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Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep
Open accessAbstract
Leaders from the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology convened representatives of national organizations, content experts, methodologists, stakeholders, and end-users who followed rigorous and transparent guideline development procedures to create the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. These novel guidelines for children and youth aged 5-17 years respect the natural and intuitive integration of movement behaviours across the whole day (24-h period). The development process was guided by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument and systematic reviews of evidence informing the guidelines were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Four systematic reviews (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, integrated behaviours) examining the relationships between and among movement behaviours and several health indicators were completed and interpreted by expert consensus. Complementary compositional analyses were performed using Canadian Health Measures Survey data to examine the relationships between movement behaviours and health indicators. A stakeholder survey was employed (n = 590) and 28 focus groups/stakeholder interviews (n = 104) were completed to gather feedback on draft guidelines. Following an introductory preamble, the guidelines provide evidence-informed recommendations for a healthy day (24 h), comprising a combination of sleep, sedentary behaviours, light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity physical activity. Proactive dissemination, promotion, implementation, and evaluation plans have been prepared in an effort to optimize uptake and activation of the new guidelines. Future research should consider the integrated relationships among movement behaviours, and similar integrated guidelines for other age groups should be developed.
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In the citing paper
“In order to preserve both overall mental health and cognitive functioning, both Canada's 15 and Australia's 16 24-Hour Movement Guidelines have adopted a 'whole day time-use' paradigm for young people, recommending that each day should include at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous exercise, several hours of light physical activity, no more than two hours of sedentary leisure activities, and 8-11”
From A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Recent 24-h movement guidelines have promoted whole-day movement patterns that target both enhanced MVPA and restriction of sedentary time (ST).6”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“A specific policy in Japan (limiting the distance between the children and youth homes and the public elementary and junior high schools) 77 and the high density of Hong Kong, Japanese, and South Korean cities, allow children and youth to live a short trip away from their school, which can minimize the use of cars or other forms of motorized vehicles, and promote active travel.25,78,79”
From Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries (2018) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (aged 5 to 17 years) have been released in 2016 and recommend ≥60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), ≤2 h/day of recreational screen time, and 9 to 11 h of sleep per day for 5- to 13-year-olds or 8 to 10 h of sleep per day for 14- to 17-year-olds to support healthy development [17].”
In the citing paper
“To our knowledge, this is the first time the relationship between 24-h movement guidelines and mental health indicators in children and adolescents has been systematically reviewed since the release of aforementioned guidelines in 2016 [17].”
In the citing paper
“This is in line with current recommendations and previous research showing that MVPA, screen time and sleep duration are the components of the 24-h day that are more strongly associated with obesity and other health outcomes [2, 4, 11, 14].”
From Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study (2016) · cites this paper as [4]
Citations
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BackgroundGRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction—GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables
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“…seem inappropriate or counter-intuitive to include sedentary behaviour and sleep in a list of “movement behaviours”, we do so throughout this paper and the guidelines in the context of a movement continuum (Tremblay et al. 2010a) and to succinctly capture the relevant components of the whole day.”
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Cited by
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Meeting Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guideline recommendations and risk of all-cause mortality
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Self-citationCross-sectional associations between screen time and the selected lifestyle behaviors in adolescents
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Chang, V. C., Chaput, J., Roberts, K. C., Jayaraman, G., & Minh, T. (2018) · Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada · doi:10.24095/hpcdp.38.11.02 · Cited by 38
“Our results for the associations between sociodemographic factors and short sleep duration in the younger age groups are in line with previous research.17,43 For example, a recent United States birth cohort study showed that low maternal education, low household income and ethnicity (Black, Hispanic and Asian vs. Whit…”
InfluentialSelf-citationCrowe, M., Sampasa‐Kanyinga, H., Saunders, T. J., Hamilton, H. A., Benchimol, E. I., & Chaput, J. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/s41997-020-00313-6 · Cited by 42
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“This holistic and comprehensive approach towards health behaviors is included in the Canadian 24 h Movement Guideline [5].”
BackgroundGaskin, C. J., Hargous, C. V., Stephens, L. D., Nyam, G., Brown, V., Lander, N., Yoong, S., Morrissey, B., Allender, S. E., & Strugnell, C. (2024) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae019 · Cited by 40
“Public health recommendations are very similar across many jurisdictions, including the United States [5, 6], Canada [7], New Zealand [8], and Australia [9].”
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“Even though intervention children’s TPA levels increased significantly at follow-up, the average TPA accumulated was still below the recommended three hours of physical activity while in ECEC [15,16].”
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“For example, the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines have been proposed that integrate the balance of time spent per day in light to vigorous-intensity physical activity, SB and sleep to enhance health outcomes in those aged 5–17 years [56].”
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“However, most PA guidelines do not explicitly recommend a reduction in SB for this population [6, 13], except for the guidelines established from countries such as Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom [8, 17, 18].”
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“To acknowledge the importance for health and well-being of lifestyle behaviour throughout the 24-hour period, the Canadian 24-hour Movement Guidelines were published in 2016.(17) These guidelines provide recommendations for sleep hygiene (i.”
MethodChanges in the school and non-school sedentary time in youth: The UP&DOWN longitudinal study
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“…screen time and accelerometer-measured ST is an indicator of stationary behaviour that has not been consistently associated with diseases (Cabanas-Sánchez et al., 2019; Carson et al., 2016), public health guidelines recommend that children and adolescents limit their ST (Tremblay et al., 2016).”
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“Future studies could also consider other important health-related lifestyle behaviours, such as sleep [9].”
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Backgroundthe CCWS Expert Panel Group, Faulkner, G., Ramanathan, S., & KWAN, M. Y. W. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7255-6 · Cited by 40
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“55 신체활동의 중요성이 강조됨에 따라 미국, 캐나다, 호주 및 유럽 국가들에서는 국가 차원에서 56 신체활동 관련 지침을 개발하여 국민들에게 적극적으로 신체활동을 권고하고 있으며 [4-8], 57”
Gallant, F., Thibault, V., Hébert, J. J., Gunnell, K. E., & Bélanger, M. F. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-00964-1 · Cited by 34
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“Unfortunately, low adherence to PA in Spanish children and adolescents [16], as well as a lack of compliance with the international recommendations on screen time (<120 min per day) [19] was recently reported.”
BackgroundClimate change, 24-hour movement behaviors, and health: a mini umbrella review
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Ferrari, G., Alberico, C. O., Drenowatz, C. J., Kovalskys, I., Gómez, G., Rigotti, A., Cortés, L. Y., García, M. C. Y., Liria-Domínguez, M. R., Herrera‐Cuenca, M., et al. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12613-2 · Cited by 31
Zhang, P., Tang, X., Peng, X., Hao, G., Luo, S., & Liang, X. (2022) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107014 · Cited by 32
Wilson, O. W. A., Ikeda, E., Hinckson, E. A., Mandic, S., Richards, J. A., Duncan, S., Kira, G., Maddison, R., Meredith-Jones, K. A., Chisholm, L., et al. (2022) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.009 · Cited by 41
Bao, R., Qin, H., Memon, A. R., Chen, S., López‐Gil, J. F., Liu, S., Zou, L., & Cai, Y. (2024) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-024-05461-2 · Cited by 37
de Mello, G. T., Minatto, G., da Costa, R. M., Leech, R. M., Cao, Y., Lee, R. E., & da Silva, K. S. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18364-6 · Cited by 31
“Sleep was classified as High (> 13 h – 3–4 years old; > 11 h – 5–13 years old; > 10 h – 14–17 years old); Sufficient (10–13 h – 3–4 years old; 9–11 h – 5–13 years old; 8–10 h – 14–17 years old); and Low (< 10 h – 3–4 years old; < 9 h—5–13 years old; < 8 h – 14–17 years old) [47, 48].”
Active 10 – A new approach to increase physical activity in inactive people in England
Brannan, M. G. T., Foster, C. E., Timpson, C. M., Clarke, N., Sunyer, E., Amlani, A., & MURPHY, M. H. (2019) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2019.02.001 · Cited by 31
Hidding, L. M., Chinapaw, M. J. M., Belmon, L. S., & Altenburg, T. M. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-00965-0 · Cited by 31
Pfefferbaum, B. J., & Horn, R. L. V. (2022) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01366-9 · Cited by 40
Increased physical activity reduces sleep disturbances in asthma: A randomized controlled trial
Passos, N. F. P., Freitas, P. D., Carvalho‐Pinto, R. M., Cukier, A., & Carvalho, C. R. F. (2022) · Respirology · doi:10.1111/resp.14359 · Cited by 31
“Second, changes toward an active lifestyle lead to a daily balance of sleep, sedentary behaviours and PA.(24) In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a behavioural intervention to increase PADL on sleep quality in adults with asthma.”
BackgroundMethodEarly Postinjury Screen Time and Concussion Recovery
Cairncross, M., Yeates, K. O., Tang, K., Madigan, S. L., Beauchamp, M. H., Craig, W. R., Doan, Q. H., Zemek, R. L., Kowalski, K. A., & Silverberg, N. D. (2022) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2022-056835 · Cited by 31
Gao, Y., Yu, Q., Schuch, F. B., Herold, F., Hossain, M. M., Ludyga, S., Gerber, M., Mullen, S. P., Yeung, A., Kramer, A. F., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.017 · Cited by 35
Self-citationLiang, W., Wang, Y., Huang, Q., Shang, B., Su, N., Zhou, L., Rhodes, R. E., Baker, J. S., & Duan, Y. (2024) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/46072 · Cited by 34
“In recent decades, an increasing collection of evidence has supported the combined effects on health among different populations, including preschool children [32], school children [33-36], adolescents [33,36], and adults and older adults [30,31].”
BackgroundSit, C. H. P., Yu, J. J., Huang, Y., Wong, M. C. S., Sum, R. K. W., Tremblay, M. S., & Wong, S. H.-S. (2020) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2020.05.004 · Cited by 30
Self-citationChemtob, K., Reid, R. E. R., Guimarães, R. D. F., Henderson, M., Mathieu, M.-E., Barnett, T. A., Tremblay, A., & Hulst, A. V. (2020) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.12730 · Cited by 30
“To describe the proportion of youth meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines, specific cut offs were used to denote meeting each movement behaviour component.(3)”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTomasone, J. R., Kauffeldt, K. D., Morgan, T. L., Magor, K. W., Latimer‐Cheung, A. E., Faulkner, G., Ross‐White, A., Poitras, V. J., Kho, M. E., & Ross, R. (2020) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2020-0251 · Cited by 29
“Introduction Rationale Canada is a leader in the development of national integrated behaviour recommendations, having released 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth in 2016 (Tremblay et al. 2016) and for the Early Years in 2017 (Tremblay et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationKnebel, M. T. G., da Costa, B. G. G., dos Santos, P. C., de Sousa, A. C. F. C., & da Silva, K. S. (2021) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2021.05.004 · Cited by 30
Zhang, J., Marino, C., Canale, N., Charrier, L., Lazzeri, G., Nardone, P., & Vieno, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052576 · Cited by 31
“Furthermore, it is well known that sleep and physical activity are the main determinants that maximize health according to the 24-h movement guidelines for children and adolescents [22,23].”
BackgroundAssociations of Passive and Active Screen Time With Psychosomatic Complaints of Adolescents
Khan, A., Lee, E., Janssen, I., & Tremblay, M. S. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.01.008 · Cited by 40
Self-citationLi, C., Haegele, J. A., Sun, F., Alves, M. L. T., Ang, S. H. C., Lee, J., Ng, K., Alves, I. D. O. L., Healy, S., Huang, Y., et al. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-022-00488-5 · Cited by 30
Yang, Y., Yuan, S., Liu, Q., Li, F., Dong, Y., Dong, B., Zou, Z., Ma, J., Baker, J. S., Li, X., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14142822 · Cited by 30
“Students aged 5 to 13 who slept for 9 to 11 h at night and those aged 14 to 17 who slept for 8 to 10 h at night, and maintained a consistent bedtime and wake time, met the SLP guidelines [16].”
BackgroundInfluential24-Hour movement behaviors among visually impaired US children and adolescents
Hou, M., Herold, F., Healy, S., Haegele, J. A., Block, M. E., Ludyga, S., Schuch, F. B., Ng, J. L., Gerber, M., Hossain, M. M., et al. (2023) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2023.100545 · Cited by 30
Dabravolskaj, J., Veugelers, P. J., Amores, A., Leatherdale, S. T., Patte, K. A., & Maximova, K. (2023) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-023-01436-y · Cited by 29
“[32] Substance use behaviours are not recommended.”
Long-term outcomes of pulmonary embolism in children and adolescents
Bastas, D., Brandão, L. R., Vincelli, J., Wilson, D., Perrem, L., Guerra, V., Wong, G., Bentley, R. F., Tole, S., Schneiderman, J. E., et al. (2023) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2023021953 · Cited by 29
Taylor, S. L., Curry, W. B., Knowles, Z. R., Noonan, R. J., McGrane, B., & Fairclough, S. J. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14050534 · Cited by 30
Results from South Korea's 2018 Report Card on physical activity for children and youth
Oh, J.-W., Lee, E., Lim, J., Lee, S.-H., Jin, Y.-S., Song, B. K., Oh, B., Lee, C. G., Lee, D. H., Lee, H. J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2018.10.006 · Cited by 29
“Complex Samples Design Cross Tabulations were calculated to describe the prevalence of Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behaviors, and School.”
BackgroundOrr, K., Wright, F. V., Grassmann, V., McPherson, A. C., Faulkner, G., & Arbour‐Nicitopoulos, K. P. (2019) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2019.1603731 · Cited by 29
Self-citationIncreasing socioeconomic disparities in sedentary behaviors in Chinese children
Gong, W. J., Fong, D., Wang, M. P., Lam, T.-H., Chung, T. W.-H., & Ho, S. Y. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7092-7 · Cited by 32
Movement Behaviors and Perceived Loneliness and Sadness within Alaskan Adolescents
Burns, R. D., Bai, Y., Pfledderer, C. D., Brusseau, T. A., & Byun, W. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186866 · Cited by 29
“Because many populations of youth do not meet recommendations for these movement behaviors [1,2], the examination of these behaviors concurrently using various analytic approaches is of importance to yield new information that can be applied within school- and community-based settings.”
BackgroundInfluentialZhan, X.-Z., Clark, C. C. T., Bao, R., Duncan, M., Hong, J.-T., & Chen, S.-T. (2021) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2020.11.009 · Cited by 20
Liang, K., Martins, C., Chen, S., Clark, C. C. T., Duncan, M. J., Bu, H., Huang, L., & Chi, X. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9091166 · Cited by 29
Cyberbullying involvement and short sleep duration among adolescents
Sampasa‐Kanyinga, H., Lien, A., Hamilton, H. A., & Chaput, J. (2022) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2021.11.009 · Cited by 33
Self-citationJulian, V., Bergsten, P., Forslund, A. H., Ahlström, H. K., Ciba, I., Dahlbom, M., Furthner, D., Gomahr, J., Kullberg, J., Maruszczak, K., et al. (2022) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.12897 · Cited by 32
“Sleep will be an important parameter to include in future research studies as some studies investigating separately sleep, sedentary time and PA showed that insufficient sleep would have negative impacts on children's cardiometabolic health.(61,62)”
BackgroundWilkie, H. J., Standage, M., Gillison, F., Cumming, S. P., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5382-0 · Cited by 31
“These categories were chosen in line with screen time recommendations, [34] previous research, [35, 36] and based on a frequency analysis of the current data.”
MethodSelf-citationWellman, R. J., Sylvestre, M., Nader, P. A., Chioléro, A., Mésidor, M., Dugas, E. N., Tougri, G., & O’Loughlin, J. L. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.13806 · Cited by 33
Ke, Y., Chen, S., Hong, J., Liang, Y., & Liu, Y. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280248 · Cited by 29
“According to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, meeting the ST guideline requires a total daily ST� 2h per day [8].”
MethodPohl, D., Alpous, A., Hamer, S., & Longmuir, P. E. (2018) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.05.010 · Cited by 28
Patte, K., Qian, W., Cole, A., Faulkner, G., Chaput, J., Carson, V., & Leatherdale, S. (2019) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2018.09.020 · Cited by 24
Self-citationProportions of youth with visual impairments meeting 24‐hr movement guidelines
Haegele, J. A., Zhu, X., Healy, S., & Patterson, F. (2020) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.12747 · Cited by 28
“The 24-hr movement framework, presented by Tremblay et al. (2016), includes recommendations for youth to engage in (a) ≥60 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA, (b) ≤120 min of recreational screen time, and (c) 9 to 11 hr of sleep per night for those aged 5–13 years and 8 to 10 hr per night for those…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTanaka, C., Tremblay, M. S., Okuda, M., Inoue, S., & Tanaka, S. (2020) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2020.05.003 · Cited by 30
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Tremblay, M. S., Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Connor Gorber, S., Dinh, T., Duggan, M., Faulkner, G., Gray, C. E., Gruber, R., Janson, K., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Kho, M. E., Latimer-Cheung, A. E., LeBlanc, C., Okely, A. D., Olds, T., Pate, R. R., Phillips, A., Poitras, V. J., Rodenburg, S., Sampson, M., Saunders, T. J., Stone, J. A., Stratton, G., Weiss, S. K., & Zehr, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
- Conference Board of Canada (CA)
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CA)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CA)
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- ParticipACTION (CA)
- Queen's University (CA)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
- McGill University (CA)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
- University of South Carolina (US)
- No affiliation.
- University of Prince Edward Island (CA)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Swansea University (GB)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Camosun College (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 6 (Suppl. 3)
- Pages
- S311-S327
- ISSN
- 1715-5312 (ISSN-L)
- 1715-5320
- OpenAlex
- W2435437921
- Cited by
- 2,024
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 178 · 2025: 241 · 2024: 246 · 2023: 264 · 2022: 285 · 2021: 270 · 2020: 223 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 108 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 19
- FWCI
- 84.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- IslandScholar (University of Prince Edward Island) (submittedVersion)
- QSpace (Queen's University Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- 24-hour movement guidelines, children and young people, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, light physical activity, moderate physical activity, high-intensity exercise, health indicators, AGREE II, GRADE, Canadian Health Measures Survey, stakeholder engagement
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Canada, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Sleep, Health Behavior, Exercise, Focus Groups, Guidelines as Topic, Sedentary Behavior
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