Normative brain size variation and brain shape diversity in humans
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Abstract
Abstract Evolutionary and developmental increases in primate brain size have been accompanied by systematic shifts in the proportionality of different primate brain systems. However, it remains unknown if and how brain patterning varies across the more than 2-fold inter-individual variation in brain size that occurs amongst typically-developing humans. Using in vivo neuroimaging data from 2 independent cohorts totaling nearly 3000 individuals, we find that larger-brained humans show preferential areal expansion within specific fronto-parietal cortical networks (default mode, dorsal attentional) and related subcortical regions, at the expense of primary sensory/motor systems. This targeted areal expansion recapitulates cortical remodeling across evolution, manifests by early childhood and is linked to molecular signatures of heightened metabolic cost. Our results define a new organizing principle in human brain patterning which governs the highly-coordinated remodeling of human brain shape as a function of naturally-occurring variations in brain size. One Sentence Summary A hodologically and metabolically expensive brain network is preferentially expanded in larger-brained humans.
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Aspects of brain shape variation within modern humans have recently been linked to naturally occurring brain size variation.
“Aspects of brain shape variation within modern humans have recently been linked to naturally occurring brain size variation [50].”
From Neandertal Introgression Sheds Light on Modern Human Endocranial Globularity (2019) · cites this paper as [50]
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- Authors
- Reardon, P. K., Seidlitz, J., Vandekar, S., Liu, S., Patel, R., Park, M. T. M., Alexander-Bloch, A., Clasen, L. S., Blumenthal, J. D., Lalonde, F. M., Giedd, J. N., Gur, R. C., Gur, R. E., Lerch, J. P., Chakravarty, M. M., Satterthwaite, T. D., Shinohara, R. T., & Raznahan, A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- Western University (CA)
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Hospital for Sick Children (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Reardon, P. K.
- Seidlitz, Jakob
- Raznahan, Armin
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2018-06-15
- Volume
- 360
- Issue
- 6394
- Pages
- 1222-1227
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC7485526
- OpenAlex
- W2806589727
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 8
- FWCI
- 17.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (ZIA MH002794, R01 MH107235)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- brain shape, cortical remodeling, brain evolution, human development, neuronal connectivity, brain scaling, limbic system, subcortical structures
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Biological Evolution, Humans, Organ Size, Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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