Is the association between irritable bowel syndrome and abuse explained by neuroticism? A population based study
Open accessAbstract
Background —In outpatients and the community, an association between abuse (particularly sexual abuse) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been observed, but whether there is a causal link continues to be disputed. Aims —To test the hypothesis that psychological factors explain the apparent association between abuse and IBS. Methods —A sample of residents of Penrith (a Sydney suburb sociodemographically similar to the Australian population) selected randomly from the electoral rolls (that by law include the entire population of age 18 years and above) was mailed a validated self report questionnaire. Measured were gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including the Rome criteria for IBS, abuse (including the standardised Drossman questions), neuroticism (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire), and psychological morbidity (General Health Questionnaire). Results —The response rate was 64% (n=730); 12% fulfilled the Rome criteria for IBS. Overall abuse in childhood (odds ratio (OR)=2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29 to 3.15) but not adulthood (OR=1.39, 95% CI 0.88 to 2.19) was associazted with IBS univariately. Neuroticism and psychological morbidity were also univariately associated with abuse in childhood, abuse in adulthood, and IBS, respectively. However, by logistic regression, abuse in childhood was not associated with IBS after controlling for age, gender, and psychological factors (OR=1.34, 95% CI 0.83 to 2.17). The results were not altered by restricting the analyses to more severe forms of abuse, and were not explained by interactions between abuse and psychological variables. Conclusion —There is an association between abuse and IBS in the community, but this may be explained in part by other psychological factors. Based on a path analysis, we postulate that abuse may induce the expression of neuroticism that in turn leads to IBS.
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More recent population studies have suggested that earlier volunteer non-population-based studies may have been biased, but this view remains controversial.
“In contrast, more recent population studies (42–45) have suggested that the earlier volunteer non-population-based studies may have been biased, but this view is still controversial (16).”
From Psychosocial Distress and Somatic Symptoms in Community Subjects With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Psychological Component Is the Rule (2009) · cites this paper as [44]
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“Neuroticism is a strong predictor of functional GI disorders in the general population and of development of IBS after acute infectious diarrhea (19, 20).”
BackgroundPhysiologic Changes Associated With Violence and Abuse Exposure
Keeshin, B. R., Cronholm, P. F., & Strawn, J. R. (2011) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838011426152 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Psychosocial aspects of functional gastrointestinal disorders
Budavari, A. I., & Olden, K. W. (2003) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8553(03)00030-x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Trauma history and risk of the irritable bowel syndrome in women veterans
White, D. L., Savas, L. S., Daci, K., El‐Serag, R., Graham, D. P., Fitzgerald, S. J., Smith, S. L., Tan, G., & El‐Serag, H. B. (2010) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04387.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Extra‐intestinal manifestations associated with irritable bowel syndrome: a twin study
Svedberg, P., Johansson, S., Wallander, M. ‐., Hamelin, B., & Pedersen, N. L. (2002) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01254.x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Is there a causal link between psychological disorders and functional gastrointestinal disorders?
Koloski, N. A., Holtmann, G., & Talley, N. J. (2020) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1080/17474124.2020.1801414 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationUse of rifaximin in gastrointestinal and liver diseases
Shayto, R. H., Mrad, R. A., & Sharara, A. I. (2016) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i29.6638 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
5-HT (serotonin) physiology and related drugs
Gershon, M. D. (2000) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/00001574-200003000-00004 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Sickel, A. E., Noll, J. G., Moore, P. J., Putnam, F. W., & Trickett, P. K. (2002) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105302007005677 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
High Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Medical Outpatients in Japan
Shinozaki, M., Fukudo, S., Hongo, M., Shimosegawa, T., Sasaki, D., Matsueda, K., Harasawa, S., Miura, S., Mine, T., Kaneko, H., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e318150d006 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“However, this ratio was similar to those reported in earlier studies (approximately 60% of total sample).(19,35,36) Therefore, it is possible to compare the results of this study with those of previous studies.”
ResultBouzios, I., Chouliaras, G. L., Chrousos, G. P., Roma, E. S., & Gemou‐Engesaeth, V. (2016) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.12951 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Yılmaz, Ş., Dursun, M., Ertem, M., Canoruç, F., & Turhanoğlu, A. D. (2005) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2004.00377.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Baccini, F., Pallotta, N., Calabrese, E. J., Pezzotti, P., & Corazziari, E. (2003) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/s1590-8658(03)00075-6 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Chang, F. (2014) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i10.2499 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Anger and childhood sexual abuse are independently associated with irritable bowel syndrome
Beesley, H., Rhodes, J. M., & Salmon, P. (2009) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910709x466496 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Fritz, E. M., & Hammer, J. (2009) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0b013e328318ed19 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
T. Jones, G. (2016) · Current Rheumatology Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573397112666151231113438 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Tanum, U. F. M. L. (2000) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/003655200750022986 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Irritable bowel syndrome and chronic pelvic pain: A singular or two different clinical syndrome?
Matheis, A. (2007) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v13.i25.3446 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Irritable bowel syndrome in psychiatric perspectives: a comprehensive review
Pae, C., Masand, P. S., Ajwani, N., Lee, C., & Patkar, A. A. (2007) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01409.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Effect of Sexual and Physical Abuse on Symptom Experiences in Women With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Heitkemper, M. M., Jarrett, M. E., Taylor, P., Walker, E. A., Landenburger, K., & Bond, E. F. (2001) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200101000-00004 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Salmon, P., Hill, J., Krespi, M. R., Clark, L., Fisher, J., & Holcombe, C. (2006) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2006.05.024 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
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Romans, S. E., & Cohen, M. M. (2008) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10673220801933788 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Oudenhove, L. V., & Aziz, Q. (2009) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2009.07.004 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Neuroticism, ‘somatisation’, dissociation and psychiatric comorbidity have all been proposed as potential mediators of the relationship between abuse history and FGID, although some controversy remains [4,41,43,44].”
BackgroundChallenging Problems Presenting As Constipation
Stark, M. E. (1999) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9270(98)00798-9 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Grinsvall, C., Törnblom, H., Tack, J., Oudenhove, L. V., & Simrén, M. (2018) · United European Gastroenterology journal · doi:10.1177/2050640617715851 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“The association between IBS and abuse was largely mediated by psychological factors in a population-based study.(3) A history of sexual or physical abuse is linked to more severe pain, lower quality of life, and higher levels of extraintestinal symptoms in IBS.”
BackgroundGupta, A., Labus, J. S., Kilpatrick, L. A., Bonyadi, M., Ashe-McNalley, C., Heendeniya, N., Bradesi, S., Chang, L., & Mayer, E. A. (2015) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-015-0996-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“More recently, significant structural differences between female IBS patients compared to female HCs have shown significant decrease in sgACC thickness, with positive correlations with IBS symptom severity (Jiang et al. 2013).”
InfluentialLow, E. X. S., Mandhari, M. N. K., Herndon, C. C., Loo, E. X. L., Tham, E. H., & Siah, K. T. H. (2020) · Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility · doi:10.5056/jnm20109 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Lydiard, R. B. (2005) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900019878 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Towards an integrative model of irritable bowel syndrome
Naliboff, B. D., Chang, L., Munakata, J., & Mayer, E. A. (2000) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62154-8 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Joshee, S. R., Lim, L., Wybrecht, A., Berriesford, R., & Riddle, M. S. (2022) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.1136/jim-2021-002109 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Sansone, R. A., & Sansone, L. A. (2015) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The role of childhood trauma in chronic pain and fatigue
Luyten, P. (2008) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203885017-8 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Tursz, A. (2013) · Revue française des affaires sociales · doi:10.3917/rfas.125.0032 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Choudhury, B. K., Shi, X.-Z. P., & Sarna, S. K. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90673.2008 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Our findings agree with the epidemiological and clinical observations that adverse stressful life experiences, such as sexual abuse and neglect, in early stages of life predispose adult humans to developing IBS after an inflammatory episode (12, 19, 44, 46).”
ResultFitzGerald, L., Kehoe, P., & Sinha, K. (2009) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945909339320 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Elevated neuroticism values seen in the current IBS-D sample are consistent with reported values in the literature (Talley et al., 1998).”
ResultPathophysiological and Psychosocial Study in Patients With Functional Vomiting
Zhao, Y., Ke, M., Wang, Z., Wei, J., Zhu, L., Sun, X., & Zhang, J. (2010) · Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility · doi:10.5056/jnm.2010.16.3.274 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Abuse may induce the expression of abnormal personality traits that in turn leads to FGIDs.21 There was also an increased prevalence of abnormal psychological states in clinic patients with FGIDs (in our study, 83.3”
BackgroundInfluentialHypnosis for Irritable Bowel Syndrome:The Quest for the Mechanism of Action
Simrén, M. (2005) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207140500327239 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“One way of explaining this is that abuse history leads to IBS via neuroticism, rather than being a direct cause ( Talley, Boyce, & Jones, 1998 ).”
BackgroundRecollection of childhood abdominal pain in adults with functional gastrointestinal disorders
Chitkara, D. K., Talley, N. J., Schleck, C. D., Zinsmeister, A. R., Shah, N. D., & Locke, G. R. (2008) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365520802555975 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Childhood factors that are thought to contribute to the continuation of abdominal pain and progression of IBS include adverse psychosocial conditions [15], affluent childhood socio-economic status [16], infantile or childhood trauma [17,18], and learning to respond to physical symptoms with disability from parental re…”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationPsychosomatik viszeraler Schmerzsyndrome
Häuser, W., & Grandt, D. (2002) · Der Schmerz · doi:10.1007/s00482-002-0190-x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Abuse in Women and Men with and without Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Ålander, T., Heimer, G. M., Svärdsudd, K., & Agréus, L. (2007) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-007-0101-1 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“[22] found abuse to be significantly associated with IBS and/or functional dyspepsia, but less important when psychosocial factors were controlled for, a finding confirmed by others [49, 50].”
BackgroundResultVenter, M. D., Illegems, J., Royen, R. V., Moorkens, G. H., Sabbe, B., & Eede, F. V. D. (2017) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.07.006 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“to increase somatization tendencies [52].”
Rapoza, K. A., Wilson, D. T., Widmann, W. A., Riley, M. A., Robertson, T. W., Maiello, E., Villot, N., Manzella, D. J., & Ortiz-Garcia, A. L. (2014) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.01.009 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
SSRIs in IBS: sensing a dash of disappointment.
Talley, N. J. (2003) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s1542-3565(03)70030-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychosocial Assessment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Clinical Practice
Williams, M. J. A., Budavari, A. I., Olden, K. W., & Jones, M. P. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/01.mcg.0000180637.82011.bb · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychological Factors Affecting Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Porcelli, P., & Todarello, O. (2007) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000106796 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Fingerstick Helicobacter Pylori Antibody Test: Better Than Laboratory Serological Testing?
Laine, L., Knigge, K. L., Faigel, D. O., Margaret, N., Marquis, S., Vartan, G., & Fennerty, B. M. (1999) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9270(99)00569-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Genes and environment in irritable bowel syndrome: one step forward
Talley, N. J. (2006) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2006.108837 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Talley, N. J., Boyce, P. M., & Jones, M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Talley, N J
- ORCID
- Venue
- Gut
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1998-01-01
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 47-53
- ISSN
- 0017-5749 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3288
- PMC
- PMC1726948
- OpenAlex
- W2152492482
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 9.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gut (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Royal Australasian College of Physicians
- University of Sydney
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- irritable bowel syndrome, childhood abuse, adult abuse, neuroticism, psychological morbidity, sexual abuse, gastrointestinal symptoms, Rome criteria, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire, path analysis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child Abuse, Child Abuse, Sexual, Colonic Diseases, Functional, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neurotic Disorders, Personality Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Violence, Logistic Models
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