Tear glucose levels in normal people and in diabetic patients.
Open accessAbstract
Fifty normal people and 50 diabetic patients were studied by means of an enzymatic method for the glucose content in the blood, tears, and urine before and after the peroral glucose load. In normal subjects the fasting glucose levels in the tears averaged 3.6 mg/100 ml (0.2 mmol/l) and in the diabetic patients it averaged 16.6 mg/100 ml (0.92 mmol/l). As in blood and urine, tear glucose levels are significantly higher in diabetic patients than normal persons both at fasting and after the peroral glucose load test. The fasting tear glucose level did not appear to be a satisfactory index for classifying a person as a diabetic or normal. It was found that after the peroral glucose load test a tear glucose level at 11 mg/100 ml (0.61 mmol/l) resulted in only 4.6% of the diabetics being missed, while 5.8% of the normal persons were misclassified as diabetics.
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Tear glucose concentrations have been demonstrated to exhibit good correlation with blood glucose levels, reflecting diffusion from the lachrymal artery when tears are sampled without eye irritation or stimulation, which can compromise the relationship.
“In particular, tear glucose concentrations have been demonstrated to exhibit good correlation with blood glucose levels, reflecting the diffusion from the lachrymal artery when the tears are sampled without any eye irritation or stimulation, which can compromise the relationship94, 95, 99-101.”
From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [99]
The average glucose level in tears is 0.2-0.6 mM for normal people and can exceed 0.9 mM for people with diabetes.
“The average glucose levels of tears for normal people are in the range of 0.2 to 0.6 mM, but this average can exceed 0.9 mM for people with diabetes (40)”
From Soft, smart contact lenses with integrations of wireless circuits, glucose sensors, and displays (2018) · cites this paper as [40]
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Cites
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- Authors
- Sen, D. K., & Sarin, G. S.
- Affiliations
- Maulana Azad Medical College (IN)
- Venue
- British Journal of Ophthalmology
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1980-09-01
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 693-695
- ISSN
- 0007-1161 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1043796
- OpenAlex
- W2106586766
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Glaucoma and retinal disorders
- Keywords
- tear glucose, diabetes mellitus, diagnostic accuracy, tears
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Glucose, Glycosuria, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Tears
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