What can mendelian randomisation tell us about modifiable behavioural and environmental exposures?

‘Mendelian randomization’: can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease?*

Davey Smith, G., & Ebrahim, S. (2003) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyg070 · Cited by 5,882

Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease: evidence on causality from a meta-analysis

Wald, D. S., Law, M., & Morris, J. K. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1202 · Cited by 1,945

A strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 80%

Wald, N., & Law, M. R. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7404.1419 · Cited by 1,565

Mendelian randomization: prospects, potentials, and limitations

Smith, G. D. (2004) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyh132 · Cited by 1,222

Problems of reporting genetic associations with complex outcomes

Colhoun, H. M., McKeigue, P., & Smith, G. D. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12715-8 · Cited by 1,203

5, 10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Variants and Congenital Anomalies: A HuGE Review

Botto, L. D., & Yang, Q. (2000) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010290 · Cited by 1,045

Epidemiological methods for studying genes and environmental factors in complex diseases

Clayton, D. G., & McKeigue, P. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06418-2 · Cited by 469

Those confounded vitamins: what can we learn from the differences between observational versus randomised trial evidence?

Lawlor, D. A., Smith, G. D., Bruckdorfer, K. R., Kundu, D., & Ebrahim, S. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16260-0 · Cited by 438

Rise and fall of modern medicine

Fanu, J. L. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)75559-8 · Cited by 298

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene Is a Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction in Japanese Men.

Takagi, S., Iwai, N., Yamauchi, R., Kojima, S., Yasuno, S., Baba, T., Terashima, M., Tsutsumi, Y., Suzuki, S., Morii, I., et al. (2002) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.25.677 · Cited by 144

We screen newborns, don’t we?: realizing the promise of public health genomics

Evans, J. P., Berg, J. S., Olshan, A. F., Magnuson, T., & Rimer, B. K. (2013) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1038/gim.2013.11 · Cited by 75

Differential effects of PCSK9 variants on risk of coronary disease and ischaemic stroke

Hopewell, J. C., Malik, R., Valdés‐Márquez, E., Worrall, B. B., & Collins, R. (2017) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx373 · Cited by 77

Twins and Causal Inference: Leveraging Nature's Experiment

McAdams, T. A., Rijsdijk, F. V., Zavos, H. M. S., & Pingault, J.-B. (2021) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a039552 · Cited by 74

Uncovering genetic mechanisms of hypertension through multi-omic analysis of the kidney

Eales, J., Jiang, X., Xu, X., Saluja, S., Akbarov, A., Cano-Gamez, E., McNulty, M. T., Finan, C., Guo, H., Wystrychowski, W., et al. (2021) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-021-00835-w · Cited by 73

Integrating lipidomics and genomics: emerging tools to understand cardiovascular diseases

Tabassum, R., & Ripatti, S. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-020-03715-4 · Cited by 76

An experimental analysis of acquired impulse control among adult humans intolerant to alcohol

Wang, J., Rao, Y., & Houser, D. E. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1610902114 · Cited by 70

CYP1A1 Ile462Val and MPO G-463A interact to increase risk of adenocarcinoma but not squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

Larsen, J. E., Colosimo, M. L., Yang, I. A., Bowman, R., Zimmerman, P. V., & Fong, K. M. (2005) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi227 · Cited by 69

Associations of genetically determined iron status across the phenome: A mendelian randomization study

Gill, D., Benyamin, B., Moore, L. S. P., Monori, G., Zhou, A., Koskeridis, F., Evangelou, E., Laffan, M., Walker, A. P., Tsilidis, K. K., et al. (2019) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002833 · Cited by 63

Genetically predicted education attainment in relation to somatic and mental health

Yuan, S., Xiong, Y., Michaëlsson, M., Michaëlsson, K., & Larsson, S. C. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83801-0 · Cited by 69

The Association of Gastric Cancer Risk with Plasma Folate, Cobalamin, and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphisms in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Vollset, S. E., Igland, J., Jenab, M., Fredriksen, Å., Meyer, K., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Gjessing, H. K., Ueland, P. M., Pera, G., Sala, N., et al. (2007) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0256 · Cited by 66

Alcohol Consumption in Young Adults and Incident Hypertension: 20-Year Follow-up From the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study

Halanych, J. H., Safford, M. M., Kertesz, S. G., Pletcher, M. J., Kim, Y., Person, S. D., Lewis, C. E., & Kiefe, C. I. (2010) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwp417 · Cited by 69

The association between atopy and factors influencing folate metabolism: is low folate status causally related to the development of atopy?

Husemoen, L. L. N., Toft, U., Fenger, M., Jørgensen, T., Johansen, N., & Linneberg, A. R. (2006) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyl094 · Cited by 66

Insomnia, sleep duration, and risk of anxiety: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Zhou, F., Li, S., & Xu, H. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.08.012 · Cited by 61

Sex steroid hormones and risk of breast cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Nounu, A., Kar, S., Relton, C. L., & Richmond, R. C. (2022) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13058-022-01553-9 · Cited by 64

A non-synonymous variant in ADH1B is strongly associated with prenatal alcohol use in a European sample of pregnant women

Zuccolo, L., Fitz-Simon, N., Gray, R., Ring, S. M., Sayal, K. S., Smith, G. D., & Lewis, S. J. (2009) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddp388 · Cited by 63

Assessing causal relationships using genetic proxies for exposures: an introduction to Mendelian randomization

Katikireddi, S. V., Green, M. J., Taylor, A. E., Smith, G. D., & Munafo, M. R. (2017) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.14038 · Cited by 63

The Causal Role of Alcohol Use in Adolescent Externalizing and Internalizing Problems: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Chao, M., Li, X., & McGue, M. (2017) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13493 · Cited by 62

Causal effects of circulating cytokine concentrations on risk of Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive function

Pagoni, P., Korologou‐Linden, R., Howe, L. D., Smith, G. D., Ben‐Shlomo, Y., Stergiakouli, E., & Anderson, E. L. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.05.006 · Cited by 61

Metabolomic Pathways to Osteoporosis in Middle-Aged Women: A Genome-Metabolome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Study

Moayyeri, A., Cheung, C., Tan, K. C. B., Morris, J. A., Cerani, A., Mohney, R. P., Richards, J. B., Hammond, C. J., Spector, T. D., & Menni, C. (2017) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.3358 · Cited by 61

Self-regulation and control in personality functioning

Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.027 · Cited by 59

Insight into rheumatological cause and effect through the use of Mendelian randomization

Robinson, P. C., Choi, H. K., Do, R., & Merriman, T. R. (2016) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2016.102 · Cited by 59

Systemic inflammation, genetic susceptibility and lung function

Sunyer, J., Pistelli, R., Plana, E., Andreani, M., Baldari, F., Kolz, M., Köenig, W., Pekkanen, J., Peters, A., & Forastiere, F. (2008) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00052507 · Cited by 59

Mendelian randomization: A novel test of the gateway hypothesis and models of gene–environment interplay

Irons, D. E., McGue, M. K., Iacono, W. G., & Oetting, W. S. (2007) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579407000612 · Cited by 60

Prospective study of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) variant C677T and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among 6000 US adults

Yang, Q., Bailey, L. B., Clarke, R., Flanders, W. D., Liu, T., Yesupriya, A., Khoury, M. J., & Friedman, J. M. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.022384 · Cited by 57

Mendelian randomization in nutritional epidemiology

Qi, L. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00218.x · Cited by 57

Translational Epidemiologic Approaches to Understanding the Consequences of Early-Life Exposures

D'Onofrio, B. M., Class, Q. A., Rickert, M. E., Sujan, A. C., Larsson, H., Kuja‐Halkola, R., Sjölander, A., Almqvist, C., Lichtenstein, P., & Öberg, A. S. (2015) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-015-9769-8 · Cited by 62

Epidemiologic and Physiologic Approaches to Understanding the Etiology of Pediatric Obesity: Finding the Needle in the Haystack

Reilly, J. J., Ness, A., & Sherriff, A. (2007) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/pdr.0b013e3180536667 · Cited by 55

Associations of Adiposity from Childhood into Adulthood with Insulin Resistance and the Insulin-Like Growth Factor System: 65-Year Follow-Up of the Boyd Orr Cohort

Martin, R. M., Holly, J. M. P., Smith, G. D., & Gunnell, D. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0745 · Cited by 54

Alcohol ExposureIn Uteroand Child Academic Achievement

von Hinke, S., Wehby, G. L., Lewis, S. J., & Zuccolo, L. (2014) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/ecoj.12144 · Cited by 54

Evaluation of an association between plasma total homocysteine and schizophrenia by a Mendelian randomization analysis

Numata, S., Kinoshita, M., Tajima, A., Nishi, A., Imoto, I., & Ohmori, T. (2015) · BMC Medical Genetics · doi:10.1186/s12881-015-0197-7 · Cited by 55

Predictors and correlates of edentulism in the healthy old people in Edinburgh (HOPE) study

Starr, J. M., Hall, R. J., MacIntyre, S., Deary, I. J., & Whalley, L. J. (2008) · Gerodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.2008.00227.x · Cited by 53

The health care costs of childhood obesity in Australia: An instrumental variables approach

Black, N., Hughes, R., & Jones, A. M. (2018) · Economics & Human Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2018.07.003 · Cited by 53

Causal association of circulating cholesterol levels with dementia: a mendelian randomization meta-analysis

Zhang, X., Tian, Q., Liu, D., Geng, T., Xu, X., Ge, S., Zheng, D., Wu, L., Song, M., Hou, H., et al. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0822-x · Cited by 51

Personality in cross-cultural perspective

Dragūns, J. G. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.035 · Cited by 51

Psychiatric disorders and Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization

Tao, H., Fan, S., Zhu, T., You, L., Zheng, D., Yan, L., & Ren, M. (2022) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.13893 · Cited by 53

The interplay of genes and adolescent development in substance use disorders: leveraging findings from GWAS meta-analyses to test developmental hypotheses about nicotine consumption

Vrieze, S. I., McGue, M. K., & Iacono, W. G. (2012) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-012-1167-1 · Cited by 47

Phenotype Refinement Strengthens the Association of AHR and CYP1A1 Genotype with Caffeine Consumption

McMahon, G., Taylor, A. E., Davey Smith, G., & Munafò, M. R. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103448 · Cited by 49

Challenges and Novel Approaches in the Epidemiological Study of Early Life Influences on Later Disease

Smith, G. D., Leary, S. D., Ness, A., & Lawlor, D. A. (2009) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9173-5_1 · Cited by 47

Age at menarche and lung function: a Mendelian randomization study

Gill, D., Sheehan, N. A., Wielscher, M., Shrine, N. R. G., Amaral, A. F. S., Thompson, J. R., Granell, R., Leynaert, B., Real, F. G., Hall, I. P., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-017-0272-9 · Cited by 46

Rheumatoid arthritis and risk for Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis and a Mendelian Randomization study

Policicchio, S. S. S., Ahmad, A. N., Powell, J. F., & Proitsi, P. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13168-8 · Cited by 48

Does High C-reactive Protein Concentration Increase Atherosclerosis? The Whitehall II Study

Mika Kivimaki, B., Lawlor, D. A., Smith, G. D., Meena Kumari, B., Donald, A. E., Britton, A. R., Casas, J. P., Shah, T., Brunner, E. J., Timpson, N. J., et al. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003013 · Cited by 46

Correction: Serum Iron Levels and the Risk of Parkinson Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Pichler, I., Fabiola Del Greco, M., Gögele, M., Lill, C. M., Bertram, L., Do, C. B., Eriksson, N., Foroud, T., Myers, R. H., Nalls, M. A., et al. (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/annotation/c4d81646-0c0e-4a3e-9425-b220bae2d8b6 · Cited by 47

Environmental toxic metal contaminants and risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bao, Q., Zhao, K., Guo, Y., Wu, X., Yang, J., & Yang, M. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-18866-z · Cited by 45

Addressing inequalities in physical activity participation: Implications for public health policy and practice

Hunter, R. F., Boeri, M., Tully, M. A., Donnelly, P., & Kee, F. (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.12.040 · Cited by 45

Use of pathway information in molecular epidemiology

Thomas, D. C., Conti, D. V., Baurley, J. W., Nijhout, H. F., Reed, M. C., & Ulrich, C. M. (2009) · Human Genomics · doi:10.1186/1479-7364-4-1-21 · Cited by 45

Bayesian methods for instrumental variable analysis with genetic instruments (‘Mendelian randomization’): example with urate transporter SLC2A9 as an instrumental variable for effect of urate levels on metabolic syndrome

McKeigue, P., Campbell, H. J., Wild, S. H., Vitart, V., Hayward, C., Rudan, I., Wright, A. F., & Wilson, J. F. (2010) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyp397 · Cited by 46

Genetic variation in the lactase gene, dairy product intake and risk for prostate cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition

Travis, R. C., Appleby, P. N., Siddiq, A., Allen, N. E., Kaaks, R., Canzian, F., Feller, S., Tjønneland, A. M., Johnsen, N. F., Overvad, K., et al. (2012) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.27836 · Cited by 45

Genetically Determined Platelet Count and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Gill, D., Monori, G., Georgakis, M. K., Tzoulaki, I., & Laffan, M. (2018) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.118.311804 · Cited by 45

Depression and Osteoporosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study

He, B., Lyu, Q., Yin, L., Zhang, M., Quan, Z., & Ou, Y. (2021) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-021-00886-5 · Cited by 44

Using deep learning to predict abdominal age from liver and pancreas magnetic resonance images

Goallec, A. L., Diai, S., Collin, S., Prost, J.-B., Vincent, T., & Patel, C. J. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29525-9 · Cited by 45

Using genetics to predict the natural history of asthma?

Holloway, J. W., Arshad, S. H., & Holgate, S. T. (2010) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.06.006 · Cited by 47

Molecular genetics of myocardial infarction

Yamada, Y., Ichihara, S., & Nishida, T. (2008) · Genomic Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11568-008-9025-x · Cited by 42

Investigating the causal relationship between allergic disease and mental health

Budu‐Aggrey, A., Joyce, S., Davies, N. M., Paternoster, L., Munafo, M. R., Brown, S., Evans, J., & Sallis, H. (2021) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/cea.14010 · Cited by 41

Genome-wide association study meta-analysis identifies three novel loci for circulating anti-Müllerian hormone levels in women

Verdiesen, R. M. G., van der Schouw, Y. T., van Gils, C. H., Verschuren, W. M. M., Broekmans, F. J., Borges, M. C., Soares, A. G., Lawlor, D. A., Eliassen, A. H., Kraft, P. L., et al. (2022) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deac028 · Cited by 43

Modifiable risk factors for epilepsy: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study

Yuan, S., Tomson, T., & Larsson, S. C. (2021) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.2098 · Cited by 40

The Role of Early LDL Lowering to Prevent the Onset of Atherosclerotic Disease

Ference, B. A., & Mahajan, N. (2013) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-013-0312-1 · Cited by 41

Serum calcium and risk of migraine: a Mendelian randomization study

Yin, P., Anttila, V., Siewert, K. M., Palotie, A. V., Smith, G. D., & Voight, B. F. (2016) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddw416 · Cited by 41

What genome-wide association studies reveal about the association between intelligence and mental health

Hill, W. D., Harris, S. E., & Deary, I. J. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.07.007 · Cited by 40

Comorbidities in gout and hyperuricemia: causality or epiphenomena?

Sumpter, N. A., Saag, K. G., Reynolds, R. J., & Merriman, T. R. (2019) · Current Opinion in Rheumatology · doi:10.1097/bor.0000000000000691 · Cited by 40

Common quantitative trait locus downstream of RETN gene identified by genome‐wide association study is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Han Chinese: a Mendelian randomization effect

Chung, C., Lin, T., Chen, J., Leu, H., Yin, W., Ho, H., Sheu, S., Tsai, W., Chen, J.-H., Lin, S., et al. (2013) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2481 · Cited by 39

Randomised by (your) god: robust inference from an observational study design

Smith, G. D. (2006) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2004.031880 · Cited by 39

Genetic liability to schizophrenia is associated with exposure to traumatic events in childhood

Sallis, H. M., Croft, J., Havdahl, A., Jones, H. J., Dunn, E. C., Davey Smith, G., Zammit, S., & Munafò, M. R. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720000537 · Cited by 38

Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Decreases With Height, Based on Consortium Analysis and Confirmed by Mendelian Randomization

Thrift, A. P., Risch, H. A., Onstad, L., Shaheen, N. J., Casson, A. G., Bernstein, L., Corley, D. A., Levine, D., Chow, W., Reid, B. J., et al. (2014) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2014.01.039 · Cited by 38

Mendelian randomization reveals unexpected effects of CETP on the lipoprotein profile

Blauw, L. L., Noordam, R., Soidinsalo, S., Blauw, C. A., Li‐Gao, R., de Mutsert, R., Berbée, J. F. P., Wang, Y., van Heemst, D., Rosendaal, F. R., et al. (2018) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41431-018-0301-5 · Cited by 38

Mendelian randomisation and the goal of inferring causation from observational studies in the vision sciences

Plotnikov, D., & Guggenheim, J. A. (2019) · Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics · doi:10.1111/opo.12596 · Cited by 37

Association of the European Lactase Persistence Variant (LCT-13910 C>T Polymorphism) with Obesity in the Canary Islands

Almon, R., Álvarez-León, E. E., & Serra‐Majem, L. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043978 · Cited by 38

Partitioning the heritability of coronary artery disease highlights the importance of immune-mediated processes and epigenetic sites associated with transcriptional activity

Nikpay, M., Stewart, A. F. R., & McPherson, R. (2017) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvx019 · Cited by 39

Clinical biomarkers and associations with healthspan and lifespan: Evidence from observational and genetic data

Li, X., Ploner, A., Wang, Y., Zhan, Y., Pedersen, N. L., Magnusson, P. K. E., Jylhävä, J., & Hägg, S. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103318 · Cited by 37

Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and the Risk of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Mi, J., & Liu, Z. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.688849 · Cited by 39

Association between alcohol consumption and incidence of dementia in current drinkers: linear and non-linear mendelian randomization analysis

Zheng, L., Liao, W., Luo, S., Li, B., Liu, D., Yun, Q., Zhao, Z.-Y., Zhao, J., Rong, J., Gong, Z., et al. (2024) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102810 · Cited by 36

Mendelian Randomization and Estimation of Treatment Efficacy for Chronic Diseases

Schooling, C. M., Freeman, G., & Cowling, B. J. (2013) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kws344 · Cited by 34

The Role of Genetic Variation of BMI, Body Composition, and Fat Distribution for Mental Traits and Disorders: A Look-Up and Mendelian Randomization Study

Peters, T., Nüllig, L., Antel, J., Naaresh, R., Laabs, B., Tegeler, L., Amhaouach, C., Libuda, L., Hinney, A., & Hebebrand, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00373 · Cited by 36

Relationship between Leptin and C-Reactive Protein in Young Finnish Adults

Viikari, L. A., Huupponen, R., Viikari, J. S. A., Marniemi, J., Eklund, C., Hurme, M., Lehtimäki, T. J., Mika Kivimaki, B., & Raitakari, O. T. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0103 · Cited by 36

Contributions of elevated CRP, hyperglycaemia, and type 2 diabetes to cardiovascular risk in the general population: observational and Mendelian randomization studies

Rolver, M. G., Emanuelsson, F., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Benn, M. (2024) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-024-02207-0 · Cited by 37

Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients

Qi, Q., & Qi, L. (2012) · Clinical Lipidology · doi:10.2217/clp.12.46 · Cited by 34

From lipid locus to drug target through human genomics

van der Laan, S. W., Harshfield, E. L., Hemerich, D., Stacey, D., Wood, A., & Asselbergs, F. W. (2018) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvy120 · Cited by 33

Using genetic variation for establishing causality of cardiovascular risk factors: overcoming confounding and reverse causality

Smit, R. A. J., Trompet, S., de Craen, A. J. M., & Jukema, J. W. (2014) · Netherlands Heart Journal · doi:10.1007/s12471-014-0534-z · Cited by 33

An Effect of the PAI-1 4G/5G Polymorphism on Cholesterol Levels May Explain Conflicting Associations with Myocardial Infarction and Stroke

Boncoraglio, G. B., Bodini, A., Brambilla, C., Carriero, M. R., Ciusani, E., & Parati, E. A. (2006) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000093604 · Cited by 33

The CRP genotype, serum levels and lung function in men: the Caerphilly Prospective Study

Bolton, C. E., Schumacher, W., Cockcroft, J., Timpson, N. J., Smith, G. D., Gallacher, J., Rumley, A., Lowe, G. D. O., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Shale, D. J., et al. (2010) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20100504 · Cited by 33

Putting the Genome in Context: Gene-Environment Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes

Franks, P. W., & Paré, G. (2016) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-016-0758-y · Cited by 32

Educational Psychology

Ben‐Eliyahu, A., & Zeidner, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.041 · Cited by 33

Using Mendelian randomisation to infer causality in depression and anxiety research

Gage, S. H., Smith, G. D., Zammit, S., Hickman, M., & Munafò, M. R. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22150 · Cited by 32

Associations of environmental factors with neurodegeneration: An exposome-wide Mendelian randomization investigation

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An Introduction to Instrumental Variables – Part 2: Mendelian Randomisation

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