Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: A cross-sectional study in China
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers fighting against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are under tremendous pressure, which puts them at an increased risk of developing psychological problems. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychological problems in different healthcare workers (ie, physicians, medical residents, nurses, technicians and public health professionals) during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and explore factors that are associated with the onset of psychological problems in this population during this public health crisis. METHODS: A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted in February 2020 among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological problems were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the factors that were associated with psychological problems. RESULTS: The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia and the overall psychological problems in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China was 46.04%, 44.37%, 28.75% and 56.59%, respectively. The prevalence of the overall psychological problems in physicians, medical residents, nurses, technicians and public health professionals was 60.35%, 50.82%, 62.02%, 57.54% and 62.40%, respectively. Compared with healthcare workers who did not participate in front-line work, front-line healthcare workers had a higher risk of anxiety, insomnia and overall psychological problems. In addition, attention to negative or neutral information about the pandemic, receiving negative feedback from families and friends who joined front-line work, and unwillingness to join front-line work if given a free choice were three major factors for these psychological problems. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological problems are pervasive among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Receiving negative information and participating in front-line work appear to be important risk factors for psychological problems. The psychological health of different healthcare workers should be protected during the COVID-19 pandemic with timely interventions and proper information feedback.
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The prevalence of psychological distress among UMS front liners was low compared to previous studies from Singapore and China.
“the prevalence of psychological distress was low compared to previous studies from Singapore (8.9%, 14.5%, and 6.6% for depression, anxiety and stress, respectively) [6] and China (44.4%, 46.0%, and 28.8%, respectively) [45].”
From Seroprevalence of COVID-19 and Psychological Distress among Front Liners at the Universiti Malaysia Sabah Campus during the Third Wave of COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [45]
The Results report 44.37% depression and 46.04% anxiety among healthcare workers in China, matching the cited figures after rounding. But the reported 28.75% is for insomnia, not stress. The source does not provide the Singapore figures or measure the UMS front liners. (LLM, conf=0.93)
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- Authors
- Que, J., Shi, L., Deng, J., Liu, J., Zhang, L., Wu, S., Gong, Y., Huang, W., Yuan, K., Yan, W., Sun, Y., Ran, M., Bao, Y., & Lu, L.
- Affiliations
- Peking University (CN)
- Xiamen City Xianyue Hospital Xiamen Fujian China
- Peking University Sixth Hospital Peking University Institute of Mental Health NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) Beijing China
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Corresponding author
- Bao, Yanping
- Venue
- General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e100259-e100259
- ISSN
- 2096-5923 (ISSN-L)
- 2517-729X
- PMC
- PMC7299004
- OpenAlex
- W3034574392
- Cited by
- 568
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 161 · 2021: 210 · 2020: 39 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 49.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- General Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31900805, 81761128036, 81821092)
- Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (7194336)
- Special Research Fund of PKUHSC for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 (BMU2020HKYZX008)
- Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7194336)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers, mental illness, anxiety, depression, insomnia, physicians, nurses, medical residents, public health workforce, risk factors
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