Maturation and persistence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 memory B cell response
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Abstract
Memory B cells play a fundamental role in host defenses against viruses, but to date, their role has been relatively unsettled in the context of SARS-CoV-2. We report here a longitudinal single-cell and repertoire profiling of the B cell response up to 6 months in mild and severe COVID-19 patients. Distinct SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific activated B cell clones fueled an early antibody-secreting cell burst as well as a durable synchronous germinal center response. While highly mutated memory B cells, including pre-existing cross-reactive seasonal Betacoronavirus-specific clones, were recruited early in the response, neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific clones accumulated with time and largely contributed to the late, remarkably stable, memory B cell pool. Highlighting germinal center maturation, these cells displayed clear accumulation of somatic mutations in their variable region genes over time. Overall, these findings demonstrate that an antigen-driven activation persisted and matured up to 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and may provide long-term protection.
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The memory B cell compartment accumulates mutations and undergoes clonal evolution over the initial six months after infection.
“The memory B cell compartment accumulates mutations and undergoes clonal evolution over the initial six months after infection4,9,21,22.”
From Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
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Mechanistic Insights Into the Immune Pathophysiology of COVID-19; An In-Depth Review
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B lymphocytes in COVID-19: a tale of harmony and discordance
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The intestinal microbiota and improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations
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- Authors
- Sokal, A., Chappert, P., Barba-Spaeth, G., Roeser, A., Fourati, S., Azzaoui, I., Vandenberghe, A., Fernandez, I., Meola, A., Bouvier-Alias, M., Crickx, E., Beldi-Ferchiou, A., Hue, S., Languille, L., Michel, M., Baloul, S., Noizat-Pirenne, F., Luka, M., Mégret, J., Ménager, M., Pawlotsky, J.-M., Fillatreau, S., Rey, F. A., Weill, J.-C., Reynaud, C.-A., & Mahévas, M.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Inserm (FR)
- Université Paris-Est Créteil (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Mahévas, Matthieu
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 184
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1201-1213.e14
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7994111
- OpenAlex
- W3128934913
- Cited by
- 340
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 76 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 21.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 368 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, memory B cells, germinal center, antibody-secreting cells, spike protein, receptor binding domain, neutralizing antibodies, somatic hypermutation, cross-reactive antibodies, long-term immunity, B cell clones
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Adult, B-Lymphocytes, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Lymphocyte Activation, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Germinal Center, Single-Cell Analysis, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
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