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Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep
Open accessAbstract
Leaders from the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology convened representatives of national organizations, content experts, methodologists, stakeholders, and end-users who followed rigorous and transparent guideline development procedures to create the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. These novel guidelines for children and youth aged 5-17 years respect the natural and intuitive integration of movement behaviours across the whole day (24-h period). The development process was guided by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument and systematic reviews of evidence informing the guidelines were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Four systematic reviews (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, integrated behaviours) examining the relationships between and among movement behaviours and several health indicators were completed and interpreted by expert consensus. Complementary compositional analyses were performed using Canadian Health Measures Survey data to examine the relationships between movement behaviours and health indicators. A stakeholder survey was employed (n = 590) and 28 focus groups/stakeholder interviews (n = 104) were completed to gather feedback on draft guidelines. Following an introductory preamble, the guidelines provide evidence-informed recommendations for a healthy day (24 h), comprising a combination of sleep, sedentary behaviours, light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity physical activity. Proactive dissemination, promotion, implementation, and evaluation plans have been prepared in an effort to optimize uptake and activation of the new guidelines. Future research should consider the integrated relationships among movement behaviours, and similar integrated guidelines for other age groups should be developed.
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In the citing paper
“In order to preserve both overall mental health and cognitive functioning, both Canada's 15 and Australia's 16 24-Hour Movement Guidelines have adopted a 'whole day time-use' paradigm for young people, recommending that each day should include at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous exercise, several hours of light physical activity, no more than two hours of sedentary leisure activities, and 8-11”
From A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Recent 24-h movement guidelines have promoted whole-day movement patterns that target both enhanced MVPA and restriction of sedentary time (ST).6”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“A specific policy in Japan (limiting the distance between the children and youth homes and the public elementary and junior high schools) 77 and the high density of Hong Kong, Japanese, and South Korean cities, allow children and youth to live a short trip away from their school, which can minimize the use of cars or other forms of motorized vehicles, and promote active travel.25,78,79”
From Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries (2018) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (aged 5 to 17 years) have been released in 2016 and recommend ≥60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), ≤2 h/day of recreational screen time, and 9 to 11 h of sleep per day for 5- to 13-year-olds or 8 to 10 h of sleep per day for 14- to 17-year-olds to support healthy development [17].”
In the citing paper
“To our knowledge, this is the first time the relationship between 24-h movement guidelines and mental health indicators in children and adolescents has been systematically reviewed since the release of aforementioned guidelines in 2016 [17].”
In the citing paper
“This is in line with current recommendations and previous research showing that MVPA, screen time and sleep duration are the components of the 24-h day that are more strongly associated with obesity and other health outcomes [2, 4, 11, 14].”
From Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study (2016) · cites this paper as [4]
Citations
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BackgroundGRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction—GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables
Guyatt, G., Oxman, A. D., Akl, E. A., Kunz, R., Vist, G., Brozek, J., Norris, S., Falck-Ytter, Y., Glasziou, P., & deBeer, H. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026 · Cited by 10,681 · cited 3×
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MethodGRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence
Balshem, H., Helfand, M., Schünemann, H. J., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Vist, G. E., Falck-Ytter, Y., Meerpohl, J., & Norris, S. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015 · Cited by 8,285 · cited 2×
“For all systematic reviews, the quality of evidence was assessed by outcome/indicator and study design, using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach (Balshem et al. 2011; Guyatt et al. 2011).”
MethodAGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care
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“The guideline development procedures used here followed comprehensive, rigorous, and transparent processes (Brouwers et al. 2010a; Guyatt et al. 2011; Tremblay and Haskell 2012) incorporating systematic review findings, consultation findings, compositional analysis findings, and expert,…”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationPoitras, V. J., Gray, C. E., Borghese, M. M., Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Pate, R. R., Connor Gorber, S., Kho, M. E., et al. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0663 · Cited by 2,217
Self-citationSystematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth.
Tremblay, M. S., LeBlanc, A. G., Kho, M. E., Saunders, T. J., Larouche, R., Colley, R. C., Goldfield, G., & Gorber, S. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-98 · Cited by 2,085
Self-citationPhysiological and health implications of a sedentary lifestyle
Tremblay, M. S., Colley, R. C., Saunders, T. J., Healy, G. N., & Owen, N. G. (2010) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h10-079 · Cited by 1,572 · cited 4×
“…seem inappropriate or counter-intuitive to include sedentary behaviour and sleep in a list of “movement behaviours”, we do so throughout this paper and the guidelines in the context of a movement continuum (Tremblay et al. 2010a) and to succinctly capture the relevant components of the whole day.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationManaging Clinical Knowledge for Health Care Improvement
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Owens, J., ADOLESCENT SLEEP WORKING GROUP, COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE, Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., Adelman, W. P., Breuner, C. C., et al. (2014) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1696 · Cited by 1,413 · cited 2×
“2011; ParticipACTION 2015, 2016), sleep (Chaput et al. 2016; Owens 2014; Matricciani et al. 2012; ParticipACTION 2016), and obesity (Gotay et al.”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Colley R.C., 2011, Health Rep., 22, 15
- Pedisic Z., 2014, Kinesiology, 46, 135
- Tremblay M.S., 2007, Health Rep., 18, 7
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Sorted by citations
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López‐Gil, J. F., Brazo‐Sayavera, J., de Campos, W., & Lucas, J. L. Y. (2020) · Children · doi:10.3390/children7120263 · Cited by 22
“Screen time was categorised into “low screen time” (less than 2 h per day) and “high screen time” (2 h per day or more), according to the Canadian recommendations for screen time [25].”
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Self-citationBrown, D. M. Y., Burkart, S. A., Groves, C. I., Balbim, G. M., Pfledderer, C. D., Porter, C. D., Laurent, C. W. S., Johnson, E. K., & Kracht, C. L. (2024) · Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors · doi:10.1186/s44167-024-00062-8 · Cited by 29
“The proliferation of research investigating how combinations of physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep is associated with indicators of health was sparked by the release of the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth in Canada in 2016 [14].”
BackgroundSalar, S., Jorgić, B., Olănescu, M., & Popa, I. D. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12232420 · Cited by 25
“This new guideline is similar to physical activity guidelines from most countries (e.g., Canada [10], Australia [11], USA [12]).”
Bourke, M., Harrison, Z., Fortnum, K., Thomas, G., O’Flaherty, M. J., Mulcahy, S., Gomersall, S. R., Alsop, T., Trost, S. G., Koplin, J. J., et al. (2025) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13884 · Cited by 21
Pacheco, C. R., Culkin, V., Putkaradze, A., & Zeng, N. (2025) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-025-01705-y · Cited by 29
Brown, D. M. Y., Mahlberg, N., Pohl, D., Timmons, B. W., Bray, S. R., Streiner, D. L., Ferro, M. A., Hamer, S., Rosenbaum, P., & Ronen, G. M. (2019) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.03.011 · Cited by 21
Toledo-Vargas, M., Perez-Contreras, P., Chandía-Poblete, D., & Aguilar-Farías, N. (2020) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2019-0672 · Cited by 22
“1,12 These guidelines include the following recommendations for optimal health benefits in children aged 5–17 years: (1) accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) per day and incorporate vigorous PA and strengthening exercises at least 3 days per week, (2) spend ≤2 hours per day of recreational…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBejarano, C. M., Carlson, J., Conway, T. L., Saelens, B. E., Glanz, K., Couch, S. C., Cain, K. L., & Sallis, J. F. (2021) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/0890117120984943 · Cited by 21
“Increased evidence is need to support current recommendations, such as the 24-hour movement guidelines that recommend limiting recreational screen time to 2 hours per day in youth 5-17 years old.(12) Although more detailed measures of patterns of sedentary behavior, objective measures of TV viewing, and identification…”
BackgroundAdolescent movement behaviour profiles are associated with indicators of mental wellbeing
Brown, D. M. Y., Cairney, J., & KWAN, M. Y. W. (2021) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2021.100387 · Cited by 22
Pauzé, E., & Kent, M. P. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/s41997-021-00528-1 · Cited by 21
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Public health preventive measures and child health behaviours during COVID-19: a cohort study
Li, X., Vanderloo, L. M., Maguire, J. L., Keown‐Stoneman, C. D. G., Aglipay, M., Anderson, L. N., Cost, K. T., Charach, A., Vanderhout, S. M., Birken, C. S., et al. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/s41997-021-00549-w · Cited by 21
Weaver, R. G., Tassitano, R. M., Tenório, M. C. M., Brazendale, K., & Beets, M. W. (2021) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2021-0254 · Cited by 22
Ambient air pollution and movement behaviours: A scoping review
Kim, Y.-B., McCurdy, A., Lamboglia, C. G., Hakimi, S., Kuzik, N., Lee, E., Lindeman, C., Sivak, A., & Spence, J. C. (2021) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102676 · Cited by 21
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Atividade física para crianças e jovens: Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira
Dumith, S. C., Filho, A. ́., Cureau, F. V., Júnior, J. C. D. F., Mello, J. B., da Silva, M. P., Matias, T. S., Lopes, W. A., Magalhães, L. L., & Hallal, P. C. (2021) · Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde · doi:10.12820/rbafs.26e0214 · Cited by 24
González, O. D.-J., Tugault-Lafleur, C. N., Buckler, E. J., Hamilton, J. K., Ho, J., Buchholz, A., Morrison, K. M., Ball, G. D. C., & Mâsse, L. C. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/35285 · Cited by 21
“The content within different features of the app was also informed by the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines [46] and the Canadian dietary guidelines in place at the time of the study (Canada’s Food Guide 2007) [47].”
Ferrari, G., Cristi‐Montero, C., Drenowatz, C. J., Kovalskys, I., Gómez, G., Rigotti, A., Cortés, L. Y., García, M. C. Y., Liria-Domínguez, M. R., Herrera‐Cuenca, M., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-15504-z · Cited by 21
Kuzik, N., Spence, J. C., Arkko, K., Blye, C.-J., Davie, J., Duddridge, R., Ekeli, T., English, A. R., Etruw, E., Hunter, S., et al. (2022) · Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors · doi:10.1186/s44167-022-00002-4 · Cited by 21
“For instance, Canada was the first to release 24-h movement guidelines for school-age children and youth (aged 5 to 17 years) in 2016 and for early years children (aged 0 to 4 years) in 2017, which included age-specific physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep recommendations [8, 9].”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationRodrigues, B., Encantado, J., Carraça, E. V., Martins, J., Marques, A., Lopes, L., Sousa‐Sá, E., Cliff, D. P., Mendes, R., & Santos, R. (2022) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2022-0399 · Cited by 23
Dowda, M. C., Saunders, R. P., Dishman, R. K., & Pate, R. R. (2023) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-023-01405-2 · Cited by 21
Self-citationLee, E., Shih, A.-C., & Tremblay, M. S. (2024) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.008 · Cited by 22
“3,7,8 To highlight the importance of and to revive diminishing active outdoor play, leading researchers in Canada published the impactful Position Statement on Active Outdoor Play in 2015.”
BackgroundSelf-citationZhao, M., Hou, M., Herold, F., Chen, Y., Werneck, A. O., Block, M. E., Kramer, A. F., Taylor, A., Cunha, P. M., Chaput, J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.086 · Cited by 21
Self-citationLewthwaite, H., Effing, T., Lenferink, A., Olds, T., & Williams, M. (2018) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.4604 · Cited by 21
Self-citationQuan, M., Pope, Z., & Gao, Z. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm7100302 · Cited by 21
“In fact, considering the potential effect of LPA on health-related outcomes, the updated youth PA guidelines for youth not only emphasize the importance of MVPA, but also highlight that several hours of LPA should be performed each day [2].”
BackgroundLevels of Physical Activity in Lithuanian Adolescents
Sánchez, G. F. L., Emeljanovas, A., Miežienė, B., Suárez, A. D., Castillo, S. S., Yang, L., Roberts, J., & Smith, L. (2018) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina54050084 · Cited by 21
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Consortia, O. B. O. T. I. A. I. F., Cheng, L., Pohlabeln, H., Ahrens, W., Lauria, F., Veidebaum, T., Chadjigeorgiou, C., Molnár, D., Eiben, G., Michels, N., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-00956-1 · Cited by 21
Do adolescent sedentary behavior levels predict type 2 diabetes risk in adulthood?
Scandiffio, J., & Janssen, I. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10948-w · Cited by 23
Self-citationAssociations of physical activity and screen time with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Zhu, L., Ru, S., Wang, W., Dou, Q., Li, Y., Guo, L., Chen, X., Wang, W., Li, W., Zhu, Z., et al. (2023) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1265/ehpm.23-00004 · Cited by 22
“Regarding the Canadian 24-h movement guideline recommendation for adolescents, ST was then categorized as meeting (<2 h/day) or exceeding ( ² 2 h/day) [64].”
Lee, E., Park, S., Kim, Y.-B., Lee, M., Lim, H., Ross‐White, A., Janssen, I., Spence, J. C., & Tremblay, M. S. (2024) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2023-0637 · Cited by 21
Self-citationHökby, S., Alvarsson, J., Westerlund, J., Carli, V., & Hadlaczky, G. (2025) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0004262 · Cited by 29
“In line with this, countries like Canada [17] and Australia [18] have previously adopted a 2 h limit recommendation.”
Adaptive Behavior Moderates Health-Related Pathways in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Bremer, E., & Cairney, J. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04277-6 · Cited by 20
“On average, the results indicate the presence of significant challenges in the domains of motor skill and adaptive behavior, along with physical activity levels below the recommended 60 min of MVPA per day (Tremblay et al. 2016).”
BackgroundDoes Recreational Soccer Change Metabolic Syndrome Status in Obese Adolescents? A Pilot Study
Vasconcellos, F. V. D. A., da Cunha, F. A., Gonet, D. T., & Farinatti, P. (2020) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2019.1711007 · Cited by 21
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“Times spent doing hard and moderate physical activity were combined for each day and then averaged to determine the average daily minutes of physical activity and whether students were meeting the guidelines of an average of 60 minutes per day (Tremblay et al. 2016).”
MethodChildren with congenital heart disease exhibit seasonal variation in physical activity
Kuan, M. T. Y., Voss, C., Lopez, J. R., Hemphill, N. M., & Harris, K. C. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241187 · Cited by 20
Adolescent’s movement behaviors and built environment: a latent class analysis
Caetano, I., Miranda, V., dos Santos, F. D., & Amorim, P. R. D. S. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11974-4 · Cited by 16
Canadian 24-h Movement Guidelines, Life Stress, and Self-Esteem Among Adolescents
Sampasa‐Kanyinga, H., Lien, A., Hamilton, H. A., & Chaput, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.702162 · Cited by 23
“Participants who spent no more than 2-h per day of screen time were considered meeting the screen time recommendation (27).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationKontostoli, E., Jones, A., Pearson, N., Foley, L. S., Biddle, S., & Atkin, A. J. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10077-7 · Cited by 24
“In Canada, for example, young people are recommended to accumulate at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) each day, limit sitting for extended periods with no more than 2 h per day of recreational screen time and attain 8–11 h of sleep each night [9].”
BackgroundDomingues, S. F., da Silva, C. D., de Faria, F. R., Souza, H. D. S., & Amorim, P. R. D. S. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266926 · Cited by 25
“The adolescents were instructed to consider all types of screens when asked: “On a normal day, how many hours do you spend in front of an electronic media device?” Volunteers who responded less than two hours reached screen time recommendations [1, 20].”
BackgroundInfluentialZhou, L., Liang, W., He, Y., Duan, Y., Rhodes, R. E., Liu, H., Liang, H., Shi, X., Zhang, J., & Cheng, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19148586 · Cited by 20
Guo, H., Ma, J., Chua, T. B. K., Tay, L. Y., Chia, M., & Kim, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710484 · Cited by 24
“The three movement behaviors, PA, screen time, and sleep were developed in Canada [4] and disseminated by the World”
BackgroundTapia‐Serrano, M. Á., Sánchez‐Oliva, D., Sevil‐Serrano, J., Marques, A., & Miguel, P. A. S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-21096-5 · Cited by 20
Lee, E., Kim, Y.-B., Goo, S. Y., Oyama, O., Lee, J., Kim, G., Lim, H., Sung, H., Yoon, J., Hwang, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.014 · Cited by 20
“The 2022 Report Card included the evaluation of 10 core indicators and one additional indicator: (1) Overall PA, (2) Organized Sport and PA, (3) Active Play, (4) Active Transportation, (5) Sedentary behaviors, (6) Physical Fitness, (7) Family and Peers, (8) School, (9) Community and Environment, (10) Government, and (…”
Cai-zhen, M., Yan, J. H., Hu, H., Shi, C., Li, F., & Zeng, X. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192416873 · Cited by 22
“To meet the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines, participants must report 7 days with a minimum of 60 min of MVPA daily, according to the Canadian 24-h Movement Guidelines [22].”
Sun, J., Jiang, X., & Wei, S. (2023) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101720 · Cited by 23
Molleri, N. A., Gomes, S. C., Marano, D., & Zin, A. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20095737 · Cited by 20
“The 24-Hour Movement Guidelines were published by the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology in 2016 [1].”
BackgroundMethodTelford, D. M., Meiring, R. M., & Gusso, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2023.1282482 · Cited by 24
Liu, Y., Zhang, E., Li, H., Ge, X., Hu, F., Cai, Y., & Xiang, M. (2024) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-024-00705-3 · Cited by 28
“This study exclusively focused on the health effects associated with recreational screen time, following the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, which recommend a maximum of 2 h of daily recreational screen time for children and adolescents [24].”
BackgroundMethodFrom Total Volume to Sequence Maps: Sophisticated Accelerometer Data Analysis
Chinapaw, M. J. M., Wang, X., Andersen, L. B., & Altenburg, T. M. (2018) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001849 · Cited by 20
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Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, F., Huertas‐Delgado, F. J., Barranco-Ruíz, Y., Aranda-Balboa, M. J., & Chillón, P. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186864 · Cited by 20
“The cut-off point to be “physically active” was >60 min/day MVPA [32], classified as meeting MVPA recommendations.”
BackgroundHayes, B., & Bainton, J. (2020) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034320961130 · Cited by 24
Clustering of Six Key Risk Behaviors for Chronic Disease among Adolescent Females
Gardner, L. A., Champion, K. E., Parmenter, B. J., Grummitt, L. R., Chapman, C., Sunderland, M., Thornton, L. K., MCBRIDE, N. T., The Health4Life Team, & Newton, N. C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17197211 · Cited by 19
“This clustering is reflected in the recent adoption of 24-h movement guidelines in Canada [20] and Australia [14], which recognize the importance of addressing physical activity, sedentary behavior/screen time, and sleep in conjunction.”
BackgroundKanellopoulou, A., Diamantis, D. V., Notara, V., & Panagiotakos, D. B. (2021) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-021-00352-6 · Cited by 20
Perceptions of Inclusivity: The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth
Handler, L., Tennant, E. M., Faulkner, G., & Latimer‐Cheung, A. E. (2018) · Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly · doi:10.1123/apaq.2017-0190 · Cited by 20
Self-citationBeets, M. W., Brazendale, K., Weaver, R. G., & Armstrong, B. (2019) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2019.0109 · Cited by 20
“55 The potential of this relatively ‘‘new space’’ is complimented by advances in technology that allow for the measurement of multiple obesogenic behaviors from a single device, and incorporating integrative statistical techniques–that have largely been ignored since their introduction 56 –such as…”
Ackah, M., Owiredu, D., Salifu, M. G., & Yeboah, C. O. (2022) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0001016 · Cited by 23
“, improve cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, bone health, and reduce depression), cognitive development, and prosocial behavior in people aged 11–17 years, the majority of adolescents are considered to be physically inactive globally [2,3].”
BackgroundDing, H., Jiang, L., Lin, X., Ye, C., & Chun, B. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22434-8 · Cited by 22
“Within a 24-h cycle, physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep duration (SD) interact closely with circadian rhythms [13, 14].”
Kobel, S., Dreyhaupt, J., Wartha, O., Kettner, S., Hoffmann, B., & Steinacker, J. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17239029 · Cited by 19
“Whereas Canadian and Australian guidelines suggest limiting sedentary recreational screen time for children aged 5–17 years to no more than 2 h per day [25,26], the World Health Organization (WHO) thus far has only issued such guidelines for children up to 5 years of age [27].”
BackgroundTapia‐Serrano, M. Á., Sevil‐Serrano, J., Sánchez‐Oliva, D., Vaquero‐Solís, M., & Miguel, P. A. S. (2021) · Revista de Psicodidáctica (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.psicoe.2021.06.001 · Cited by 23
Atkin, A. J., Dainty, J. R., Dumuid, D., Kontostoli, E., Shepstone, L., Tyler, R., Noonan, R. J., Richardson, C., & Fairclough, S. J. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047189 · Cited by 22
Zhang, Z., Wiebe, S. A., Rahman, A. A., & Carson, V. (2022) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2022.100447 · Cited by 19
Self-citationChaput, J., Gariépy, G., Pendharkar, S. R., Ayas, N., Samuels, C. H., Vallières, A., Davidson, J. R., Morin, C. M., Simonelli, G., Bourguinat, C., et al. (2022) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2022.06.005 · Cited by 20
Self-citationKyan, A., Takakura, M., & Miyagi, M. (2022) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2022.10.012 · Cited by 20
Gender Differences in Excessive Screen Time among Chinese High School Students in Henan Province
Cui, Z., Zou, P., Lin, Z., Cao, Y., & Luo, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010721 · Cited by 19
“The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth, and the Children and Adolescents Digital Media Guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend no more than two hours of daily recreational ST, beyond which is called excessive ST [2,3].”
BackgroundMandic, S., Bengoechea, E. G., Hopkins, D., Coppell, K. J., Smith, M., Moore, A., Keall, M., Ergler, C. R., Sandretto, S., Wilson, G. A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2023.101585 · Cited by 19
“Adolescents reporting ≥ 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day were classified as meeting physical activity recommendations (World Health Organization, 2010; Tremblay et al., 2016; Ministry of Health, 2012).”
Kuzik, N., Cameron, C. A., Carson, V., Chaput, J., Colley, R. C., Doiron, J., Faulkner, G., Janssen, I., Saunders, T. J., Spence, J. C., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1172168 · Cited by 19
Self-citationGarcía‐Hermoso, A., Ezzatvar, Y., & López‐Gil, J. F. (2023) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.06.014 · Cited by 19
Volpato, L. A., da Costa, J. C., Lopes, W. A., Sasaki, J. E., Romanzini, C. L. P., Ronque, Ê. R. V., & Romanzini, M. (2023) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2022-0471 · Cited by 19
Sims‐Gould, J., Race, D. L., MACDONALD, H. M., Houghton, K. M., Duffy, C. M., Tucker, L. B., & McKay, H. A. (2018) · Pediatric Rheumatology · doi:10.1186/s12969-018-0273-6 · Cited by 19
Menon, S., Philipneri, A., Ratnasingham, S., & Manson, H. E. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7007-7 · Cited by 19
Examining weather-related factors on physical activity levels of children from rural communities
Button, B. L. G., Shah, T. I., Clark, A. F., Wilk, P., & Gilliland, J. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/s41997-020-00324-3 · Cited by 19
“Recently, Canada has adopted the 24-hour movement guidelines that take a more comprehensive approach to examining children’s PA (Tremblay et al. 2016).”
BackgroundBecker, D. R., & Nader, P. A. (2021) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.04.007 · Cited by 21
Way2Go! Social marketing for girls' active transportation to school
Sauvage-Mar, C., Naylor, P., Higgins, J., & VonBuchholz, H. (2019) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100828 · Cited by 19
“…Canadian children and youth participate in 60min or more of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) daily, putting them at risk for developing chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type II diabetes (Barnes et al., 2016; Patnode et al., 2010; Spurr et al., 2016; Tremblay et al., 2016).”
BackgroundBourke, M., Wang, H., Fortnum, K., Thomas, G., O’Flaherty, M., Mulcahy, S. K., Gomersall, S. R., Alsop, T., Trost, S. G., Bruijns, B. A., et al. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.70120 · Cited by 22
The Differential Impact of Screen Time on Children’s Wellbeing
Belton, S., Issartel, J., Behan, S., Goss, H. R., & Peers, C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18179143 · Cited by 50
“While no specific screen time limit is set by the Irish Health Service Executive, two hours as a threshold for categorising screen time was selected for use in statistical analysis for consistency with other national and international studies [27,28] and recent 24-h movement guidelines published internationally (Austr…”
MethodAl-Hazzaa, H. M., Alothman, S., Alghannam, A. F., & Al-Masud, A. A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14010110 · Cited by 21
“* Overweight or obesity cut-offs are based on IOTF cut-off values [22]; waist-to-height ratio cut-offs are based [23,24]; screen time cut-offs are based on [29]; sleep duration cut-offs are based on [30]; and physical activity cut-offs are below or above 1680 METs-min/week (an equivalent of 60 min of daily moderate in…”
BackgroundMethodAlkhraiji, M. H., BARKER, A. R., & Williams, C. A. (2022) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2022.2092982 · Cited by 21
Shi, C., Chen, S., Wang, L., Yan, J. H., Liang, K., Hong, J., & Shen, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.873141 · Cited by 23
Results from Brazil’s 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents
Silva, D. A. S., Pelegrini, A., Christófaro, D. G. D., Ferrari, E. P., Ferrari, G., da Silva, K. S., de Lima, L. R. A., Nardo, N., Silva, R. J. D. S., & Filho, V. C. B. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191610256 · Cited by 21
Fagan, M. J., Duncan, M. J., Bedi, R. P., Puterman, E. M., Leatherdale, S. T., & Faulkner, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.889987 · Cited by 18
Self-citationAljahdali, A., Baylín, A., Ruiz-Narváez, E., Kim, H. M., Cantoral, A., Téllez‐Rojo, M. M., Banker, M. M., & Peterson, K. E. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01375-0 · Cited by 18
Swindell, N. J., Wachira, L.-J. M., Okoth, V., Kinuthia, S. K., Owino, G., Ochola, S., Brophy, S. T., Summers, H. D., Richards, A. B., Fairclough, S. J., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0279751 · Cited by 18
“Guidelines recommend that children and adolescents spend at least 60 minutes in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), accumulate no more than 2 h of recreational ST, and get sufficient sleep (9–11 h for children and 8–10 h for adolescents) per day [6].”
BackgroundSelf-citationAdherence to 24-h movement guidelines and cognitive difficulties in adolescents
Lu, Y., & Zhao, M. (2023) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101744 · Cited by 19
Toward an Integrated Consideration of 24 h Movement Guidelines and Nutritional Recommendations
Fournier, E., Łuszczki, E., Isacco, L., Chanséaume, E., Gryson, C., Chambrier, C., Drapeau, V., Chaput, J., & Thivel, D. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15092109 · Cited by 19
“For children and youth (5–17 years), a ‘healthy’ 24 h includes an accumulation of at least 60 min per day of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), with muscle and bone strengthening activities at least 3 days a week, no more than 2 h per day of recreational screen time and limited sitting for extended periods [29].”
BackgroundSelf-citationAnalysis of national physical activity and sedentary behaviour policies in China
Chen, S., Hong, J., Milton, K. E., Pogrmilović, B. K., Ma, J., & Pedišić, Ž. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15865-8 · Cited by 23
Neville, R. D., Hopkins, W. G., McArthur, B. A., Draper, C. E., & Madigan, S. L. (2024) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2023-0346 · Cited by 18
Ding, X., Ji, Y., Dong, Y., Li, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19128-y · Cited by 25
“Similarly, the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology recommended less than two hours of recreational screen time daily for a “healthy 24 hours” for children aged 5–17 years [49].”
BackgroundPerales-García, A., Anta, R. M. O., Urrialde, R., & López-Sobaler, A. M. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0208748 · Cited by 18
Aira, T., Salin, K., Vasankari, T. J., Korpelainen, R., Parkkari, J. P., Heinonen, O. J., Savonen, K. P., Alanko, L., Kannas, L. K., Selänne, H., et al. (2019) · Advances in Physical Education · doi:10.4236/ape.2019.94019 · Cited by 26
“…PA recommendations for health (World Health Organization, 2010), children and adolescents should engage in at least 60 minutes of MVPA every day, whereas new Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (Tremblay et al., 2016) states “at least 60 minutes of MVPA per day on average”.”
BackgroundSigmund, E., Sigmundová, D., & Baďura, P. (2020) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-020-01419-x · Cited by 18
Results From the 2019 ParticipACTION Report Card on Physical Activity for Adults
Macridis, S., Cameron, C., Chaput, J., Chulak-Bozzer, T., Clark, P. C., Davenport, M. H., Faulkner, G., Fowles, J. R., Lévesque, L., Porter, M. M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2019-0646 · Cited by 19
Self-citationSollerhed, A., & Hedov, G. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18020660 · Cited by 20
“Children and adolescents in general sit more, walk less frequently and do less PA than children did some decades ago [13,25,26].”
BackgroundEquivalence Curves for Healthy Lifestyle Choices
Ng, E., Wake, M. A., Olds, T., Lycett, K., Edwards, B., Le, H., & Dumuid, D. (2021) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-025395 · Cited by 18
Self-citationHaegele, J. A., Zhu, X., Healy, S., & Patterson, F. (2021) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2019-0665 · Cited by 18
BaHammam, A. S., Alghannam, A. F., Aljaloud, K. S., Aljuraiban, G. S., AlMarzooqi, M. A., Dobia, A., Alothman, S., Aljuhani, O. E., & Alfawaz, R. A. (2021) · Annals of Thoracic Medicine · doi:10.4103/atm.atm_32_21 · Cited by 21
Rollo, S., Roberts, K. C., Bang, F., Carson, V., Chaput, J., Colley, R. C., Janssen, I., & Tremblay, M. S. (2022) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2021-0542 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Tremblay, M. S., Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Connor Gorber, S., Dinh, T., Duggan, M., Faulkner, G., Gray, C. E., Gruber, R., Janson, K., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Kho, M. E., Latimer-Cheung, A. E., LeBlanc, C., Okely, A. D., Olds, T., Pate, R. R., Phillips, A., Poitras, V. J., Rodenburg, S., Sampson, M., Saunders, T. J., Stone, J. A., Stratton, G., Weiss, S. K., & Zehr, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
- Conference Board of Canada (CA)
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CA)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CA)
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- ParticipACTION (CA)
- Queen's University (CA)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
- McGill University (CA)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
- University of South Carolina (US)
- No affiliation.
- University of Prince Edward Island (CA)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Swansea University (GB)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Camosun College (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 6 (Suppl. 3)
- Pages
- S311-S327
- ISSN
- 1715-5312 (ISSN-L)
- 1715-5320
- OpenAlex
- W2435437921
- Cited by
- 2,024
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 178 · 2025: 241 · 2024: 246 · 2023: 264 · 2022: 285 · 2021: 270 · 2020: 223 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 108 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 19
- FWCI
- 84.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- IslandScholar (University of Prince Edward Island) (submittedVersion)
- QSpace (Queen's University Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- 24-hour movement guidelines, children and young people, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, light physical activity, moderate physical activity, high-intensity exercise, health indicators, AGREE II, GRADE, Canadian Health Measures Survey, stakeholder engagement
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Canada, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Sleep, Health Behavior, Exercise, Focus Groups, Guidelines as Topic, Sedentary Behavior
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