S Protein-Reactive IgG and Memory B Cell Production after Human SARS-CoV-2 Infection Includes Broad Reactivity to the S2 Subunit
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Abstract
The recent rapid worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 has established a pandemic of potentially serious disease in the highly susceptible human population. Key issues are whether humans have preexisting immune memory that provides some protection against SARS-CoV-2 and whether SARS-CoV-2 infection generates lasting immune protection against reinfection. Our analysis focused on pre- and postinfection IgG and IgG memory B cells (MBCs) reactive to SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Most importantly, we demonstrate that infection generates both IgG and IgG MBCs against the novel receptor binding domain and the conserved S2 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Thus, even if antibody levels wane, long-lived MBCs remain to mediate rapid antibody production. Our study results also suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection strengthens preexisting broad coronavirus protection through S2-reactive antibody and MBC formation.
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The S2 domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike is more conserved with other coronaviruses.
“the S2 domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike is more conserved with other coronaviruses”
From mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern (2021) · cites this paper as [42]
SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses generally develop from naive B cells, not from pre-existing cross-reactive memory B cells.
“The data also indicate that SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses generally develop from naive B cells, not from pre-existing cross-reactive memory B cells (Anderson et al., 2020; Ng et al., 2020; Nguyen-Contant et al., 2020; Shrock et al., 2020; Song et al., 2020).”
From Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Nguyen-Contant et al., 2020
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- Authors
- Nguyen-Contant, P., Embong, A. K., Kanagaiah, P., Chaves, F. A., Yang, H., Branche, A. R., Topham, D. J., & Sangster, M. Y.
- Affiliations
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sangster, Mark Y.
- ORCID
- Venue
- mBio
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2020-10-27
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- ISSN
- 2150-7511 (ISSN-L)
- 2161-2129
- PMC
- PMC7520599
- OpenAlex
- W3087903445
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 8
- FWCI
- 5.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- mBio (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201400005C)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, S protein, S2 subunit, receptor binding domain, memory B cells, IgG, antibody response, pre-existing immunity, reinfection, cross-reactive antibodies, coronavirus
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins, Adult, Antibodies, Viral, B-Lymphocytes, Convalescence, Cross Reactions, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Immunologic Memory, Male, Middle Aged, Phosphoproteins, Pneumonia, Viral, Coronavirus Infections, Nucleocapsid Proteins, Protein Subunits, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs, Pandemics, Healthy Volunteers, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
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