The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Lipoteichoic Acids from Lactobacillus Strains Elicit Strong Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Inducing Activities in Macrophages through Toll-Like Receptor 2
Open accessAbstract
Lactobacilli are nonpathogenic gram-positive inhabitants of microflora. At least some Lactobacillus strains have been postulated to have health beneficial effects, such as the stimulation of the immune system. Here we examined the stimulatory effects of lactobacilli on mouse immune cells. All six heat-killed Lactobacillus strains examined induced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) from mouse splenic mononuclear cells, albeit to various degrees. When fractionated subcellular fractions of Lactobacillus casei were tested for NF-κB activation and TNF-α production in RAW264.7, a mouse macrophage cell line, the activity was found to be as follows: protoplast > cell wall ≫ polysaccharide-peptidoglycan complex. Both crude extracts and purified lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) from two Lactobacillus strains,L. casei and L. fermentum, significantly induced TNF-α secretion from RAW264.7 cells and splenocytes of C57BL/6, C3H/HeN, and C3H/HeJ mice but not from splenocytes of C57BL/6 TLR2−/−mice.Lactobacillus LTA induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, in HEK293T cells transected with a combination of CD14 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), NF-κB was activated in response to Lactobacillus LTA. Taken together, these data suggest that LTAs from lactobacilli elicit proinflammatory activities through TLR2.
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Peptidoglycan- and Lipoteichoic Acid-induced Cell Activation Is Mediated by Toll-like Receptor 2
Schwandner, R., Dziarski, R., Wesche, H., Rothe, M., & Kirschning, C. J. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.25.17406 · Cited by 1,704
A CONSERVED SIGNALING PATHWAY: The Drosophila Toll-Dorsal Pathway
Belvin, M. P., & Anderson, K. V. (1996) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.12.1.393 · Cited by 836 · cited 2×
“Toll, first identified as a protein controlling dorsoventral pattern formation in the early development of Drosophila melanogaster (2), has been shown to participate in antimicrobial immune responses (16).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Matsuguchi, T., Takagi, A., Matsuzaki, T., Nagaoka, M., Ishikawa, K., Yokokura, T., & Yoshikai, Y.
- Venue
- Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2003-03
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 259-266
- ISSN
- 1556-679X (ISSN-L)
- 1556-6811
- OpenAlex
- W2138135196
- Cited by
- 287
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 2.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
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