UPC2A Is Required for High-Level Azole Antifungal Resistance in Candida glabrata

Whaley, Sarah G.; Caudle, Kelly E.; Vermitsky, John-Paul; Chadwick, Sean G.; Toner, Geoffrey; Barker, Katherine S.; Gygax, Scott E.; Rogers, P. David

doi:10.1128/aac.02217-13

Cited by 52Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityFungal and yeast genetics researchFungal Plant Pathogen Control

UPC2A Is Required for High-Level Azole Antifungal Resistance in Candida glabrata

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Whaley, Sarah G., Caudle, Kelly E., Vermitsky, John-Paul, Chadwick, Sean G., Toner, Geoffrey, Barker, Katherine S., Gygax, Scott E., Rogers, P. David·2014·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

DOI 10.1128/aac.02217-13PMC PMC4136023

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Abstract

Candida glabrata , the second most common cause of Candida infections, is associated with high rates of mortality and often exhibits resistance to the azole class of antifungal agents. Upc2 and Ecm22 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Upc2 in Candida albicans are the transcriptional regulators of ERG11 , the gene encoding the target of azoles in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. Recently two homologs for these transcription factors, UPC2A and UPC2B , were identified in C. glabrata . One of these, UPC2A , was shown to influence azole susceptibility. We hypothesized that due to the global role for Upc2 in sterol biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae and C. albicans , disruption of UPC2A would enhance the activity of fluconazole in both azole-susceptible dose-dependent (SDD) and -resistant C. glabrata clinical isolates. To test this hypothesis, we constructed mutants with disruptions in UPC2A and UPC2B alone and in combination in a matched pair of clinical azole-SDD and -resistant isolates. Disruption of UPC2A in both the SDD and resistant isolates resulted in increased susceptibility to sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, including a reduction in fluconazole MIC and minimum fungicidal concentration, enhanced azole activity by time-kill analysis, a decrease in ergosterol content, and downregulation of baseline and inducible expression of several sterol biosynthesis genes. Our results indicate that Upc2A is a key regulator of ergosterol biosynthesis and is essential for resistance to sterol biosynthesis inhibitors in C. glabrata . Therefore, the UPC2A pathway may represent a potential cotherapeutic target for enhancing azole activity against this organism.

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Loss of UPC2A is sufficient to strongly reduce fluconazole resistance of a GOF PDR1 mutant allele in C. glabrata.
“First, loss of UPC2A (C. glabrata homologue of C. albicans UPC2) was sufficient to strongly reduce fluconazole resistance of a GOF PDR1 mutant allele [17].”
From The Candida glabrata Upc2A transcription factor is a global regulator of antifungal drug resistance pathways (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
Loss of UPC2A leads to a profound increase in fluconazole susceptibility, even in the presence of a GOF form of PDR1.
“Loss of UPC2A leads to a profound increase in fluconazole susceptibility, even in the presence of a GOF form of PDR1 [17].”
From The Candida glabrata Upc2A transcription factor is a global regulator of antifungal drug resistance pathways (2021) · cites this paper as [17]

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UPC2A Is Required for High-Level Azole Antifungal Resistance in
Glabrata, C., Gygax, S. E., & Rogersa, D. P. D. (2016)
Self-citation
The Candida glabrata Upc2A transcription factor is a global regulator of antifungal drug resistance pathways
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Azole resistance is mediated by integration of sterol gene regulation and membrane transporter production by the zinc cluster-containing transcription factor Upc2A in Candida glabrataPreprint
Vu, B. G., Stamnes, M. A., Li, Y., Rogers, P. D., & Moye-Rowley, S. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.07.443069 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Delineating the Upc2A Regulon in Candida glabrata
Li, Y. (2021) · doi:10.21007/etd.cghs.202.0534
Loss-of-Function ROX1 Mutations Suppress the Fluconazole Susceptibility of upc2A Δ Mutation in Candida glabrata, Implicating Additional Positive Regulators of Ergosterol Biosynthesis
Ollinger, T. L., Vu, B. G., Murante, D., Parker, J. E., Šimoničová, L., Doorley, L. A., Stamnes, M. A., Kelly, S. L., Rogers, P. D., Moye-Rowley, S., et al. (2021) · mSphere · doi:10.1128/msphere.00830-21 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Whaley, S. G., Caudle, K. E., Vermitsky, J.-P., Chadwick, S. G., Toner, G., Barker, K. S., Gygax, S. E., & Rogers, P. D.
Affiliations: University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (United States) (US)
ORCID: Whaley, Sarah G.
Caudle, Kelly E.
Chadwick, Sean G.
Barker, Katherine S.
Rogers, P. David
Venue: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 2014-08
Volume: 58
Issue: 8
Pages: 4543-4554
ISSN: 0066-4804 (ISSN-L)
1098-6596
DOI: 10.1128/aac.02217-13
PMC: PMC4136023
OpenAlex: W2172053383
Semantic Scholar: 1c1aa89ad65ba459ae75f808e1c1db925b073f99
Cited by: 52
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2
FWCI: 1.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI058145)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
Keywords: Candida glabrata, azole resistance, ergosterol biosynthesis, ERG11, fluconazole susceptibility, sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, transcriptional regulation, clinical isolates
MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents, Azoles, Candida albicans, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Ergosterol, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Trans-Activators, Fluconazole, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Protein Isoforms, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Candida glabrata

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UPC2A Is Required for High-Level Azole Antifungal Resistance in Candida glabrata

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