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Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep
Open accessAbstract
Leaders from the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology convened representatives of national organizations, content experts, methodologists, stakeholders, and end-users who followed rigorous and transparent guideline development procedures to create the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. These novel guidelines for children and youth aged 5-17 years respect the natural and intuitive integration of movement behaviours across the whole day (24-h period). The development process was guided by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument and systematic reviews of evidence informing the guidelines were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Four systematic reviews (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, integrated behaviours) examining the relationships between and among movement behaviours and several health indicators were completed and interpreted by expert consensus. Complementary compositional analyses were performed using Canadian Health Measures Survey data to examine the relationships between movement behaviours and health indicators. A stakeholder survey was employed (n = 590) and 28 focus groups/stakeholder interviews (n = 104) were completed to gather feedback on draft guidelines. Following an introductory preamble, the guidelines provide evidence-informed recommendations for a healthy day (24 h), comprising a combination of sleep, sedentary behaviours, light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity physical activity. Proactive dissemination, promotion, implementation, and evaluation plans have been prepared in an effort to optimize uptake and activation of the new guidelines. Future research should consider the integrated relationships among movement behaviours, and similar integrated guidelines for other age groups should be developed.
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In the citing paper
“In order to preserve both overall mental health and cognitive functioning, both Canada's 15 and Australia's 16 24-Hour Movement Guidelines have adopted a 'whole day time-use' paradigm for young people, recommending that each day should include at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous exercise, several hours of light physical activity, no more than two hours of sedentary leisure activities, and 8-11”
From A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Recent 24-h movement guidelines have promoted whole-day movement patterns that target both enhanced MVPA and restriction of sedentary time (ST).6”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“A specific policy in Japan (limiting the distance between the children and youth homes and the public elementary and junior high schools) 77 and the high density of Hong Kong, Japanese, and South Korean cities, allow children and youth to live a short trip away from their school, which can minimize the use of cars or other forms of motorized vehicles, and promote active travel.25,78,79”
From Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries (2018) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (aged 5 to 17 years) have been released in 2016 and recommend ≥60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), ≤2 h/day of recreational screen time, and 9 to 11 h of sleep per day for 5- to 13-year-olds or 8 to 10 h of sleep per day for 14- to 17-year-olds to support healthy development [17].”
In the citing paper
“To our knowledge, this is the first time the relationship between 24-h movement guidelines and mental health indicators in children and adolescents has been systematically reviewed since the release of aforementioned guidelines in 2016 [17].”
In the citing paper
“This is in line with current recommendations and previous research showing that MVPA, screen time and sleep duration are the components of the 24-h day that are more strongly associated with obesity and other health outcomes [2, 4, 11, 14].”
From Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study (2016) · cites this paper as [4]
Citations
Cites
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“…2016; Poitras et al. 2016), sedentary behaviour (Carson et al. 2016a; Colley et al. 2011; ParticipACTION 2015, 2016), sleep (Chaput et al. 2016; Owens 2014; Matricciani et al. 2012; ParticipACTION 2016), and obesity (Gotay et al. 2013; Ng et al. 2014) have galvanized attention and established…”
BackgroundGRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction—GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables
Guyatt, G., Oxman, A. D., Akl, E. A., Kunz, R., Vist, G., Brozek, J., Norris, S., Falck-Ytter, Y., Glasziou, P., & deBeer, H. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026 · Cited by 10,681 · cited 3×
“The guideline development procedures used here followed comprehensive, rigorous, and transparent processes (Brouwers et al. 2010a; Guyatt et al. 2011; Tremblay and Haskell 2012) incorporating systematic review findings, consultation findings, compositional analysis findings, and expert, stakeholder, and end-user input…”
MethodGRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence
Balshem, H., Helfand, M., Schünemann, H. J., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Vist, G. E., Falck-Ytter, Y., Meerpohl, J., & Norris, S. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015 · Cited by 8,285 · cited 2×
“For all systematic reviews, the quality of evidence was assessed by outcome/indicator and study design, using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach (Balshem et al. 2011; Guyatt et al. 2011).”
MethodAGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care
Brouwers, M. C., Kho, M. E., Browman, G. P., Burgers, J. S., Cluzeau, F., Feder, G., Fervers, B., Graham, I. D., Grimshaw, J., Hanna, S. E., et al. (2010) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.090449 · Cited by 3,790 · cited 4×
“The guideline development procedures used here followed comprehensive, rigorous, and transparent processes (Brouwers et al. 2010a; Guyatt et al. 2011; Tremblay and Haskell 2012) incorporating systematic review findings, consultation findings, compositional analysis findings, and expert,…”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationPoitras, V. J., Gray, C. E., Borghese, M. M., Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Pate, R. R., Connor Gorber, S., Kho, M. E., et al. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0663 · Cited by 2,217
Self-citationSystematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth.
Tremblay, M. S., LeBlanc, A. G., Kho, M. E., Saunders, T. J., Larouche, R., Colley, R. C., Goldfield, G., & Gorber, S. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-98 · Cited by 2,085
Self-citationPhysiological and health implications of a sedentary lifestyle
Tremblay, M. S., Colley, R. C., Saunders, T. J., Healy, G. N., & Owen, N. G. (2010) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h10-079 · Cited by 1,572 · cited 4×
“…seem inappropriate or counter-intuitive to include sedentary behaviour and sleep in a list of “movement behaviours”, we do so throughout this paper and the guidelines in the context of a movement continuum (Tremblay et al. 2010a) and to succinctly capture the relevant components of the whole day.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationManaging Clinical Knowledge for Health Care Improvement
Balas, E. A., & Boren, S. A. (2000) · Yearbook of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1637943 · Cited by 1,479
Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Update on Causes and Consequences
Owens, J., ADOLESCENT SLEEP WORKING GROUP, COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE, Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., Adelman, W. P., Breuner, C. C., et al. (2014) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1696 · Cited by 1,413 · cited 2×
“2011; ParticipACTION 2015, 2016), sleep (Chaput et al. 2016; Owens 2014; Matricciani et al. 2012; ParticipACTION 2016), and obesity (Gotay et al.”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Colley R.C., 2011, Health Rep., 22, 15
- Pedisic Z., 2014, Kinesiology, 46, 135
- Tremblay M.S., 2007, Health Rep., 18, 7
Cited by
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Items 401–500 of 1,001
Moore, S. A., Sharma, R., Ginis, K. A. M., & Arbour‐Nicitopoulos, K. P. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182412950 · Cited by 28
“Movement and Play Behaviours of Children and Youth Living with Disabilities: Findings from the National Physical Activity Measurement (NPAM) Study.”
BackgroundInfluentialSong, K., Zhang, J., Zhou, N., Fu, Y., Zou, B., Xu, L., Wang, Z., Li, X., Zhao, Y., Potenza, M. N., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2023.02.014 · Cited by 30
Šuc, A., Einfalt, L., Šarabon, N., & Kastelic, K. (2024) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-024-01632-4 · Cited by 32
Sampasa‐Kanyinga, H., Colman, I., Hamilton, H. A., & Chaput, J. (2019) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.389 · Cited by 34
“Students were categorized as meeting the current physical activity recommendation of at least 60 minutes per day of MVPA on all 7 days, or not.(28)”
MethodSelf-citationKracht, C. L., Champagne, C. M., Hsia, D. S., Martin, C. K., Newton, R. L., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Staiano, A. E. (2020) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.12.011 · Cited by 32
Self-citationJúdice, P. B., Magalhães, J. P., Rosa, G. B., Henriques‐Neto, D., Hetherington‐Rauth, M., & Sardinha, L. B. (2020) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.03.003 · Cited by 31
“For self-reported CST, we used the cut-off of 2 h/day to distinguish between low (<2 h/day) and high ( 2 h/day) CST, which parallels the new Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth, which states that youth should limit their screen time to a maximum of 2 h/day.(39) The time spent looking at the cel…”
MethodArbour‐Nicitopoulos, K. P., Bassett-Gunter, R. L., Leo, J., Sharma, R., Olds, T., Latimer‐Cheung, A. E., & Ginis, K. A. M. (2020) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100980 · Cited by 27
Self-citationda Costa, B. G. G., Chaput, J., Lopes, M. V. V., Malheiros, L. E. A., Tremblay, M. S., & da Silva, K. S. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239833 · Cited by 28
“not meeting the recommendations of 8–10 hours of sleep per night, as recommended for this age group [10].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationVirgara, R., Phillips, A., Lewis, L. K., Richardson, M., & Maher, C. A. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-01061-z · Cited by 26
“Consent for publication We would like to thank all the Delphi participants, of whom the following gave consent to be named: Dr. Lauren Arundell – Research Fellow Deakin University, Mr. Rick Baldock Professional Learning Coordinator - ACHPER (SA), Associate Professor Lauren Ball – Research Fellow Griffith University, M…”
BackgroundSelf-citationBrown, D. M. Y., McPhee, P. G., KWAN, M. Y. W., & Timmons, B. W. (2021) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2021-0282 · Cited by 27
Scully, M. L., Gascoyne, C., Wakefield, M. A., & Morley, B. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12387-z · Cited by 27
“Adapted from the evidence-based Canadian Guidelines [3], the integration of these three behaviours into a single set of guidelines reflects their co-dependency and the importance of considering movement across the whole day for optimum health.”
MethodProblem Technology Use, Academic Performance, and School Connectedness among Adolescents
Sampasa‐Kanyinga, H., Hamilton, H. A., Goldfield, G. S., & Chaput, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19042337 · Cited by 43
“Based on the Canadian 24 h movement guidelines [6], response options related to daily use were combined to create 3 categories: daily use of technology of 2 h or less (recommended use, coded as 0), daily use of 3 to 4 h (moderate use, coded as 1), and daily use of technology of 5 h or more (heavy use, coded as 2).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationZhang, Y., Pan, Y., Ma, Z., Wang, D., Zou, R., & Fan, F. (2023) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111352 · Cited by 29
Goldfield, G. S., Kenny, G. P., Alberga, A. S., Tulloch, H. E., Doucette, S. P., Cameron, J. D., & Sigal, R. J. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2016-0386 · Cited by 27
Bi-directional association between sleep and outdoor active play among 10–13 year olds
Lin, Y., Borghese, M. M., & Janssen, I. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5122-5 · Cited by 29
Self-citationBrown, D. M. Y., & Kwan, M. Y. W. (2021) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2021.736587 · Cited by 25
“The 24-h movement behavior paradigm is a relatively novel approach that considers how all types of movement behaviors – physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and sleep – collectively contribute to the healthy development of children and youth (Tremblay et al., 2016).”
Different Types of Screen Behavior and Depression in Children and Adolescents
Kidokoro, T., Shikano, A., Tanaka, R., Tanabe, K., Imai, N., & Noi, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2021.822603 · Cited by 26
“not meeting sleep guidelines) based on the 24 h movement guideline that recommends 9–11 h/day of sleep for 5–13 years old children and 8–10 h/day of sleep for 14–17 adolescents (23).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWeatherson, K., Gierc, M., Patte, K., Qian, W., Leatherdale, S., & Faulkner, G. (2020) · Mental Health and Physical Activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100354 · Cited by 34
Self-citationZhang, E., Chen, J., Liu, Y., Li, H., Li, Y., Kuwahara, K., & Xiang, M. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.032 · Cited by 30
Kuzik, N., Duncan, M. J., Beshara, N., MacDonald, M., Silva, D. A. S., & Tremblay, M. S. (2025) · Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors · doi:10.1186/s44167-025-00076-w · Cited by 31
“…4.0 indicated children and adolescents received a D grade for overall physical activity (27–33% meeting the recommended ≥ 60 min/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) and a D + for sedentary behaviour (34– 39% meeting the recommended ≤ 2 h/day of recreational screen time) [11, 12].”
InfluentialSelf-citationPhysical activity among indigenous Australian children and youth in remote and non-remote areas
Evans, J. R., Wilson, R., Coleman, C., Man, N. W. Y., & Olds, T. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.04.018 · Cited by 26
Self-citationChaput, J., Olds, T., & Tremblay, M. S. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099964 · Cited by 26
Self-citationArmstrong, B., Beets, M. W., Starrett, A., Brazendale, K., Turner‐McGrievy, G. M., Saelens, B. E., Pate, R. R., Youngstedt, S. D., Maydeu‐Olivares, A., & Weaver, R. G. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa174 · Cited by 26
“In line with the recently released 24-h movement guidelines for children and youth [8], there is growing interest in determining whether there is a virtuous/vicious cycle between children’s nighttime sleep duration and daytime sedentary behavior and physical activity [9, 10].”
BackgroundSelf-citationDecraene, M., Verbestel, V., Cardon, G., Iotova, V., Koletzko, B. V., Moreno, L. A., Miguel‐Berges, M. L., Gurzkowska, B., Androutsos, O., Μanios, Y., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18147499 · Cited by 26
“These behaviors are, however, part of a continuum of movement across one 24 h day: changes in the time spent on one behavior evidently change the duration of at least one other behavior [16,17].”
BackgroundExercise Training for People Living With Fontan Circulation: An Underutilized Intervention
Khoury, M., & Cordina, R. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2022.01.008 · Cited by 25
Pulkki-Råback, L., Barnes, J., Elovainio, M., Hakulinen, C., Sourander, A., Tremblay, M., & Guerrero, M. D. (2022) · Acta paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.16253 · Cited by 22
Self-citationGarcía‐Hermoso, A., López‐Gil, J. F., Ezzatvar, Y., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., & Izquierdo, M. (2022) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2022.08.001 · Cited by 26
The influence of outdoor play spaces in urban parks on children's social anxiety
Bao, Y., Gao, M., Luo, D., & Zhou, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1046399 · Cited by 26
Marques, A., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Gouveia, É. R., Ferrari, G., Tesler, R., Marconcin, P., Loureiro, V., Peralta, M., & Sarmento, H. (2023) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00569-5 · Cited by 26
“In 2016, the 24-h movement guidelines for children and youth aged 5–17 years were published in Canada for the first time [5].”
BackgroundInfluentialAre Canadian children and adolescents sleep deprived?
Michaud, I., & Chaput, J. (2016) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2016.09.009 · Cited by 25
“Data used in this study were from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS), an ongoing cross-sectional survey that collects data from a representative sample of the population living in Canada.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationTyler, R., Mannello, M., Mattingley, R., Roberts, C., Sage, R., Taylor, S. R., Ward, M., Williams, S., & Stratton, G. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0309 · Cited by 26
Self-citationWard, A. L., Galland, B. C., Haszard, J. J., Meredith-Jones, K., Morrison, S., McIntosh, D. R., Jackson, R., Beebe, D. W., Fangupo, L. J., Richards, R., et al. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7628-x · Cited by 26
Keall, M., Hopkins, D., Coppell, K. J., Sandretto, S., Bengoechea, E. G., Spence, J. C., Wilson, G. A., & Mandic, S. (2020) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2020.100900 · Cited by 26
WEIRD Considerations When Studying Adolescent Sleep Need
Beebe, D. W. (2016) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.6002 · Cited by 26
Broad, A. A., Bornath, D. P. D., Grisebach, D., McCarthy, S. F., Bryden, P. J., Robertson‐Wilson, J., & Hazell, T. J. (2021) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2021.1980189 · Cited by 37
“In terms of physical activity, Canada’s “24 h Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth” currently suggests that children between the ages of 5–17 y should participate in 60 min of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day in order to experience health benefits (Tremblay et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMoving in a hotter world: Maintaining adequate childhood fitness as a climate change countermeasure
Morrison, S. A. (2022) · Temperature · doi:10.1080/23328940.2022.2102375 · Cited by 25
“physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) have been termed “24hour movement behavior” (24-HMB), a relatively new paradigm, by which Canada was the first nation to release 24-HMB guidelines for children and youth [128].”
BackgroundAssociations of screen time with symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression in adolescents
Francisquini, M. C. J., Silva, T. M. D. S., dos Santos, G. C., Barbosa, R. D. O., Dias, P. H. G., Ruiz, A. B., da Silva, J. M., & Neto, A. S. (2024) · Revista Paulista de Pediatria · doi:10.1590/1984-0462/2025/43/2023250 · Cited by 42
Blyth, F., Haycraft, E., Peral‐Suárez, Á., & Pearson, N. (2025) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13909 · Cited by 31
Does competitive swimming affect lung growth?
Bovard, J. M., Welch, J. F., Houghton, K. M., McKenzie, D. C., Potts, J. E., & Sheel, A. W. (2018) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13816 · Cited by 25
“The similar peak aerobic capacity is not surprising considering that both groups reported physical activity levels that nearly doubled the Canadian guideline of at least 60 min of daily moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity (Tremblay et al. 2016).”
BackgroundPhysical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Research in Indonesian Youth: A Scoping Review
Andriyani, F. D., Biddle, S., Arovah, N. I., & Cocker, K. A. D. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17207665 · Cited by 25
“It was recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2010 that young people should accumulate at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) every day [5] and other national guidelines, such as Australia and Canada, advise young people limit their sedentary time, specifically recrea…”
MethodSelective Attention and Concentration Are Related to Lifestyle in Chilean Schoolchildren
Navarrete, F. C., Román, P. Á. L., MONTILLA, J. A. P., Jerez‐Mayorga, D., & Delgado‐Floody, P. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8100856 · Cited by 25
“In addition, the participants were divided into two ST groups (<2 h = low ST; ≥2 h = high ST) according to previous indications [43].”
ResultWang, W., Haegele, J. A., Wu, Y., & Li, C. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19042132 · Cited by 31
González, S. A., Sarmiento, O. L., Flórez-Pregonero, A., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Chaput, J., & Tremblay, M. S. (2022) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3389/ijph.2022.1604217 · Cited by 32
Self-citationLiu, B.-P., Jia, C.-X., & Li, S. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14091870 · Cited by 25
“The detailed content of the 24 h movement guidelines was that an accumulation of at least 60 min per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity, uninterrupted 9–11 h of sleep per night for those aged 5–13 years and 8–10 h per night for those aged 14–17 years, and no more than 2 h per day of recreational screen time…”
BackgroundGarcía‐Hermoso, A., Ezzatvar, Y., Alonso-Martínez, A. M., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Izquierdo, M., & López‐Gil, J. F. (2022) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-022-04760-w · Cited by 25
“Current 24-h movement guidelines recommend that a healthy 24-h day in adolescents should include at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), no more than 2 h of screen time, and 8–10 h of sleep [5].”
BackgroundLua, V. Y. Q., Chua, T. B. K., & Chia, M. (2023) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports11020038 · Cited by 30
“The World Health Organization global guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children and adolescents, the Canadian 24-h movement guidelines for children and youth [47], the Australian 24-h movement guidelines for children and young people, and the Singapore Integrated 24-Hour Activity Guidelines f…”
BackgroundLuo, L., Zeng, X., Cao, Y., Hu, Y., Wen, S., Tang, K., Ding, L., Wang, X., & Song, N. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20043167 · Cited by 25
Hartson, K. R., Huntington‐Moskos, L., Sears, C. G., Genova, G., Mathis, C., Ford, W., & Rhodes, R. E. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/46783 · Cited by 26
“This is likely because 24-hour movement behaviors, clustered together, are a relatively recent development, tracing back to work in the mid-2010s and only receiving policy attention in 2016 first with the Canadian Child and Youth Guidelines [26].”
Physical Activity and Sedentary Patterns among Metabolically Healthy Individuals Living with Obesity
de Winter, M., Rioux, B. V., Boudreau, J. G., B̀ouchard, D. R., & Sénéchal, M. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2018/7496768 · Cited by 25
“The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology is now encouraging a comprehensive approach to quantify movements that involve sleep, MVPA, sedentary time, and light activities [38, 46, 47].”
BackgroundRelationship between Sedentary Time, Physical Activity and Multiple Lifestyle Factors in Children
Sheldrick, M. P. R., Tyler, R., Mackintosh, K. A., & Stratton, G. (2018) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk3010015 · Cited by 30
“There were no significant sex differences for the number of days a week spent in excessive screen-time [32] or in sufficient levels of MVPA [23].”
BackgroundSelf-citationLatomme, J., Stappen, V. V., Cardon, G., Morgan, P. J., Lateva, M. P., Chakarova, N. Y., Kivelä, J., Lindström, J., Androutsos, O., González‐Gil, E. M., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15112599 · Cited by 25
“As these unhealthy patterns tend to track from childhood into adulthood [8,15], the establishment of healthy patterns of sedentary behaviours and especially screen time behaviours in children is of great importance [3,16].”
BackgroundCurrent and Future Implications of COVID-19 among Youth Wheelchair Users: 24-Hour Activity Behavior
Conners, R. T., Bates‐Fraser, L. C., Pagán-Lassalle, P., Zieff, G. H., Whitehead, P. N., Stevens, S. L., Killen, L. G., Cochrum, R., Rodebaugh, K. L., Faghy, M. A., et al. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8080690 · Cited by 24
“Therefore, 9–11 h of uninterrupted sleep is recommended for youth per night [23].”
BackgroundWang, H., Abbey, C., Kennedy, T., Feng, E., Li, R. G., Liu, F., Zhu, A., Shen, S. T., Wadhavkar, P., Rozelle, S., et al. (2023) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy · doi:10.2147/rmhp.s384997 · Cited by 25
“29,30 The average screen time of the sample adolescents was significantly lower than found in a previous study using national survey data from 2016 which found that a high share (39.5”
InfluentialDigital technology use and well-being in young children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Harverson, J. A. S., Paatsch, L. E., Anglim, J., & Horwood, S. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2025.108660 · Cited by 34
Bouts of Vigorous Physical Activity and Bone Strength Accrual During Adolescence
Gabel, L., MACDONALD, H. M., Nettlefold, L., & McKay, H. A. (2017) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2017-0043 · Cited by 24
Utility of the Youth Compendium of Physical Activities
Ainsworth, B. E., Watson, K. B., Ridley, K., Pfeiffer, K. A., Herrmann, S. D., Crouter, S. E., McMurray, R. G., Butte, N. F., Bassett, D. R., Trost, S. G., et al. (2018) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2018.1487754 · Cited by 24
Physical activity and health-related fitness in Asian adolescents: The Asia-fit study
Hui, S. S., Zhang, R., Suzuki, K., Naıto, H., Balasekaran, G., Song, J.-K., Park, S. Y., Liou, Y. M., Lu, D., Poh, B. K., et al. (2019) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1695334 · Cited by 25
“Meeting PA guidelines for adolescents were operationalised as “average daily MVPA is at least 60 minutes per day” (Tremblay et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSeral-Cortés, M., Sabroso‐Lasa, S., Bailo-Aysa, A., González‐Gross, M., Molnár, D., Censi, L., Molina‐Hidalgo, C., Gottrand, F., Henauw, S. D., Μanios, Y., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020474 · Cited by 27
“Current recommendations suggest limiting recreational screen time to less than 2 h per day [8].”
BackgroundComportamento sedentário e competência motora em crianças e adolescentes: revisão
dos Santos, G., Guerra, P. H., Milani, S. A., Santos, A. B. D., Cattuzzo, M. T., & Ré, A. H. N. (2021) · Revista de Saúde Pública · doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055002917 · Cited by 24
Association between 24-h movement guidelines and cardiometabolic health in Chilean adults
Riquelme, R., Rezende, L. F. M., Marques, A., Drenowatz, C. J., & Ferrari, G. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-09729-1 · Cited by 28
Caldwell, H. A. T., Faulkner, G., Tremblay, M. S., Rhodes, R. E., de Lannoy, L., Kirk, S., Rehman, L. A., & Moore, S. A. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/s41997-022-00644-6 · Cited by 24
“Healthy movement behaviours for children and youth were defined according to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (Tremblay et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationEffects of physical activity intervention on 24-h movement behaviors: a compositional data analysis
Pasanen, J., Leskinen, T., Suorsa, K., Pulakka, A., Virta, J., Auranen, K. J., & Stenholm, S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12715-2 · Cited by 28
Vézina‐Im, L., Beaulieu, D., Turcotte, S., Roussel-Ouellet, J., Labbé, V., & Bouchard, D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19159019 · Cited by 24
“The Canadian 24 h movement guidelines [1] recommend children and adolescents (5–17 years) limit recreational screen time to a maximum of 2 h/day.”
BackgroundInfluentialPan, N., Lin, L., Nassis, G. P., Wang, X., Ou, X.-X., Cai, L., Jin, J., Feng, Q., Dong, G., & Li, X. (2022) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2022.12.003 · Cited by 26
Riazi, N. A., Battista, K., Duncan, M. J., Wade, T. J., Pickett, W., Ferro, M. A., Leatherdale, S. T., & Patte, K. A. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15249-y · Cited by 31
“Consistent bed and wake times are in line with the recommendations from the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for practicing healthy sleep hygiene [50].”
BackgroundCai, S., Zhong, P., Dang, J., Liu, Y., Shi, D., Chen, Z., Zhang, Y., Hu, P., Ma, J., Dong, Y., et al. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.14427 · Cited by 24
Tang, Y., Algurén, B., Pelletier, C., Naylor, P., & Faulkner, G. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16050-7 · Cited by 33
“Stearns JA, Wohlers B, McHugh TLF, Kuzik N, Spence JC. Reliability and Validity of the PLAY fun Tool with Children and Youth in Northern Canada.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationKindratt, T. B., Moza, J., Rethorst, C. D., & Liao, Y. (2023) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-023-01702-6 · Cited by 26
“1 3 physical activity contribute to cardiometabolic risk factors [5–7], subjective well-being [8], and other health indicators [9].”
Hou, M., Herold, F., Werneck, A. O., Teychenne, M. J., Paoli, A. G. D., Taylor, A., Damme, T. V., Kramer, A. F., Hossain, M. M., Yeung, A., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100435 · Cited by 24
“Notably, this research has advocated the beneficial effects of maintaining health behaviors (e. g., 24-Hour Movement Behavior [24-HMB] guidelines) on health outcomes, including the above-mentioned aspects of internalizing and externalizing problems (Tremblay et al., 2016).”
BackgroundNagy, L., Faisal, M., Horne, M., Collings, P. J., Barber, S., & Mohammed, M. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025071 · Cited by 26
Mâsse, L. C., Vlaar, J., Macdonald, J., Bradbury, J., Warshawski, T., Buckler, E. J., Hamilton, J. K., Ho, J., Buchholz, A., Morrison, K. M., et al. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-4080-2 · Cited by 27
“While Aim2Be retained some core elements from the LiGHT program, it 1) became strongly grounded in theories of behavior change (i.e., being family-based, supporting the development of self-regulatory skills at both the individual and familial levels, and enhancing self-efficacy through graded tasks) [10, 11, 19, 33];…”
BackgroundMovement in High School: Proportion of Chinese Adolescents Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines
Ying, L., Zhu, X., Haegele, J., & Wen, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17072395 · Cited by 24
Guo, M. M., Koh, K. T., & Wang, X. Z. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18822-1 · Cited by 27
“Furthermore, Canada’s 24-hour movement guidelines suggest that children and adolescents should restrict their RST to under 2 h per day [2].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMücke, M., Andrä, C., Gerber, M., Pühse, U., & Ludyga, S. (2017) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1326619 · Cited by 23
“Given that both children with lower and higher MVPA fulfilled the recommended amount of 60 min MVPA per day in the present study (Tremblay et al., 2016), a lack of differences in performance on VFT and MA between groups could be due to a ceiling effect.”
BackgroundThe Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Patterns of Children in Kindergarten and Grade 2
Crane, J. R., Naylor, P., & Temple, V. A. (2018) · Children · doi:10.3390/children5100131 · Cited by 24
Healthy or Unhealthy? The Cocktail of Health-Related Behavior Profiles in Spanish Adolescents
Sevil‐Serrano, J., Solana, A. A., Abós, Á., Clemente, J. A. J., & García‐González, L. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16173151 · Cited by 23
“, ≥60 daily minutes of MVPA, <2 daily hours of sedentary screen time and 8 to 10 daily hours of sleep duration), students were categorized into two groups for each behaviour: meeting guidelines and not meeting guidelines [6].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBuchan, M. C., Carson, V., Faulkner, G., Qian, W., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17155326 · Cited by 23
Self-citationDaly-Smith, A., Hobbs, M., Morris, J. L., Defeyter, M. A., Resaland, G. K., & McKenna, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18030990 · Cited by 26
COVID-19 Impact on Adolescent 24 h Movement Behaviors
Dubuc, M.-M., Berrigan, F., Goudreault, M., Beaudoin, S., & Turcotte, S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18179256 · Cited by 25
“During adolescence, it is recommended to perform at least 60 min per day of moderate to vigorous PA, to limit recreational screen time to a maximum of 2 h per day, and to sleep steadily between 9 and 11 h per night (12–13 years old) or between 8 and 10 h per night (14–17 years old) [1].”
BackgroundSchmidt, S., Burchartz, A., Kolb, S., Niessner, C., Oriwol, D., & Wöll, A. (2021) · German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research · doi:10.1007/s12662-021-00783-x · Cited by 24
The effect of two COVID-19 lockdowns on physical activity of school-age children
Єлізарова, О. Т., Stankevych, T. V., Парац, А., Polka, N. S., Lynchak, O., Diuba, N., & Hozak, S. V. (2022) · Sports Medicine and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2022.01.002 · Cited by 25
Hammami, N., Silva, M. A. D., & Elgar, F. J. (2022) · Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada · doi:10.24095/hpcdp.42.2.03 · Cited by 24
Peralta, G. P., Camerini, A.-L., Haile, S. R., Kahlert, C. R., Lorthe, E., Marciano, L., Nussbaumer, A., Radtke, T., Ulytė, A., Puhan, M. A., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3389/ijph.2022.1604978 · Cited by 20
Patterns of daily activity among young people with epilepsy
Ronen, G. M., & Janssen, I. (2019) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.14223 · Cited by 23
Self-citationPhysical exercise may improve sleep quality in children and adolescents with Fontan circulation
Hedlund, E. R., Villard, L., Lundell, B. P. W., & Sjöberg, G. (2019) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951119001136 · Cited by 23
Prospective Associations between Weekend Catch-Up Sleep, Physical Activity, and Childhood Obesity
Huang, W. Y., & Wong, S. H. S. (2019) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2018.0158 · Cited by 22
Morningstar, B., Clayborne, Z., Wong, S. L., Roberts, K. C., Prince, S. A., Gariépy, G., Goldfield, G. S., Janssen, I., & Lang, J. J. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/s41997-023-00754-9 · Cited by 22
Self-citationMotivating parent support for physical activity: the role of framed persuasive messages
Bassett-Gunter, R. L., Stone, R. C., Jarvis, J. E., & Latimer‐Cheung, A. E. (2017) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyx059 · Cited by 22
Self-citationYouth sleep durations and school start times: a cross‐sectional analysis of the COMPASS study
Patte, K., Cole, A., Qian, W., & Leatherdale, S. (2017) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2017.07.011 · Cited by 20
Brunton, L. K., McPhee, P. G., & Gorter, J. W. (2019) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2019.1647294 · Cited by 22
“For example, guidelines for sleeping and rest could be integrated into 24-h movement guidelines for this population as was done by the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology [28].”
MethodZähringer, J., Schwingshackl, L., Movsisyan, A., Stratil, J. M., Capacci, S., Steinacker, J. M., Forberger, S., Ahrens, W., de Gaudry, D. K., Schünemann, H. J., et al. (2020) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-020-00984-2 · Cited by 21
“Population education Population level Tremblay et al. [53] Recommendations to guide policymaking (non-governmental) To outline the process and outcomes for the development of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep.”
BackgroundInfluentialLongmuir, P. E., Corey, M. L., & McCrindle, B. W. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18094903 · Cited by 22
Balanzá‐Martínez, V., & Cervera-Martínez, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095094 · Cited by 23
“For instance, the Canadian guidelines for sedentary activity [92] recommend that adolescents engage in no more than two hours of ST per day.”
BackgroundA public health milestone: China publishes new Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines
Chen, S., Ma, J., Hong, J., Chen, C., Yang, Y., Yang, Z., Zheng, P., & Tang, Y. (2022) · Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors · doi:10.1186/s44167-022-00009-x · Cited by 22
Alrahma, A. M., Suwaidi, H. S. A., AlGurg, R., Farah, Z., Khansaheb, H. H., Ajja, R., Alzaabi, M., Hamiz, A. A., AlJunaibi, A., Abdulle, A. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2023.02.002 · Cited by 22
“Sedentary Behaviours - % of children 2 h/d of recreational screen time.(21)”
BackgroundTugault-Lafleur, C. N., González, O. D.-J., Macdonald, J., Bradbury, J., Warshawski, T., Ball, G. D. C., Morrison, K. M., Ho, J., Hamilton, J. K., Buchholz, A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/38545 · Cited by 29
“Waitlist control participants were put on a waitlist for 3 months, during which they received a brochure with Canadian health recommendations about PA [23], diet [24], screen time, and sleeping habits.”
Helgadóttir, B., Fröberg, A., Kjellenberg, K., Ekblom, Ö. B., & Nyberg, G. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15282-x · Cited by 22
“in < 2 h per day of recreational screen time, and sleep for 9–11 h (5–13 y) and 8–10 h (14–17 y) per night [6].”
BackgroundPatience, M., Janssen, X., Kirk, A. F., McCrory, S., Russell, E., Hodgson, W., & Crawford, M. M. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20054363 · Cited by 22
“24-hour movement behaviour guidelines were first published in 2016 with a specific focus on children and youth [118].”
BackgroundCan Off-Training Physical Behaviors Influence Recovery in Athletes? A Scoping Review
Izzicupo, P., Baldassarre, A. D., Ghinassi, B., Reichert, F. F., Kokubun, E., & Nakamura, F. Y. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00448 · Cited by 22
Guerra, P. H., Filho, V. C. B., Almeida, A., Silva, L. D. S., Pinto, M. T. V., Leonel, R. M., Ribeiro, E. H. C., & Florindo, A. A. (2019) · Revista Paulista de Pediatria · doi:10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018112 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Tremblay, M. S., Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Connor Gorber, S., Dinh, T., Duggan, M., Faulkner, G., Gray, C. E., Gruber, R., Janson, K., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Kho, M. E., Latimer-Cheung, A. E., LeBlanc, C., Okely, A. D., Olds, T., Pate, R. R., Phillips, A., Poitras, V. J., Rodenburg, S., Sampson, M., Saunders, T. J., Stone, J. A., Stratton, G., Weiss, S. K., & Zehr, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
- Conference Board of Canada (CA)
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CA)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CA)
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- ParticipACTION (CA)
- Queen's University (CA)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
- McGill University (CA)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
- University of South Carolina (US)
- No affiliation.
- University of Prince Edward Island (CA)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Swansea University (GB)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Camosun College (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 6 (Suppl. 3)
- Pages
- S311-S327
- ISSN
- 1715-5312 (ISSN-L)
- 1715-5320
- OpenAlex
- W2435437921
- Cited by
- 2,024
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 178 · 2025: 241 · 2024: 246 · 2023: 264 · 2022: 285 · 2021: 270 · 2020: 223 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 108 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 19
- FWCI
- 84.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- IslandScholar (University of Prince Edward Island) (submittedVersion)
- QSpace (Queen's University Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- 24-hour movement guidelines, children and young people, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, light physical activity, moderate physical activity, high-intensity exercise, health indicators, AGREE II, GRADE, Canadian Health Measures Survey, stakeholder engagement
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Canada, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Sleep, Health Behavior, Exercise, Focus Groups, Guidelines as Topic, Sedentary Behavior
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