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Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep
Open accessAbstract
Leaders from the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology convened representatives of national organizations, content experts, methodologists, stakeholders, and end-users who followed rigorous and transparent guideline development procedures to create the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. These novel guidelines for children and youth aged 5-17 years respect the natural and intuitive integration of movement behaviours across the whole day (24-h period). The development process was guided by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument and systematic reviews of evidence informing the guidelines were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Four systematic reviews (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, integrated behaviours) examining the relationships between and among movement behaviours and several health indicators were completed and interpreted by expert consensus. Complementary compositional analyses were performed using Canadian Health Measures Survey data to examine the relationships between movement behaviours and health indicators. A stakeholder survey was employed (n = 590) and 28 focus groups/stakeholder interviews (n = 104) were completed to gather feedback on draft guidelines. Following an introductory preamble, the guidelines provide evidence-informed recommendations for a healthy day (24 h), comprising a combination of sleep, sedentary behaviours, light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity physical activity. Proactive dissemination, promotion, implementation, and evaluation plans have been prepared in an effort to optimize uptake and activation of the new guidelines. Future research should consider the integrated relationships among movement behaviours, and similar integrated guidelines for other age groups should be developed.
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In the citing paper
“In order to preserve both overall mental health and cognitive functioning, both Canada's 15 and Australia's 16 24-Hour Movement Guidelines have adopted a 'whole day time-use' paradigm for young people, recommending that each day should include at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous exercise, several hours of light physical activity, no more than two hours of sedentary leisure activities, and 8-11”
From A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Recent 24-h movement guidelines have promoted whole-day movement patterns that target both enhanced MVPA and restriction of sedentary time (ST).6”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“A specific policy in Japan (limiting the distance between the children and youth homes and the public elementary and junior high schools) 77 and the high density of Hong Kong, Japanese, and South Korean cities, allow children and youth to live a short trip away from their school, which can minimize the use of cars or other forms of motorized vehicles, and promote active travel.25,78,79”
From Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries (2018) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (aged 5 to 17 years) have been released in 2016 and recommend ≥60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), ≤2 h/day of recreational screen time, and 9 to 11 h of sleep per day for 5- to 13-year-olds or 8 to 10 h of sleep per day for 14- to 17-year-olds to support healthy development [17].”
In the citing paper
“To our knowledge, this is the first time the relationship between 24-h movement guidelines and mental health indicators in children and adolescents has been systematically reviewed since the release of aforementioned guidelines in 2016 [17].”
In the citing paper
“This is in line with current recommendations and previous research showing that MVPA, screen time and sleep duration are the components of the 24-h day that are more strongly associated with obesity and other health outcomes [2, 4, 11, 14].”
From Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study (2016) · cites this paper as [4]
Citations
Cites
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BackgroundGRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction—GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables
Guyatt, G., Oxman, A. D., Akl, E. A., Kunz, R., Vist, G., Brozek, J., Norris, S., Falck-Ytter, Y., Glasziou, P., & deBeer, H. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026 · Cited by 10,681 · cited 3×
“The guideline development procedures used here followed comprehensive, rigorous, and transparent processes (Brouwers et al. 2010a; Guyatt et al. 2011; Tremblay and Haskell 2012) incorporating systematic review findings, consultation findings, compositional analysis findings, and expert, stakeholder, and end-user input…”
MethodGRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence
Balshem, H., Helfand, M., Schünemann, H. J., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Vist, G. E., Falck-Ytter, Y., Meerpohl, J., & Norris, S. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015 · Cited by 8,285 · cited 2×
“For all systematic reviews, the quality of evidence was assessed by outcome/indicator and study design, using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach (Balshem et al. 2011; Guyatt et al. 2011).”
MethodAGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care
Brouwers, M. C., Kho, M. E., Browman, G. P., Burgers, J. S., Cluzeau, F., Feder, G., Fervers, B., Graham, I. D., Grimshaw, J., Hanna, S. E., et al. (2010) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.090449 · Cited by 3,790 · cited 4×
“The guideline development procedures used here followed comprehensive, rigorous, and transparent processes (Brouwers et al. 2010a; Guyatt et al. 2011; Tremblay and Haskell 2012) incorporating systematic review findings, consultation findings, compositional analysis findings, and expert,…”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationPoitras, V. J., Gray, C. E., Borghese, M. M., Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Pate, R. R., Connor Gorber, S., Kho, M. E., et al. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0663 · Cited by 2,217
Self-citationSystematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth.
Tremblay, M. S., LeBlanc, A. G., Kho, M. E., Saunders, T. J., Larouche, R., Colley, R. C., Goldfield, G., & Gorber, S. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-98 · Cited by 2,085
Self-citationPhysiological and health implications of a sedentary lifestyle
Tremblay, M. S., Colley, R. C., Saunders, T. J., Healy, G. N., & Owen, N. G. (2010) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h10-079 · Cited by 1,572 · cited 4×
“…seem inappropriate or counter-intuitive to include sedentary behaviour and sleep in a list of “movement behaviours”, we do so throughout this paper and the guidelines in the context of a movement continuum (Tremblay et al. 2010a) and to succinctly capture the relevant components of the whole day.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationManaging Clinical Knowledge for Health Care Improvement
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Owens, J., ADOLESCENT SLEEP WORKING GROUP, COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE, Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., Adelman, W. P., Breuner, C. C., et al. (2014) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1696 · Cited by 1,413 · cited 2×
“2011; ParticipACTION 2015, 2016), sleep (Chaput et al. 2016; Owens 2014; Matricciani et al. 2012; ParticipACTION 2016), and obesity (Gotay et al.”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Colley R.C., 2011, Health Rep., 22, 15
- Pedisic Z., 2014, Kinesiology, 46, 135
- Tremblay M.S., 2007, Health Rep., 18, 7
Cited by
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Items 701–800 of 1,001
Vanderloo, L. M., Omand, J. A., Keown‐Stoneman, C. D. G., Janus, M., Tremblay, M. S., Maguire, J. L., Borkhoff, C. M., Lebovic, G., Parkin, P. C., Mamdani, M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000986 · Cited by 14
“Exposure Variables—Movement Behaviors The primary area of interest was meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines.7,15 For children aged 4 years, recommendations include the following: at least 180 min/d spent in a variety of physical activities spread throughout the day, of which at least 60 minutes is energeti…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationIrvine, D. S., Lee, E., Janssen, I., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2022) · Dialogues in Health · doi:10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100029 · Cited by 14
Self-citationEcological correlates related to adolescent movement behaviors: A latent class analysis
Caetano, I. T., Miranda, V. P. N., dos Santos, F. K., & Amorim, P. R. D. S. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271111 · Cited by 13
“Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior are considered movement behaviors [1] associated with lifestyle; reduced PA levels and high sedentary time are recognized as significant risk factors for the development of chronic diseases in adolescence [2].”
BackgroundLiang, J., Zhao, Y., Chen, Y. C., Jiang, N., Zhang, S. X., Huang, S., Kakaer, A., & Chen, Y. J. (2022) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02462-6 · Cited by 15
“Many countries support various types of PA as the preferred intervention (such as aerobic exercise, resistance training, balance activities, and musclestrengthening activities) [16, 17], as do the World Health Organization guidelines [18].”
BackgroundCarson, V., Zhang, Z., Predy, M., Pritchard, L., & Hesketh, K. D. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01397-8 · Cited by 14
“school-aged children and youth (5–17 years) [2] and adults (18 + years), recommendations are provided for three movement behaviours: physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep [3].”
BackgroundSelf-citationRamírez‐Vélez, R., Izquierdo, M., López‐Gil, J. F., Rincón‐Pabón, D., Martínez‐Jamioy, E. N., Rivera‐Ruíz, R., Castellanos‐Montaña, S., Atencio‐Osorio, M. A., Carrillo, H. A., Alonso-Martínez, A. M., et al. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.14320 · Cited by 14
Korcz, A., Krzysztoszek, J., Bronikowski, M., Łopatka, M., & Bojkowski, Ł. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16230-5 · Cited by 21
“Additionally, guidelines recommend limiting recreational screen time to no more than 2h per day and ensuring sufficient sleep (9 to 11h of sleep for children aged 5–13years) [13].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialChen, S., Liang, K., López‐Gil, J. F., Drenowatz, C. J., & Tremblay, M. S. (2024) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1002/ejsc.12034 · Cited by 14
“According to the Canadian 24 ‐ Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (Tremblay et al., 2016a (13–17 years), respectively, was considered as meeting the sleep guidelines.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationChen, S., Brown, D. M. Y., Parker, K. E., & Lee, E. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.14609 · Cited by 15
Sigmundová, D., Voráčová, J., Dygrýn, J., Vorlíček, M., & Sigmund, E. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11060710 · Cited by 14
“Quantifications of achieving PA recommendations were based on World Health Organization guidelines and Canadian 24 movement guidelines [37–39] and meeting the PA recommendation was defined as participating in at least 180 min/day of total PA and at least 60 min/day of MVPA in children aged 3 or 4…”
MethodCasado-Robles, C., Mayorga-Vega, D., Guijarro-Romero, S., & Viciana, J. (2020) · RICYDE Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte · doi:10.5232/ricyde2020.06005 · Cited by 14
The Length and Number of Sedentary Bouts Predict Fibrinogen Levels in Postmenopausal Women
Izzicupo, P., Blasio, A. D., Credico, A. D., Gaggi, G., Vamvakis, A., Napolitano, G., Ricci, F., Gallina, S., Ghinassi, B., & Baldassarre, A. D. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17093051 · Cited by 15
Caru, M., Curnier, D. Y., Lévesque, A., Sultan, S., Marcil, V., Laverdière, C., Sinnett, D., Romo, L., & Kern, L. (2020) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-020-03294-8 · Cited by 17
Virgara, R., Lewis, L. K., Phillips, A., Richardson, M., & Maher, C. A. (2020) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-020-02352-x · Cited by 14
Self-citationVanderloo, L. M., Maguire, J. L., Keown‐Stoneman, C. D. G., Parkin, P. C., Borkhoff, C. M., Tremblay, M. S., Anderson, L. N., Birken, C. S., & _, _. (2021) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2020-0249 · Cited by 14
“Among school-aged children, Katzmarzyk and Staiano (32) reported that meeting an increased number of recommendations from the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (52) was associated with lower levels of CMR factors (namely, glucose and triglycerides) and obesity among children aged 5 – 17 years (32).”
Self-citationO’Brien, W., Coppinger, T. C., Hogan, I., Belton, S., MURPHY, M. H., Powell, C., & Woods, C. B. (2021) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2020-0386 · Cited by 14
Are Family Physical Activity Habits Passed on to Their Children?
Zovko, V., Djuric, S., Sember, V., & Jurak, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.741735 · Cited by 25
“According to current guidelines (Tremblay et al., 2016;WorldHealthOrganization, 2020), which provide evidence-based recommendations for a healthy day (24 h), a combination of sleep, sedentary behaviors, light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity (PA) is essential for a healthy life.”
BackgroundA dual process model to predict adolescents’ screen time and physical activity
Aulbach, M. B., Konttinen, H. M., Gardner, B., Kujala, E., Araújo‐Soares, V., Sniehotta, F. F., Lintunen, T., Haukkala, A., & Hankonen, N. E. (2021) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2021.1988598 · Cited by 16
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“Following past research [10], to evaluate the adherence to the 24-h MG among study participants, the following standards for each movement behavior were applied: (1) physical activity: MVPA for 60 min per day; (2) screen time: less than 2 h of screen time per day; (3) sleep duration: 9–11 h of sleep within 24 h.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialUncovering the Heterogeneity in Fitness App Use: A Latent Class Analysis of Chinese Users
Jiang, L., Sun, M., & Huang, G. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710679 · Cited by 14
Chang, R.-Y., Chen, T.-L., Yeh, C., Chen, C., Wang, Q.-W., Toung, T. J. K., & Liao, C. (2023) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s382956 · Cited by 14
Physical Activity Epidemiology
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Self-citationSleep Disturbances in Survivors of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Their Siblings
Russell, K. B., Merz, E. L., Reynolds, K. A., Schulte, F., & Tomfohr‐Madsen, L. M. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa043 · Cited by 14
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Mayorga-Vega, D., Casado-Robles, C., Viciana, J., & Fernández, I. L. (2019) · PubMed Central · Cited by 14
Li, Q., Li, L., Li, C., & Wang, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1477018 · Cited by 19
Li, L., Sheehan, C., Petrov, M. E. R., & Mattingly, J. L. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106812 · Cited by 13
Mo, Z., Wang, H., Zhang, B., Ding, G., Popkin, B. M., & Du, S. (2022) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxab446 · Cited by 13
Krietsch, K. N., Duraccio, K. M., Zhang, N., Saelens, B. E., Howarth, T., Combs, A., & Beebe, D. W. (2022) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2022.01.003 · Cited by 13
Sanz-Martín, D., Melguizo-Ibáñez, E., Tendero, G. R., & Ubago-Jiménez, J. L. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19127463 · Cited by 14
“Although it is recommended for adolescents to spend no more than two hours per day on recreational screen time and to avoid prolonged continuous screen time [27], the levels found are higher than those recommended [28–31].”
BackgroundHaider, I., Brown, D. M. Y., Bray, S. R., Dutta, P., Rhodes, R. E., & KWAN, M. Y. W. (2022) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2022.2138496 · Cited by 12
“Based on the youth physical activity component of the 24-hr movement guidelines (i.e., engaging on average 60 min of MVPA per week (Tremblay et al., 2016)), physical activity behaviour was dichotomised as su ffi ciently ( ≥ 420 min of reported MVPA) or insu ffi ciently active ( 420 min of reported…”
MethodBrown, D. M. Y., Porter, C. D., Hamilton, F., Almanza, F., Narvid, C., Pish, M., & Arizabalo, D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192315604 · Cited by 16
“The recent emergence of the 24-h movement paradigm has helped to garner more attention for the importance of engaging in a healthy balance of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep over the course of a full day for healthy development during childhood and adolescence [19].”
BackgroundXu, W., & Wang, L. (2023) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.13035 · Cited by 13
Silva, D. A. S., Duncan, M. J., Kuzik, N., & Tremblay, M. S. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.004 · Cited by 13
Self-citationSihoe, C. E., Mueller, U., & Liu, S. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100335 · Cited by 15
The Goldilocks Day for healthy adiposity measures among children and adolescents
Rasmussen, C. L., Gába, A., Stanford, T., Dygrýn, J., Dumuid, D., Janda, D., & Hron, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1158634 · Cited by 12
Fanxing, K., Gao, Y., Herold, F., Hossain, M. M., Yeung, A., Ng, J. L., Kramer, A. F., & Zou, L. (2023) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101806 · Cited by 17
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“Several countries have introduced comprehensive recommendations for adolescent health behaviours, such as Canada’s 24-hour Movement Guidelines (Tremblay et al., 2016).”
BackgroundEffects of exercise on sleep in children with overweight/obesity: a randomized clinical trial
Torres‐Lopez, L. V., Migueles, J. H., Cadenas‐Sánchez, C., Bendtsen, M., Henriksson, P., Mora-González, J., Löf, M., Chaput, J., & Ortega, F. B. (2023) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23945 · Cited by 15
“As a result, the attainment of sleep duration recommendations (uninterrupted 9 – 11 h of sleep/night) is decreasing in children [3].”
BackgroundSelf-citationChen, J., Fang, X., Zhang, F., Shen, J., Liu, Y., Xu, P., Ye, R., Zhong, Q., Chen, G., Wang, Z., et al. (2024) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-024-03534-5 · Cited by 15
“At present, many countries and regions, such as Canada and New Zealand, have developed physical activity guidelines for adults or adolescents based on 24-h movement behaviors [27, 28].”
BackgroundSocial media use and sleep health among adolescents in Canada
Lafontaine-Poissant, F., Lang, J. J., McKinnon, B., Simard, I., Roberts, K. C., Wong, S. L., Chaput, J., Janssen, I., Boniel‐Nissim, M., & Gariépy, G. (2024) · Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada · doi:10.24095/hpcdp.44.7/8.05 · Cited by 13
Self-citationTanveer, M., Asghar, E., Bădicu, G., Tanveer, U., Roy, N., Zeba, A., Al-Mhanna, S. B., & Batrakoulis, A. (2024) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports12090235 · Cited by 13
Feng, J., Huang, Y., Chen, Z., Jiao, J., Khan, A., Nisar, M., & Wong, S. H.-S. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02113-1 · Cited by 14
“The 24-h movement guidelines, which provide recommendations for the integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep within a 24-h period, have been proposed to recognise the interrelationships among these behaviours [9, 10].”
Li, J.-M., Chen, Y.-X., Herold, F., Logan, N. E., Brown, D. M. Y., Haegele, J., Zhang, Z.-H., Taylor, A., Dastamooz, S., Geber, M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.039 · Cited by 13
Expert’s Choice: 2018’s Most Exciting Research in the Field of Pediatric Exercise Science
Eliakim, A., Falk, B., Armstrong, N., Baptista, F., Behm, D. G., Dror, N., Faigenbaum, A. D., Janz, K. F., Jürimäe, J., McGowan, A. L., et al. (2019) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2019-0010 · Cited by 15
“limiting sedentary behavior and screen time (158), we elected to”
BackgroundTenorio, S. E., Clemente, J. A. J., Solana, A. A., Martín-Albó, J., & Casterad, J. Z. (2020) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2019-0320 · Cited by 13
“The objectives of this study were 2-fold: (1) to examine the relationship between objectively assessed MVPA and academic achievement in adolescents, contemplating the possibility of both linear and nonlinear associations, and (2) to explore the relationship between the level of compliance with MVPA recommendations in…”
MethodSudholz, B., Ayala, A. M. C., Timperio, A. F., Dunstan, D. W., Conroy, D. E., Abbott, G., Holland, B. V., Arundell, L., & Salmon, J. (2020) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.05.002 · Cited by 13
“7 Some countries have generated public health guidelines recommending that adolescents reduce and break up their sitting time throughout the day.(8,9) Thus, reducing and breaking up prolonged periods of sitting time at school represents a potential preventative health strategy for young people.”
BackgroundBremer, E., Ginis, K. A. M., Bassett-Gunter, R. L., & Arbour‐Nicitopoulos, K. P. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17165925 · Cited by 13
“Items from the IPAQ-A were modified such that participants were asked to recall their child’s total minutes of activity, irrespective of being in bouts of 10 or more minutes to better align with the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines [34] and ensure that incidental activity was captured.”
MethodBudzynski‐Seymour, E., Milton, K. E., Mills, H., Wade, M., Foster, C., Vishnubala, D., Baxter, B., Williamson, C., & Steele, J. (2021) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2020-0832 · Cited by 14
Gómez-García, M., Bia, D., & Zócalo, Y. (2021) · Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease · doi:10.3390/jcdd8060062 · Cited by 14
“Compliance with 24 h movement international recommendations was analyzed [3].”
MethodGale, J. T., Haszard, J. J., Scott, T., & Peddie, M. C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18158077 · Cited by 13
“However, based on increasing evidence to suggest that light physical activity also provides some health benefits [14], recommendations are increasingly including messages to replace sedentary time with light physical activity and/or MVPA [15,16].”
BackgroundLin, Y., & Mâsse, L. C. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101565 · Cited by 17
Materová, E., Pelclová, J., Gába, A., & Frömel, K. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12766-0 · Cited by 13
Elmesmari, R., Reilly, J. J., & Paton, J. Y. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052912 · Cited by 13
“Sleep duration recommendations 10–13 h per night in children aged 3–4 years, and 9–11 h per night in children aged 5–13 years, with consistent bed and wake-up times [5,6].”
BackgroundInfluentialArbour‐Nicitopoulos, K. P., James, M. E., Moore, S. A., Sharma, R., & Ginis, K. A. M. (2022) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/pxac007 · Cited by 13
López‐Gil, J. F., Smith, L., López‐Bueno, R., & López, P. J. T. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.871238 · Cited by 13
Wearable Artificial Intelligence for Assessing Physical Activity in High School Children
Ahmed, A., Aziz, S., Qidwai, U. A., Farooq, F., Shan, J., Subramanian, M., Chouchane, L., EINatour, R., Abd-Alrazaq, A. A., Pandas, S., et al. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15010638 · Cited by 17
Objectively measured active transportation to school and other destinations among 10–13 year olds
Williams, G. C., Borghese, M. M., & Janssen, I. (2018) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0634-4 · Cited by 13
“The average of 11 min/day of active transportation in this study represents only 18% of the target needed to meet the public health recommendation of 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [35].”
BackgroundSelf-citationWilliams, G. C., Battista, K., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2019) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100956 · Cited by 13
Choi, Y., Lee, D. Y., Lee, S., Park, E. J., Yoo, H. J., & Shin, Y. (2021) · Journal of korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.5765/jkacap.210015 · Cited by 14
CaiHong, H., Memon, A. R., Liang, C., Hong, J., Lin, Y., & Chen, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.719742 · Cited by 13
“The present research indicated that only ∼20% of adolescents participated in the recommended level of PA [60min of moderate to vigorous PA daily (5)], indicating a lower level of PA among adolescents.”
BackgroundWalters, A. J., Lithopoulos, A., Tennant, E. M., Weissman, S. E., & Latimer‐Cheung, A. E. (2022) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.13064 · Cited by 12
Self-citationSun, Y., Liu, Y., Yin, X., Li, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, F., Guo, Y., & Sun, P. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20021408 · Cited by 12
“Compliance was judged according to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth [4].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKhan, A., Ahmed, K. R., & Lee, E. (2023) · Sports Medicine and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.003 · Cited by 13
“1,34 Participants were also asked to report time spent sleeping on a weekday and a weekend day.”
BackgroundMethodBao, R., Yang, Z., Memon, A. R., Chen, S., Wang, L., & Cai, Y. (2023) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.13191 · Cited by 12
Liu, Z., Herold, F., Healy, S., Haegele, J. A., Block, M. E., Ludyga, S., Ng, J. L., Gerber, M., Hossain, M. M., Taylor, A., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2023.2288259 · Cited by 12
“Speci fi cally, the 24-HMB guidelines for children and adolescents recommend at least 60-minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA, less than 2 h of recreational ST, and a SL duration of 9 – 11 h for 5-to 13-year-olds or 8 – 10 h for 14-to-17-year-olds per night (Tremblay et al., 2016).”
López‐Gil, J. F., Firth, J., & García‐Hermoso, A. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.019 · Cited by 12
Abonie, U. S., & Ackah, M. (2024) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2024.03.025 · Cited by 14
Hou, M.-J., Herold, F., Cheval, B., Owen, N., Teychenne, M., Gerber, M., Ludyga, S., Damme, T. V., Hossain, M. M., Yeung, A. S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.209 · Cited by 10
Coote, T., Barrett, E. L., & Grummitt, L. R. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-21621-x · Cited by 16
Trends of Sedentary Time and Domain-Specific Sedentary Behavior in Spanish Schoolchildren
Velázquez-Romero, M. J., Moledo, C. P., Segura‐Jiménez, V., Sánchez‐Oliva, D., Fernández‐Santos, J. R., Senín‐Calderón, C., & Grao‐Cruces, A. (2020) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2020.1749538 · Cited by 15
“As a consequence, institutional organizations, such as the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, recommend to reduce periods of SB and avoid to spend more than 2 hr per day in screen time (Tremblay et al., 2016).”
BackgroundLópez, I. R., Martín‐Matillas, M., Delgado‐Fernández, M., Delgado‐Rico, E., Folgoso, C. C., & Verdejo‐García, A. (2021) · SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias del Deporte · doi:10.6018/sportk.461551 · Cited by 13
James, M. E., King‐Dowling, S., Graham, J. D., Missiuna, C. A., Timmons, B. W., & Cairney, J. (2021) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-021-01155-0 · Cited by 12
“As children with DCD tend to engage specifically in lower levels of more intense MVPA, which is recommended to promote health benefits [38], it is extremely important to understand if comorbid DCD/ADHD is affecting this relationship by either suppressing more pronounced MVPA deficits or exacerbating them compared to c…”
BackgroundHartikainen, J., Haapala, E. A., Poikkeus, A., Lapinkero, E., Pesola, A. J., Rantalainen, T., Sääkslahti, A., Gao, Y., & Finni, T. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2021.626282 · Cited by 12
Nesbitt, C., Kuntze, G., Toomey, C., Esau, S. P., Brooks, J., Mosher, D. P., Twilt, M., Nettel‐Aguirre, A., Palacios-Derflingher, L. M., Ronsky, J. L., et al. (2021) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-021-04920-5 · Cited by 12
“The World Health Organization and Canadian 24-h Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth [37] recommend at least 60 min of daily MVPA participation.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMcLellan, G., Arthur, R., Donnelly, S., Bakhshi, A., Fairclough, S. J., Taylor, S. L., & Buchan, D. S. (2021) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2021.1923627 · Cited by 21
Measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior in national health surveys, South America
da Silva, D. R. P., Barboza, L. L. S., Baldew, S.-S. M., Anza‐Ramirez, C., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Schuch, F. B., Gomes, T. N., Sadarangani, K. P., García‐Hermoso, A., Nieto-Martínez, R. E., et al. (2022) · Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública · doi:10.26633/rpsp.2022.7 · Cited by 12
Laurent, C. W. S., Andre, C., Holmes, J. F., Fields, N. D., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2022) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsac008 · Cited by 12
Aragón-Martín, R., Gómez-Sánchez, M. D. M., Nieto, J. M. M., Ruiz, J. P. N., Segundo, C., Santi-Cano, M. J., Castro‐Piñero, J., Lineros-González, C., Hernán-García, M., Schwarz, M., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14061208 · Cited by 13
“To assess compliance with the recommendation for healthy habits, the cut-off points recommended by the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines [47] were established.”
MethodBianchim, M. S., McNarry, M. A., Holland, A. E., Cox, N. S., Dreger, J., BARKER, A. R., Williams, C. A., Denford, S., & Mackintosh, K. A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095155 · Cited by 13
“As such, future studies developing PA recommendations or interventions in people with CF are strongly advised to account for sleep, in line with the Canadian 24 h movement guidelines [44].”
BackgroundCapio, C. M., Jones, R. A., Ng, C. S. M., Sit, C. H. P., & Chung, K. K. H. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1007209 · Cited by 13
“Movement behaviors were considered to interact with each other, and their combined effects were larger than their distinct contributions (13).”
BackgroundClayborne, Z. M., Dopko, R. L., Wang, C., Betancourt, M. T., Roberts, K. C., & Capaldi, C. A. (2023) · Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada · doi:10.24095/hpcdp.43.5.04 · Cited by 15
24-Hour movement behaviours research during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic scoping review
Zhang, D., Chen, S., López‐Gil, J. F., Hong, J., Wang, F., & Liu, Y. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17136-y · Cited by 12
“However, the first 24HMG for adults was released in 2020 [24].”
BackgroundInfluentialStearns, J. A., Carson, V., Spence, J. C., Faulkner, G., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2017) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-017-0913-x · Cited by 14
“, sedentary behavior) is also important for the health of young people [3].”
BackgroundSelf-citationTaylor, S. L., Noonan, R. J., Knowles, Z. R., Owen, M. B., & Fairclough, S. J. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6272-1 · Cited by 15
Tracking of objective physical activity and physical fitness in Japanese children
Sasayama, K., & Adachi, M. (2019) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4288-y · Cited by 12
Sitting and Screen Time Outside School Hours: Correlates in 6- to 8-Year-Old Children
Downing, K. L., Salmon, J., Timperio, A. F., Hinkley, T., Cliff, D. P., Okely, A. D., & Hesketh, K. D. (2019) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2018-0495 · Cited by 12
Self-citationAl‐Rashed, F., Alghaith, A., Azim, R., AlMekhled, D., Thomas, R., Sindhu, S. T. A. K., & Ahmad, R. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9051189 · Cited by 14
“vigorous PA, light daily activities [26,27].”
BackgroundNorozi, K., Haworth, R., Dempsey, A. A., Endres, K., & Altamirano‐Diaz, L. (2020) · CJC Open · doi:10.1016/j.cjco.2020.07.006 · Cited by 16
Mougharbel, F., Valois, D. D., Lamb, M., Buchholz, A., Obeid, N., Flament, M. F., & Goldfield, G. S. (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s136898002000049x · Cited by 14
“The Canadian 24-h Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth aged 5–17(12) recommend no more than 2 h/d”
BackgroundResultPhysical activity, sedentary time and sleep in cystic fibrosis youth: A bidirectional relationship?
McNarry, M. A., Stevens, D. J., Stone, M. R., Roberts, S., Hall, S. J., & Mackintosh, K. A. (2020) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.25185 · Cited by 12
“As acknowledged in the recent Canadian 24‐h movement guidelines for youth, physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep are inherently inter‐related.(11) Indeed, there is growing interest in the potential virtuous or vicious cycle between children's daytime behaviors and night‐time sleep.”
BackgroundSousa‐Sá, E., Agostinis‐Sobrinho, C., Lopes, L., Moreira, C. M. M., Abreu, S., Pereira, J. R., Zhang, Z., Rodrigues, B., & Santos, R. (2021) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.05.001 · Cited by 12
Mâsse, L. C., Edache, I. Y., Pitblado, M., & Hutchison, S. M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18168694 · Cited by 12
“Similarly, only 38% of Canadian children and youth met screen time guidelines [2,3].”
BackgroundDuncan, M. J., Riazi, N. A., Faulkner, G., Gilchrist, J. D., Leatherdale, S. T., & Patte, K. A. (2022) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2021-0691 · Cited by 13
Self-citationde Moura, S. S., de Menezes-Júnior, L. A. A., Carraro, J. C. C., Machado-Coelho, G. L. L., & Meireles, A. L. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20829-7 · Cited by 13
“…with the two factors (≥ 2.5 min of MVPA per hour of SB + good sleep quality) was less likely to have an intermediate to high CVR. Recent literature has highlighted the importance of considering the full 24 h of movement, rather than just one isolated behavior when assessing general health [15].”
InfluentialPapasideris, M., Ayaz, H., Safati, A. B., Morita, P. P., & Hall, P. A. (2021) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100983 · Cited by 16
“However, the mean number of sleep hours was close to the recommended 8 hours per night (77), and so it is possible that the sample was not experiencing sufficient sleep deprivation in order to observe effects.”
Lifestyle Behaviors and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents Using Regression and fsQCA Models
Mei, S., Lv, J., Ren, H., Guo, X., Meng, C., Fei, J., Yuan, T., Yue, J., Gao, R., Song, Q., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.825176 · Cited by 13
Adopted Research Designs by Tourism and Hospitality Postgraduates in The Light of Research Onion
Abdelhakim, A., & Badr, R. (2021) · International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management · doi:10.21608/ijthm.2021.206774 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Tremblay, M. S., Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Connor Gorber, S., Dinh, T., Duggan, M., Faulkner, G., Gray, C. E., Gruber, R., Janson, K., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Kho, M. E., Latimer-Cheung, A. E., LeBlanc, C., Okely, A. D., Olds, T., Pate, R. R., Phillips, A., Poitras, V. J., Rodenburg, S., Sampson, M., Saunders, T. J., Stone, J. A., Stratton, G., Weiss, S. K., & Zehr, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
- Conference Board of Canada (CA)
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CA)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CA)
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- ParticipACTION (CA)
- Queen's University (CA)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
- McGill University (CA)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
- University of South Carolina (US)
- No affiliation.
- University of Prince Edward Island (CA)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Swansea University (GB)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Camosun College (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 6 (Suppl. 3)
- Pages
- S311-S327
- ISSN
- 1715-5312 (ISSN-L)
- 1715-5320
- OpenAlex
- W2435437921
- Cited by
- 2,024
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 178 · 2025: 241 · 2024: 246 · 2023: 264 · 2022: 285 · 2021: 270 · 2020: 223 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 108 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 19
- FWCI
- 84.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- IslandScholar (University of Prince Edward Island) (submittedVersion)
- QSpace (Queen's University Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- 24-hour movement guidelines, children and young people, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, light physical activity, moderate physical activity, high-intensity exercise, health indicators, AGREE II, GRADE, Canadian Health Measures Survey, stakeholder engagement
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Canada, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Sleep, Health Behavior, Exercise, Focus Groups, Guidelines as Topic, Sedentary Behavior
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