Cited by 310Epigenetics and DNA MethylationGenomics and Chromatin DynamicsChromosomal and Genetic Variations

Epigenetic patterns in a complete human genome

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Gershman, Ariel, Sauria, Michael E. G., Guitart, Xavi, Vollger, Mitchell R., Hook, Paul W., Hoyt, Savannah J., Jain, Miten, Shumate, Alaina +12 more·2022·Science

Published version of a preprint

Abstract

The completion of a telomere-to-telomere human reference genome, T2T-CHM13, has resolved complex regions of the genome, including repetitive and homologous regions. Here, we present a high-resolution epigenetic study of previously unresolved sequences, representing entire acrocentric chromosome short arms, gene family expansions, and a diverse collection of repeat classes. This resource precisely maps CpG methylation (32.28 million CpGs), DNA accessibility, and short-read datasets (166,058 previously unresolved chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing peaks) to provide evidence of activity across previously unidentified or corrected genes and reveals clinically relevant paralog-specific regulation. Probing CpG methylation across human centromeres from six diverse individuals generated an estimate of variability in kinetochore localization. This analysis provides a framework with which to investigate the most elusive regions of the human genome, granting insights into epigenetic regulation.

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Authors
Gershman, A., Sauria, M. E. G., Guitart, X., Vollger, M. R., Hook, P. W., Hoyt, S. J., Jain, M., Shumate, A., Razaghi, R., Koren, S., Altemose, N., Caldas, G. V., Logsdon, G. A., Rhie, A., Eichler, E. E., Schatz, M. C., O’Neill, R. J., Phillippy, A. M., Miga, K. H., & Timp, W.
Affiliations
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
  • University of Connecticut (US)
  • University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
  • Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Corresponding author
  • Miga, Karen H.
  • Timp, Winston
Venue
Science
Published
2022-04
Volume
376
Issue
6588
Pages
eabj5089-eabj5089
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W4220886647
Cited by
297
References
149
Citations by year
2026: 49 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 5
FWCI
20.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Institutional Repository (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (submittedVersion)
  • Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation
  • University of Pittsburgh
  • Oxford Nanopore Technologies
  • National Institutes of Health (DK106766)
  • National Human Genome Research Institute (U01HG010971, R01HG009190, R01HG011274, U24HG010263, R01HG002385)
  • National Cancer Institute (U01CA253481)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007445, R01GM123312, F32GM134558)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R24DK106766)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
Keywords
epigenetics, human reference genome, T2T-CHM13, telomere-to-telomere genome assembly, centromere, CpG methylation, DNA accessibility, chromatin immunoprecipitation, gene family expansion, repetitive DNA, kinetochore localization
MeSH terms
Centromere, Disease, Humans, Reference Standards, Genome, Human, Sequence Analysis, DNA, CpG Islands, DNA Methylation, Genomics, Epigenesis, Genetic, Genetic Loci

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