wennberg, P. O. (2011) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-11-4039-2011 · Cited by 2,047
(2006) · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) · Cited by 1,982
Farming the planet: 1. Geographic distribution of global agricultural lands in the year 2000
Ramankutty, N., Evan, A. T., Monfreda, C., & Foley, J. A. (2008) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2007gb002952 · Cited by 1,942
Portmann, F. T., Siebert, S., & Döll, P. (2010) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2008gb003435 · Cited by 1,586
Freshwater Methane Emissions Offset the Continental Carbon Sink
Bastviken, D., Tranvik, L. J., Downing, J., Crill, P., & Enrich‐Prast, A. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1196808 · Cited by 1,556
Anthropogenic transformation of the biomes, 1700 to 2000
Ellis, E. C., Klein Goldewijk, K., Siebert, S., Lightman, D., & Ramankutty, N. (2010) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x · Cited by 1,543
Emerging approaches, challenges and opportunities in life cycle assessment
Hellweg, S., & Canals, L. M. I. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1248361 · Cited by 1,530
Carbon emissions from land use and land-cover change
Houghton, R. A., House, J. I., Pongratz, J., van der Werf, G. R., DeFries, R., Hansen, M. C., Quéré, C. L., & Ramankutty, N. (2012) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-9-5125-2012 · Cited by 1,437
An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries
Hosonuma, N., Herold, M., De Sy, V., De Fries, R. S., Brockhaus, M., Verchot, L., Angelsen, A., & Romijn, E. (2012) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044009 · Cited by 1,366
Pursuing sustainable productivity with millions of smallholder farmers
Cui, Z., Zhang, H., Chen, X., Zhang, C., Ma, W., Huang, C., Zhang, W., Mi, G., Miao, Y., Li, X., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature25785 · Cited by 1,336
Analysis and valuation of the health and climate change cobenefits of dietary change
Springmann, M., Godfray, H. C. J., Rayner, M., & Scarborough, P. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1523119113 · Cited by 1,262
Herrero, M., Havlík, P., Valin, H., Notenbaert, A., Rufino, M. C., Thornton, P. K., Blümmel, M., Weiss, F., Grace, D., & Obersteiner, M. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1308149110 · Cited by 1,254
Comparing environmental impacts for livestock products: A review of life cycle assessments
de Vries, M., & de Boer, I. J. M. (2009) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2009.11.007 · Cited by 1,237
Harmonized World Soil Database version 2.0
FAO, & IIASA (2023) · doi:10.4060/cc3823en · Cited by 1,102
Livestock: On our plates or eating at our table? A new analysis of the feed/food debate
Mottet, A., de Haan, C., Falcucci, A., Tempio, G., Opio, C., & Gerber, P. (2017) · Global Food Security · doi:10.1016/j.gfs.2017.01.001 · Cited by 1,034
Systematic review of greenhouse gas emissions for different fresh food categories
Clune, S., Crossin, E., & Verghese, K. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.082 · Cited by 1,017
Stehfest, E., & Bouwman, L. (2006) · Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10705-006-9000-7 · Cited by 994
Clark, M., & Tilman, D. (2017) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cd5 · Cited by 989
Towards global phosphorus security: A systems framework for phosphorus recovery and reuse options
Cordell, D., Rosemarin, A. S., Schröder, J. J., & Smit, A. L. (2011) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.032 · Cited by 920
Lal, R. (2018) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.14054 · Cited by 900
Boulay, A.-M., Bare, J., Benini, L., Berger, M., Lathuillière, M. J., Manzardo, A., Margni, M., Motoshita, M., Núñez, M., Pastor, A. V., et al. (2018) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-017-1333-8 · Cited by 849
Climate benefits of changing diet
Stehfest, E., Bouwman, L., van Vuuren, D. P., den Elzen, M. G. J., Eickhout, B., & Kabat, P. (2009) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-008-9534-6 · Cited by 815
The green, blue and grey water footprint of crops and derived crop productsPreprint
Mekonnen, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2011) · doi:10.5194/hessd-8-763-2011 · Cited by 815
Leverage points for improving global food security and the environment
West, P. C., Gerber, J., Engstrom, P. M., Mueller, N. D., Brauman, K. A., Carlson, K. M., Cassidy, E. S., Johnston, M., MacDonald, G. K., Ray, D. K., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1246067 · Cited by 800
Persistent growth of CO2 emissions and implications for reaching climate targets
Friedlingstein, P., Andrew, R. M., Rogelj, J., Peters, G. P., Canadell, J. G., Knutti, R., Luderer, G., Raupach, M. R., Schaeffer, M., van Vuuren, D. P., et al. (2014) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2248 · Cited by 771
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity of global croplands
Carlson, K. M., Gerber, J., Mueller, N. D., Herrero, M., MacDonald, G. K., Brauman, K. A., Havlík, P., O’Connell, C. S., Johnson, J. A., Saatchi, S. S., et al. (2016) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate3158 · Cited by 755
Nijdam, D., Rood, T., & Westhoek, H. (2012) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2012.08.002 · Cited by 734
Overview and methodology: Data quality guideline for the ecoinvent database version 3
Weidema, B. P., Bauer, C., Hischier, R., Mutel, C., Nemecek, T., Reinhard, J., Vadenbo, C., & Wernet, G. (2013) · VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) · Cited by 734
Self-citationSmith, P., Martino, D., Cai, Z., Gwary, D., Janzen, H., Kumar, P., McCarl, B., Ogle, S., O’Mara, F., Rice, C., et al. (2007) · Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2006.06.006 · Cited by 635
A high-resolution assessment on global nitrogen flows in cropland
Liu, J., You, L., Amini, M., Obersteiner, M. H., Herrero, M., Zehnder, A. J. B., & Yang, H. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0913658107 · Cited by 620
Fates of methane from different lake habitats: Connecting whole‐lake budgets and CH4 emissions
Bastviken, D., Cole, J. J., Pace, M. L., & de Bogert, M. C. V. (2008) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2007jg000608 · Cited by 575
The blue, green and grey water footprint of rice from production and consumption perspectives
Chapagain, A. K., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2010) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.11.012 · Cited by 547
Soil nitrous oxide emissions following crop residue addition: a meta‐analysis
Chen, H., Li, X., Hu, F., & Shi, W. (2013) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12274 · Cited by 521
The food cold-chain and climate change
James, S. J., & James, C. (2010) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2010.02.001 · Cited by 443
Fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions of world fisheries
Parker, R. W. R., Blanchard, J. L., Gardner, C., Green, B. S., Hartmann, K., Tyedmers, P. H., & Watson, R. A. (2018) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0117-x · Cited by 437
A Global Analysis of Acidification and Eutrophication of Terrestrial Ecosystems
Bouwman, L., van Vuuren, D. P., Derwent, R. G., & Posch, M. G. (2002) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1023/a:1021398008726 · Cited by 427
Greenhouse gas emissions from ruminant supply chains – a global life cycle assessment
Opio, C., Gerber, P., Mottet, A., Falcucci, A., Tempio, G., MacLeod, M. J., Vellinga, T. V., Henderson, B. B., & Steinfeld, H. (2013) · Cited by 396
Chemical fluxes and mass balances in a marine fish cage farm. I Carbon
Hall, P., Anderson, L. B., Holby, O., Kollberg, S., & Samuelsson, M.-O. (1990) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps061061 · Cited by 316
Effects of crop residue returning on nitrous oxide emissions in agricultural soils
Shan, J., & Yan, X. (2013) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.02.009 · Cited by 299
Mitigation potential and global health impacts from emissions pricing of food commodities
Springmann, M., Mason-D’Croz, D., Robinson, S., Wiebe, K., Godfray, H. C. J., Rayner, M., & Scarborough, P. (2017) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate3155 · Cited by 295
Environmental Impacts of Water Use in Global Crop Production: Hotspots and Trade-Offs with Land Use
Pfister, S., Bayer, P., Koehler, A., & Hellweg, S. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es1041755 · Cited by 282
Shapley Effects for Global Sensitivity Analysis: Theory and Computation
Song, E., Nelson, B. L., & Staum, J. (2016) · SIAM/ASA Journal on Uncertainty Quantification · doi:10.1137/15m1048070 · Cited by 244
Drecht, G. V., Bouwman, L., Knoop, J. M., Beusen, A. H. W., & Meinardi, C. R. (2003) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2003gb002060 · Cited by 243
Can carbon footprint serve as an indicator of the environmental impact of meat production?
Röös, E., Sundberg, C., Tidåker, P., Strid, I. V., & Hansson, P. (2012) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.08.004 · Cited by 225
Fifteen years of ISO 14040: a review
Pryshlakivsky, J., & Searcy, C. (2013) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.05.038 · Cited by 203
Global Patterns of Cropland Use Intensity
Siebert, S., Portmann, F. T., & Döll, P. (2010) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs2071625 · Cited by 191
Nitrogen transformations and balance in channel catfish ponds
Gross, A., Boyd, C. E., & Wood, C. W. (2000) · Aquacultural Engineering · doi:10.1016/s0144-8609(00)00062-5 · Cited by 182
Contribution of N 2 O to the greenhouse gas balance of first‐generation biofuels
SMEETS, E. M. W., BOUWMAN, L. F., STEHFEST, E., Van VUUREN, D. P., & POSTHUMA, A. (2009) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01704.x · Cited by 181
What do vegetarians in the United States eat?
Haddad, E. H., & Tanzman, J. S. (2003) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.3.626s · Cited by 169
Organic Enrichment from Marine Finfish Aquaculture and Effects on Sediment Biogeochemical Processes
Holmer, M., Wildish, D. J., & Hargrave, B. T. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/b136010 · Cited by 165
Strassmann, K., Joos, F., & Fischer, G. (2008) · Tellus B · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00340.x · Cited by 163
Global primary production of lakes: 19th Baldi Memorial Lecture
Lewis, W. M. (2011) · Inland Waters · doi:10.5268/iw-1.1.384 · Cited by 161
Methane cycling in the sediments of Lake Washington
Kuivila, K. M., Murray, J. W., Devol, A. H., Lidstrom, M. E., & Reimers, C. E. (1988) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.1988.33.4.0571 · Cited by 156
Schroeder, G. L. (1978) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/0044-8486(78)90014-5 · Cited by 152
Vellinga, T. V., Blonk, H., Marinussen, M. P. J. C., van Zeist, W. J., & Starmans, D. A. J. (2013) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · Cited by 150
Ladha, J. K., Rao, A. N., Raman, A. K., Tirol‐Padre, A., Dobermann, A., Gathala, M. K., Kumar, V., Saharawat, Y., Sharma, S., Piepho, H., et al. (2015) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.13143 · Cited by 145
German, R. N., Thompson, C. E., & Benton, T. G. (2017) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/brv.12251 · Cited by 144
Designing eco-efficient crop rotations using life cycle assessment of crop combinations
Nemecek, T., Hayer, F., Bonnin, E., Carrouée, B., Schneider, A., & Vivier, C. (2015) · European Journal of Agronomy · doi:10.1016/j.eja.2015.01.005 · Cited by 142
Self-citationReview of yield gap explaining factors and opportunities for alternative data collection approaches
Beza, E. A., Silva, . V., Kooistra, L., & Reidsma, P. (2016) · European Journal of Agronomy · doi:10.1016/j.eja.2016.06.016 · Cited by 137
Nevison, C. D. (2000) · Chemosphere - Global Change Science · doi:10.1016/s1465-9972(00)00013-1 · Cited by 132
Colomb, V., Aït-Amar, S., Basset-Mens, C., Gac, A., Gaillard, G., Koch, P. P., Mousset, J., Salou, T., Tailleur, A., & van der Werf, H. M. G. (2014) · OCL · doi:10.1051/ocl/20140047 · Cited by 125
A Worldwide Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Drained Organic Soils
Tubiello, F. N., Biancalani, R., Salvatore, M., Rossi, S., & Conchedda, G. (2016) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su8040371 · Cited by 106
The role of methane in internal carbon cycling in Lake Mendota during summer stratification
Fallon, R. D., Harrits, S. M., Hanson, R. S., & Brock, T. D. (1980) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.1980.25.2.0357 · Cited by 104
IEA Mobility Model (MoMo) and its use in the ETP 2008
Fulton, L., Cazzola, P., & Cuenot, F. (2009) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.065 · Cited by 101
An equation to predict the leaching of surface-applied nitrate
Burns, I. G. (1975) · The Journal of Agricultural Science · doi:10.1017/s0021859600062328 · Cited by 86
Nepstad, D. C., Boyd, W., Stickler, C. M., Bezerra, T., & Azevedo, A. A. (2013) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0167 · Cited by 85
Voluntary Approaches to Environmental Protection and Resource Management
Segerson, K. (2013) · Annual Review of Resource Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-resource-091912-151945 · Cited by 84
Papatryphon, E., Petit, J., van der Werf, H. M. G., Sadasivam, K., & Kanyarushoki, C. (2005) · Environmental Management · doi:10.1007/s00267-004-4020-z · Cited by 77
Zomer, R. J., Trabucco, A., van Straaten, O., & Bossio, D. (2006) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 76
Wang, X., Andresen, K., Handå, A., Jensen, B., Reitan, K. I., & Ôlsen, Y. (2013) · Aquaculture Environment Interactions · doi:10.3354/aei00079 · Cited by 75
Sintermann, J., Neftel, A., Ammann, C., Häni, C., Hensen, A., Loubet, B., & Fléchard, C. (2012) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-9-1611-2012 · Cited by 74
Emissions of Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide and Methane During the Management of Solid Manures
Webb, J., Sommer, S. G., Küpper, T., Groenestein, K., Hutchings, N. J., Eurich-Menden, B., Rodhe, L. K. K., Misselbrook, T. H., & Amon, B. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1905-7_4 · Cited by 73
Modelling spatially explicit impacts from phosphorus emissions in agriculture
Scherer, L., & Pfister, S. (2015) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-015-0880-0 · Cited by 72
Ammonia volatilization from crop residues and frozen green manure crops
de Ruijter, F. J., Huijsmans, J. F. M., & Rutgers, B. (2010) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.06.019 · Cited by 72
Including CO2 implications of land occupation in LCAs—method and example for livestock products
Schmidinger, K., & Stehfest, E. (2012) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-012-0434-7 · Cited by 70
Carbon and nitrogen budgets in manured fish ponds on Israel's coastal plain
Schroeder, G. L. (1987) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/0044-8486(87)90169-4 · Cited by 68
Alongi, D. M., McKinnon, A. D., Brinkman, R., Trott, L. A., Undu, M. C., Muawanah, & Syah, R. (2009) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.06.025 · Cited by 58
FAOSTAT estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from biomass and peat fires
Rossi, S., Tubiello, F. N., Prosperi, P., Salvatore, M., Jacobs, H., Biancalani, R., House, J. I., & Boschetti, L. (2016) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1584-y · Cited by 57
Waldman, K. B., & Kerr, J. M. (2014) · Annual Review of Resource Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-resource-100913-012432 · Cited by 56
Assessing the harvested area gap in China
Yu, Q., Wu, W., You, L., Zhu, T., van Vliet, J., Verburg, P. H., Liu, Z., Li, Z., Yang, P., Zhou, Q., et al. (2017) · Agricultural Systems · doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2017.02.003 · Cited by 38
Thomas, S. M., Ledgard, S. F., & Francis, G. S. (2005) · Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10705-005-2476-8 · Cited by 36
Suhr, K. I., Letelier-Gordo, C. O., & Lund, I. (2015) · Aquacultural Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2014.12.005 · Cited by 34
World soil property estimates for broad-scale modelling (WISE30sec)
Batjes, N. H. (2015) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · Cited by 33
Trade-offs between high yields and greenhouse gas emissions in irrigation wheat cropland in China
Cui, Z., Wu, L., Ye, Y. L., Ma, W. Q., Chen, X. P., & Zhang, F. S. (2014) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-11-2287-2014 · Cited by 27
Five propositions to harmonize environmental footprints of food and beverages
Ponsioen, T. C., & van der Werf, H. M. G. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.131 · Cited by 26
Publicly Available Specification (PAS) 200
Moore, T. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Crisis Management · doi:10.4135/9781452275956.n268 · Cited by 15
Greenhouse gas emissions from global dairy production
Vellinga, T. V., Gerber, P., & Opio, C. I. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118489451.ch2 · Cited by 14
Bridging the data gap: engaging developing country farmers in greenhouse gas accounting
Paustian, K. (2013) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/021001 · Cited by 14
Characterization of methane flux from photosynthetic oxidation ponds in a wastewater treatment plant
Detweiler, A. M., Bebout, B. M., Frisbee, A., Kelley, C. A., Chanton, J. P., & Prufert‐Bebout, L. E. (2014) · Water Science & Technology · doi:10.2166/wst.2014.317 · Cited by 10
Assessing the value of oilseed meals for soil fertility and weed suppression
Darby, H. M., Cummings, E., & Madden, R. (2007) · Cited by 3
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- P. Smith M. Bustamante H. Ahammad H. Clark H. Dong E. A. Elsiddig H. Haberl R. Harper J. House M. Jafari O. Masera C. Mbow N. H. Ravindranath C. W. Rice C. Robledo Abad A. Romanovskaya F. Sperling F. N. Tubiello G. Berndes S. Bolwig H. Böttcher R. Bright F. Cherubini H. Chum E. Corbera F. Creutzig M. Delucchi A. Faaij J. Fargione G. Hänsel G. Heath M. Herrero R. Houghton H. Jacobs A. K. Jain E. Kato O. Lucon D. Pauly R. Plevin A. Popp J. R. Porter B. Poulter S. Rose A. de Siqueira Pinto S. Sohi B. Stocker A. Strømman S. Suh J. van Minnen T. Krug G. Nabuurs M. Molodovskaya in Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change (Cambridge Univ. Press 2015) pp. 811–922.
- IPCC Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change (Cambridge Univ. Press 2007).
- J. Danielson, D. Gesch, An enhanced global elevation model generalized from multiple higher resolution source datasets. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci. XXXVII, 1857–1864 (2008).
- H. Kowata H. Moriyama K. Hayashi H. Kato in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on LCA in the Agri-Food Sector: Towards a Sustainable Management of the Food Chain Zurich Switzerland 12 to 14 November 2008 (Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART 2009) pp. 49–57.
- J. C. Fry in Detritus and Microbial Ecology in Aquaculture D. J. W. Moriarty R. S. V. Pullin Eds. (International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management 1987) pp. 83–122.
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) “Review of maritime transport 2015” (UNCTAD 2015).
- National Development and Reform Commission of China “National data compilation of revenue and cost of agricultural products 2013” (China Statistics Press 2013).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions
Crippa, M., Solazzo, E., Guizzardi, D., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Tubiello, F. N., & Leip, A. (2021) · Nature Food · doi:10.1038/s43016-021-00225-9 · Cited by 3,190
Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change
Díaz, S., Settele, J., Brondízio, E. S., Ngo, H. T., Agard, J., Arneth, A., Balvanera, P., Brauman, K. A., Butchart, S. H. M., Chan, K. M. A., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax3100 · Cited by 2,926
Six Transformations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals
Sachs, J. D., Schmidt‐Traub, G., Mazzucato, M., Messner, D., Nakićenović, N., & Rockström, J. (2019) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-019-0352-9 · Cited by 2,631
Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality
Wang, F., Harindintwali, J. D., Yuan, Z., Wang, M., Wang, F., Li, S., Yin, Z., Huang, L., Fu, Y., Li, L., et al. (2021) · The Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100180 · Cited by 1,330
Global food system emissions could preclude achieving the 1.5° and 2°C climate change targets
Clark, M., Domingo, N. G. G., Colgan, K. K., Thakrar, S. K., Tilman, D. G., Lynch, J., Azevedo, I. L., & Hill, J. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aba7357 · Cited by 1,233
Metadata
- Authors
- Poore, J., & Nemecek, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Agroscope (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Poore, J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2018-06
- Volume
- 360
- Issue
- 6392
- Pages
- 987-992
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2806569362
- Cited by
- 6,085
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1005 · 2025: 1069 · 2024: 960 · 2023: 896 · 2022: 808 · 2021: 694 · 2020: 401 · 2019: 204 · 2018: 41
- FWCI
- 253.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Keywords
- food supply chain, producer heterogeneity, animal products, plant-based diet, dietary change, food packaging, food processors, retail companies, customer communication, environmental objectives
- MeSH terms
- Crop Production, Animals, Animal Feed, Environment, Feeding Behavior, Food, Food Supply, Humans, Aquaculture, Food Packaging, Livestock
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
