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Cited by 642Nail Diseases and TreatmentsYeasts and Rust Fungi StudiesFungal Infections and Studies

The Malassezia Genus in Skin and Systemic Diseases

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Gaitanis, Georgios, Magiatis, Prokopios, Hantschke, Markus, Bassukas, Ioannis D., Velegraki, Aristea·2012·Clinical Microbiology Reviews
DOI 10.1128/cmr.00021-11PMC PMC3255962
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Abstract

SUMMARY: In the last 15 years, the genus Malassezia has been a topic of intense basic research on taxonomy, physiology, biochemistry, ecology, immunology, and metabolomics. Currently, the genus encompasses 14 species. The 1996 revision of the genus resulted in seven accepted taxa: M. furfur , M. pachydermatis , M. sympodialis , M. globosa , M. obtusa , M. restricta , and M. slooffiae. In the last decade, seven new taxa isolated from healthy and lesional human and animal skin have been accepted: M. dermatis , M. japonica , M. yamatoensis , M. nana , M. caprae , M. equina , and M. cuniculi. However, forthcoming multidisciplinary research is expected to show the etiopathological relationships between these new species and skin diseases. Hitherto, basic and clinical research has established etiological links between Malassezia yeasts, pityriasis versicolor, and sepsis of neonates and immunocompromised individuals. Their role in aggravating seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff, folliculitis, and onychomycosis, though often supported by histopathological evidence and favorable antifungal therapeutic outcomes, remains under investigation. A close association between skin and Malassezia IgE binding allergens in atopic eczema has been shown, while laboratory data support a role in psoriasis exacerbations. Finally, metabolomic research resulted in the proposal of a hypothesis on the contribution of Malassezia -synthesized aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands to basal cell carcinoma through UV radiation-induced carcinogenesis.

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  • The main underlying pathogenic mechanisms of SD and dandruff involve Malassezia proliferation and local skin irritation and inflammation.

    “Because the main underlying pathogenic mechanisms involve Malassezia proliferation and local skin irritation and inflammation, the most common treatment is topical antifungal and anti-inflammatory agents (Table 3).”

    From Seborrheic Dermatitis and Dandruff: A Comprehensive Review (2015) · cites this paper as [42]

    The paper’s “Seborrheic Dermatitis” discussion attributes the condition to an immune response to Malassezia, and its “Malassezia and dandruff” discussion says dandruff improves when scalp Malassezia populations are reduced. But it describes dandruff as having minimal to absent inflammation, so inflammation is not supported as a main mechanism of both conditions. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Several lines of evidence suggest a pathogenic role for yeasts of the genus Malassezia in SD and dandruff.

    “Several lines of evidence suggest a pathogenic role for yeasts of the genus Malassezia in SD and dandruff [42–46].”

    From Seborrheic Dermatitis and Dandruff: A Comprehensive Review (2015) · cites this paper as [42]

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Authors
Gaitanis, G., Magiatis, P., Hantschke, M., Bassukas, I. D., & Velegraki, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Ioannina (GR)
  • National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
  • Dermatopathologie Friedrichshafen (DE)
Corresponding author
Gaitanis, Georgios
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Microbiology Reviews
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Published
2012-01
Volume
25
Issue
1
Pages
106-141
ISSN
  • 0893-8512 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-6618
DOI
10.1128/cmr.00021-11
PMC
PMC3255962
OpenAlex
W2147563741
Cited by
642
References
4
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FWCI
5.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Clinical Microbiology Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Nail Diseases and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
Keywords
Malassezia, pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff, folliculitis, onychomycosis, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands, basal cell carcinoma, ultraviolet radiation, neonatal sepsis, immunocompromised patients, IgE-binding allergens, yeast metabolomics
MeSH terms
Humans, Malassezia, Mycoses

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