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Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep
Open accessAbstract
Leaders from the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology convened representatives of national organizations, content experts, methodologists, stakeholders, and end-users who followed rigorous and transparent guideline development procedures to create the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. These novel guidelines for children and youth aged 5-17 years respect the natural and intuitive integration of movement behaviours across the whole day (24-h period). The development process was guided by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument and systematic reviews of evidence informing the guidelines were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Four systematic reviews (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, integrated behaviours) examining the relationships between and among movement behaviours and several health indicators were completed and interpreted by expert consensus. Complementary compositional analyses were performed using Canadian Health Measures Survey data to examine the relationships between movement behaviours and health indicators. A stakeholder survey was employed (n = 590) and 28 focus groups/stakeholder interviews (n = 104) were completed to gather feedback on draft guidelines. Following an introductory preamble, the guidelines provide evidence-informed recommendations for a healthy day (24 h), comprising a combination of sleep, sedentary behaviours, light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity physical activity. Proactive dissemination, promotion, implementation, and evaluation plans have been prepared in an effort to optimize uptake and activation of the new guidelines. Future research should consider the integrated relationships among movement behaviours, and similar integrated guidelines for other age groups should be developed.
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In the citing paper
“In order to preserve both overall mental health and cognitive functioning, both Canada's 15 and Australia's 16 24-Hour Movement Guidelines have adopted a 'whole day time-use' paradigm for young people, recommending that each day should include at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous exercise, several hours of light physical activity, no more than two hours of sedentary leisure activities, and 8-11”
From A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Recent 24-h movement guidelines have promoted whole-day movement patterns that target both enhanced MVPA and restriction of sedentary time (ST).6”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“A specific policy in Japan (limiting the distance between the children and youth homes and the public elementary and junior high schools) 77 and the high density of Hong Kong, Japanese, and South Korean cities, allow children and youth to live a short trip away from their school, which can minimize the use of cars or other forms of motorized vehicles, and promote active travel.25,78,79”
From Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries (2018) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (aged 5 to 17 years) have been released in 2016 and recommend ≥60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), ≤2 h/day of recreational screen time, and 9 to 11 h of sleep per day for 5- to 13-year-olds or 8 to 10 h of sleep per day for 14- to 17-year-olds to support healthy development [17].”
In the citing paper
“To our knowledge, this is the first time the relationship between 24-h movement guidelines and mental health indicators in children and adolescents has been systematically reviewed since the release of aforementioned guidelines in 2016 [17].”
In the citing paper
“This is in line with current recommendations and previous research showing that MVPA, screen time and sleep duration are the components of the 24-h day that are more strongly associated with obesity and other health outcomes [2, 4, 11, 14].”
From Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study (2016) · cites this paper as [4]
Citations
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“…seem inappropriate or counter-intuitive to include sedentary behaviour and sleep in a list of “movement behaviours”, we do so throughout this paper and the guidelines in the context of a movement continuum (Tremblay et al. 2010a) and to succinctly capture the relevant components of the whole day.”
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“2011; ParticipACTION 2015, 2016), sleep (Chaput et al. 2016; Owens 2014; Matricciani et al. 2012; ParticipACTION 2016), and obesity (Gotay et al.”
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Shirazipour, C. H., Raines, C., Diniz, M. A., Salvy, S., Haile, R. W., Freedland, S. J., Asher, A., Tomasone, J. R., & Gresham, G. K. (2023) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101081 · Cited by 12
Passive and social screen time in children with autism and in association with obesity
Must, A., Eliasziw, M., Stanish, H., Curtin, C., Bandini, L., & Bowling, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1198033 · Cited by 12
“The Canadian Pediatric Society 2022 guidelines for young children emphasize quality over quantity (50).”
BackgroundFriel, C. P., Diaz, K. M., & Rupp, K. (2023) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171231210389 · Cited by 14
“31,32 Sleep.”
BackgroundHa, L., Wakefield, C. E., Díaz, C., Mizrahi, D., Signorelli, C., Yacef, K., & Simar, D. (2023) · Health Informatics Journal · doi:10.1177/14604582231212525 · Cited by 12
“41 Similarly, Sanders et al. suggested a concept called, ‘ Snacktivity ™ ’ , to promote small bouts (e.g. 2 – 5 minutes) of physical activity accumulated throughout the whole day for adults.”
BackgroundExamining sleep characteristics in Canada through a diversity and equity lens
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Self-citationMaternal 24-h movement patterns across pregnancy and postpartum: The LIFE-Moms consortium
Kracht, C. L., Drews, K. L., Flanagan, E. W., Keadle, S. K., Gallagher, D., Horn, L. V., Haire-Joshu, D. L., Phelan, S., Pomeroy, J. J., & Redman, L. M. (2024) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102740 · Cited by 11
“Recognizing the exclusive and reciprocal properties of these behaviors, a 24-h activity cycle paradigm emerged to improve all three behaviors (Rosenberger et al., 2019; Tremblay et al., 2016).”
BackgroundLiang, Y., Ke, Y., & Liu, Y. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0304693 · Cited by 11
“Responses were dichotomized into two categories: 7 days/weeks (meeting the PA recommendations) and 7 days/weeks (not meeting the PA recommendations) [30].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential24-H movement behaviours research in Chinese population: A scoping review
Huang, J., Memon, A. R., Bao, R., Fan, H., Wang, L., Liu, Y., Chen, S., & Li, C. (2024) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2024.07.005 · Cited by 11
“Since the first physical activity study using compositional data analysis was published in 2015, 69 and the release of the first 24-h movement guidelines in 2016 25 , research on 24-h movement behaviours has become an important topic in the public health related research.”
BackgroundTran, T. V., Nguyen, H. T. L., Tran, X. M. T., Tashiro, Y., Seino, K., Vo, T. V., & Nakamura, K. (2024) · Journal of Rural Medicine · doi:10.2185/jrm.2024-012 · Cited by 21
“Seven response options were available, ranging from 4 h or less to 10 h or more, which was subsequently categorized into less than 8 h and 8 h or more 36) .”
BackgroundRhodes, R. E., Banik, A., Szczuka, Z., Aulbach, M. B., DeSmet, A., Durand, H., Gatting, L., Green, J., Hillison, E. Z., Masaryk, R., et al. (2024) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2024-0113 · Cited by 13
Tanveer, M., Asghar, E., Bădicu, G., Batrakoulis, A., Tanveer, U., Brand, S., Fernandes, M. S. D. S., & Ardigò, L. P. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0317534 · Cited by 29
López‐Gil, J. F., Solmi, M., García‐Hermoso, A., Vancampfort, D., Fabiano, N., Schuch, F. B., Stubss, B., Smith, L., Torous, J. B., & Firth, J. (2025) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-025-02663-3 · Cited by 11
“Thus, more recent efforts have introduced the concept of “24-h movement behaviors”, referring to all move-ment-related behaviors, capturing physical activity, sleep duration, and sedentary behavior (including screen time) across a 24-h time-use continuum [21].”
InfluentialTanveer, M., Cai, Y., Bădicu, G., Asghar, E., Batrakoulis, A., Ardigò, L. P., & Brand, S. (2025) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.13208 · Cited by 25
“49,67 This research extends the applicability of the 24-h movement framework to Pakistan's cultural context, reaffirming its global relevance.”
InfluentialFrimpong, E., McVeigh, J. A., & Meiring, R. M. (2017) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2017-0214 · Cited by 11
Yang, X., Leung, W. Y., Chen, Y. S., Ouyang, Y. F., & Zhao, W. H. (2021) · PubMed · doi:10.3967/bes2021.083 · Cited by 11
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Self-citationmHealth interventions targeting movement behaviors in Asia: A scoping review
Edney, S. M., Chua, X. H., Müller, A. M., Kui, K. Y., & Müller‐Riemenschneider, F. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13396 · Cited by 11
Gammon, C., Atkin, A. J., Corder, K. L., Ekelund, U., Hansen, B. H., Sherar, L. B., Andersen, L. B., Anderssen, S. A., Davey, R., Hallal, P. C., et al. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002884 · Cited by 11
“This change was based on expert opinion, evidence on the variable nature of youth PA across the week (15), and the rationale that the evidence base is mostly based on the average approach to quantify activity levels (12).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLi, Y., Gao, D., Chen, M., Ma, Y., Chen, L., Ma, J., & Dong, Y. (2022) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114522000563 · Cited by 11
“Each favourable lifestyle component was determined according to the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese school-age children and Canadian Guidelines for children and youth (30,31) , as shown in the online Supplementary Table 1.”
Screen time associated with adolescent obesity and obesity risk factors
Chaput, J. (2017) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.023 · Cited by 11
Self-citationArhab, A., Messerli‐Bürgy, N., Kakebeeke, T. H., Lanzi, S., Stülb, K., Zysset, A. E., Leeger‐Aschmann, C. S., Schmutz, E. A., Meyer, A. H., Munsch, S., et al. (2018) · Journal of Environmental and Public Health · doi:10.1155/2018/9157194 · Cited by 11
“In addition to this, we were also interested in investigating the CC correlates that are related to overall PA including all days, as it is this overall PA that is important for overall health outcomes [33].”
BackgroundProfiling movement behaviours in pre-school children: A self-organised map approach
Clark, C. C. T., Duncan, M. J., Eyre, E. L. J., Stratton, G., García‐Massó, X., & Estevan, I. (2019) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1686942 · Cited by 11
“principal aim of this study focussed on relative differences, with respect to absolute levels of PA and SB and alignment with global PA guidelines, all profiles achieved the recommended 180 min/day PA (considering light PA and MVPA (Department of Health, 2011; Edwards et al., 2018; Tremblay et al., 2016)); however, on…”
BackgroundSelf-citationSundgot‐Borgen, J., Friborg, O., Kolle, E., Torstveit, M. K., Sundgot‐Borgen, J., Engen, K. M. E., Rosenvinge, J. H., Pettersen, G., & Bratland‐Sanda, S. (2019) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0300060519889453 · Cited by 13
Dawkins, N. P., Yates, T., Edwardson, C. L., Maylor, B. D., Davies, M. J., Dunstan, D. W., HIGHTON, P. J., Herring, L. Y., Khunti, K. K., & Rowlands, A. V. (2020) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1812202 · Cited by 11
Siedler, M. R., Lamadrid, P., Humphries, M. N., Mustafa, R. A., Falck-Ytter, Y. T., Dahm, P., Sultan, S., Murad, M. H., & Morgan, R. L. (2020) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2020-0378 · Cited by 12
Twenty‐Four Hour Activity and Sleep Profiles for Adults Living with Arthritis: Habits Matter
Feehan, L. M., Lu, N., Xie, H. W., & LI, L. C. (2020) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.24424 · Cited by 10
“The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology has identified 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth, including recommendations for time spent sleeping, being physically active, participating in structured and unstructured walking activities, and sitting for recreational screen activities (22); however, simi…”
BackgroundGu, M. C., Liu, C.-C., Hsu, C.-C., Lu, C.-J., Lee, T., Chen, M., & Ho, C. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10636-9 · Cited by 13
Soltero, E. G., Navabi, N., Wyst, K. B. V., Hernandez, E., Castro, F. G., Ayers, S. L., Mendez, J., & Shaibi, G. Q. (2021) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/10901981211054789 · Cited by 12
“However, few studies have used objectives measures like accelerometry to rigorously assess PA, SB, and sleep across the 24-hour cycle in Latino youth or young adults (Chaput et al., 2014; Dunstan et al., 2010; Patel et al., 2010; Tremblay et al., 2016).”
BackgroundAlmugti, H. S., Alotaibi, A., Almohammed, A., Abuhadi, R. I., Baeshen, R. A., Alharthi, Z. S., Alsharari, A., Alotaibi, S., Omar, Y. Z., Alturki, N. A., et al. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.19856 · Cited by 11
“Health behaviors were defined based on the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth, which include the following recommendations for the level of physical activity, hours of sleep, and duration of sedentary behavior children should engage in within each 24-hour period [15]:”
MethodChen, S., Wang, B., Imagbe, S., Gu, X., Androzzi, J. N., Liu, Y., Yli-Piipari, S. R., Hu, G., & Staiano, A. E. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052560 · Cited by 11
Physical activity among young children with disabilities: a systematic review protocol
Vanderloo, L. M., Taylor, L. G., Yates, J., Bassett-Gunter, R. L., Stanley, M., & Tucker, P. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060140 · Cited by 11
Bingham, D. D., Daly-Smith, A., Hall, J., Seims, A., Dogra, S. A., Fairclough, S. J., Ajebon, M. O., Kelly, B., Hou, B., Shire, K. A., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.02.26.21252543 · Cited by 11
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“This finding is consistent with previous SUNRISE study data from low-and middle-income countries, which consistently report low adherence to combined guidelines, even when individual behaviors are relatively well met [47–49].”
InfluentialZhang, X., & Gu, X. (2021) · International Journal of Kinesiology in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/24711616.2021.1921637 · Cited by 10
“In 2016, the Canadian 24-h Movement Behavior Guidelines were released to guide researchers and professionals in evaluating and monitoring an individual’s movement behavior (MVPA ≥ 60 mins/day; screen time <2 hours/day; sleep ≥ 8 hours) within a 24-h cycle (Tremblay et al., 2016).”
MethodMayorga-Vega, D., Fajkowska, M., Guijarro-Romero, S., & Viciana, J. (2021) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2021.1935432 · Cited by 14
“Based on the current sleep recommendations (Tremblay et al., 2016), an actual awake time of 14 h per day was assumed.”
BackgroundGiurgiu, M., Nigg, C., Fiedler, J., Timm, I., Rulf, E., Bussmann, J. B. J., Nigg, C. R., Wöll, A., & Ebner‐Priemer, U. (2022) · Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour · doi:10.1123/jmpb.2022-0014 · Cited by 12
Zhu, N., Guo, H., Ma, D., Wang, Q., Ma, J., & Kim, H. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10071146 · Cited by 11
“Consequently, in light of the publication of the 24 h MGs for Canadian youth and adolescents (aged 5–17 years) [20], there is a necessity to comprehend the proportion of children who adhere to the guidelines, and to determine which specific amalgamation of behaviours holds the greatest significance in relation to thei…”
BackgroundAccelerometer-derived physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns among Korean adults
Shin, S. W., Kim, H., Kang, Y. H., & Kim, J. (2023) · Physical Activity and Nutrition · doi:10.20463/pan.2023.0015 · Cited by 10
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“Since the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines were issued in 2016 ( Tremblay et al., 2016 ; Liu et al., 2022 ; Ma et al., 2022 ), emerging evidence has focused on the benefits of adhering to the movement guidelines.”
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Self-citationLi, J., Sun, W., Luo, Z., Liu, Y., Huang, X., Jiang, D., Li, S., Meng, J., Gu, F., Zhang, R., et al. (2024) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/53101 · Cited by 12
“According to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, screen time of ≥2 hours/day is considered excessive [23].”
MethodMontgomery, L. R. C., Swain, M. S., Dario, A. B., O’Keeffe, M., Yamato, T. P., Hartvigsen, J., French, S., Williams, C. M., & Kamper, S. J. (2024) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2024-108648 · Cited by 16
“24 25 However, children and adolescents frequently exceed the recommended limits, with adolescents surpassing children in time spent sedentary.”
Larose, D., Massie, C.-L., St-Aubin, A., Boulay-Pelletier, V., Boulanger, E., Lavoie, M. D., Yessis, J. L., Tremblay, A., & Drapeau, V. (2024) · Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors · doi:10.1186/s44167-024-00068-2 · Cited by 14
Wang, J., Yang, Y., Wu, J., Xie, T., Guo, X., Yuan, X., Li, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., & Zhuang, J. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-21487-z · Cited by 10
“Adherence to sleep duration was measured against the 24-h activity guidelines recommended for Canadian children and adolescents [24], with 9 or more hours per day deemed as standard, and less than 9 h classified as non-standard.”
da Silva, A. F., Martins, P. C., Santiago, L. N., & Silva, D. A. S. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12030260 · Cited by 14
“The term “24-hour movement guidelines” is widely used and refers to compliance with each of the movement behavior recommendations established by different national guidelines [2,10,11].”
InfluentialOberle, E., Fan, S., Molyneux, T. M., Ji, X. R., & BRUSSONI, M. J. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-21857-7 · Cited by 12
“The guidelines offer a framework for adolescent health promotion and include recommendations for physical activity (PA; light, and moderate to vigorous), sedentary behaviour (including recreational screen time), and sleep across a 24-hour period [5].”
24-Hour Movement Behaviors Among US Adults With Functional Disabilities
Ross, S. M., Haegele, J. A., Schram, B. M., & Healy, S. (2022) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2021-0648 · Cited by 10
Buckler, E. J., Mâsse, L. C., Faulkner, G., Puterman, E. M., McConnell‐Nzunga, J., & Naylor, P. (2022) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daac036 · Cited by 11
Self-citationBejarano, G., Brayton, R. P., Ranjit, N., Hoelscher, D. M., Brown, D. E., & Knell, G. (2022) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-022-03488-8 · Cited by 11
“In light of these findings, the American Academy of Pediatrics and World Health Organization established evidence-based guidelines which recommend that children accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic physical activity (PA) per 24 hours, limit their screen-time to less than 2 hours, and sleep for…”
BackgroundCraemer, M. D., Stappen, V. V., Brondeel, R., Iotova, V., Chakarova, N. Y., Rurik, I., Lindström, J., Kivelä, J., Moreno, L. A., Mavrogianni, C., et al. (2022) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-022-01115-2 · Cited by 10
Movement behaviours, breakfast consumption, and fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents
Sampasa‐Kanyinga, H., Hamilton, H. A., & Chaput, J. (2022) · Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors · doi:10.1186/s44167-022-00001-5 · Cited by 10
“The Canadian 24-h movement guidelines for children and adolescents represent a new movement paradigm that emphasizes the integration of all movement behaviours occurring over a whole day, shifting the focus from the individual components to the whole [24].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationAssociation between Chronotype and Physical Behaviours in Adolescent Girls
Plekhanova, T., Crawley, E., Davies, M. J., Gorely, T., Harrington, D. M., Ioannidou, E., Khunti, K., Rowlands, A. V., Sherar, L. B., Yates, T. E., et al. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10050819 · Cited by 10
“Current 24 h movement guidelines for children and adolescents aged 5–17 recommend at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, less than two hours of sedentary screen time, and 8–10 h of sleep for adolescents aged 13–18 each day [23,24].”
BackgroundGhanamah, R., Eghbaria-Ghanamah, H., Abu-Saleh, N., & Kitany, S. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20116041 · Cited by 9
Wang, S., Xu, W., Gao, L., Tan, W., Zheng, H., Hou, C., & Jia, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1104841 · Cited by 12
Suchert, V., Hanewinkel, R., Neumann, C., & Hansen, J. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10081392 · Cited by 10
“and 8–10 h per night (14–17 years) [7].”
BackgroundSpence, C. M., Khoo, N. S., Mackie, A. S., Conway, J. L., Rowland, S. D., Foshaug, R. R., Boulanger, P., Spence, J. C., Stickland, M. K., & Khoury, M. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2023.08.015 · Cited by 10
Hunter, S., Leatherdale, S. T., & Carson, V. (2018) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12672 · Cited by 11
Self-citationButler, G., Roberts, K. C., Kropac, E., Rao, D. P., Branchard, B., Prince, S. A., Thompson, W., & Jayaraman, G. (2019) · Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada · doi:10.24095/hpcdp.39.5.04 · Cited by 10
Hammami, N., Chaurasia, A. K., Bigelow, P., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2019) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105758 · Cited by 10
“In compliance with the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology’s 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for PA (Tremblay et al., 2016), youth who on at least three of the last seven days participated in (i) hard activity and (ii) activities strengthening muscles and bones and (iii) in the last seven days performed sixty minutes…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEducación física como proyecto de innovación y transformación cultural
da Costa, F. C. (2019) · Recie. Revista Caribeña de Investigación Educativa · doi:10.32541/recie.2019.v3i2.pp19-32 · Cited by 14
McGee, M., Unger, S. L., Hamilton, J. K., Birken, C. S., Pausová, Z., Vanderloo, L. M., Bando, N., & O’Connor, D. L. (2020) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.12610 · Cited by 10
“Only 52% of children achieved the recommended 60 minutes/day of MVPA, whereas 96% of children achieved 9 hours/ night of sleep as recommended by national guidelines.(19) The variability in the data is summarized as a variation matrix in Table 2.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAnderson, L. N., Sandhu, R., Keown‐Stoneman, C. D. G., Rubeis, V. D., Borkhoff, C. M., Carsley, S., Maguire, J. L., & Birken, C. S. (2020) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.414 · Cited by 10
“Children under five that reported greater than 60 min per day of screen time, and children 5 years and older that reported greater than 120 min per day were identified as having high screen time.(27,28) Parent-report of child sleep duration was dichotomized as not meeting recommendations if sleep duration was <10 h fo…”
BackgroundMexico’s 2018 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth: Full report
Argumedo, G., y Taylor, J. R. L., Gaytán-González, A., González-Casanova, I., Villalobos, ́. F. G., Jáuregui, A., Jáuregui-Ulloa, E. E., Medina, C., Miranda, Y. S. P., Rodríguez, M. P., et al. (2020) · Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública · doi:10.26633/rpsp.2020.26 · Cited by 10
Campbell, E. J., Olstad, D. L., Spence, J. C., Storey, K., & Nykiforuk, C. I. J. (2020) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100612 · Cited by 13
“As such, the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth (aged 5–17 years) recommend that young people participate in at least 60 min of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for optimal health (Tremblay et al., 2016).”
BackgroundChanges in Lifestyle Habits among Adolescent Girls after FitSpirit Participation
Paiement, K., Drapeau, V., Gilbert, J., Lemoyne, J., Moreau, N., Monthuy‐Blanc, J., Tremblay, J., Marcil, V., & Mathieu, M.-E. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17124388 · Cited by 10
“Note: p: p-value; inactive: reach PA recommendations < 4 days/week; active: reach PA recommendations at least 4 days/week; PA: physical activity [1].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHealy, S., Patterson, F., Williams, E., Lozano, A. J., Hanlon, A. L., & Obrusníková, I. (2020) · European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity · doi:10.5507/euj.2020.006 · Cited by 10
“The guidelines recommend that, across a 24-hour period, all children should engage in at least one hour of moderate-vigorous physical activity, no more than 2 hours of screen-time, and 9 to 11 hours of sleep (or 8 to 10 for children aged 14 or older) (Tremblay et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialLi, C., Haegele, J. A., & Wang, L. (2020) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100970 · Cited by 13
Typologies of Family Functioning and 24-h Movement Behaviors
Guerrero, M. D., Barnes, J., Tremblay, M., & Pulkki-Råback, L. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18020699 · Cited by 9
“For each movement behavior, children were coded as either 1 (meeting the guideline) or 0 (not meeting the guideline) and were then used to create three separate dichotomous variables: (1) 0 recommendations vs.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationHaegele, J. A., Zhu, X., & Bennett, H. J. (2021) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101102 · Cited by 10
Lu, Y., Wiltshire, H., Baker, J. S., & Wang, Q. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19127177 · Cited by 13
“Therefore, collecting data on all movement behaviors, including PA performed at all intensity categories, sedentary behaviors, and sleep over a full day (24 h) may provide researchers with the best method to observe any changes in the time accumulated in other behaviors, resulting from a single or combined behavioral…”
MethodMurray, M. A., Obeid, N., Gunnell, K. E., Buchholz, A., Flament, M. F., & Goldfield, G. S. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12576 · Cited by 10
Childhood obesity as a health priority. Guidelines for improving weight control
Ortega, R., Ortega, A. I. J., García, R. M. M., Aguilar-Aguilar, E., & Lozano-Estevan, M. D. C. (2022) · Nutrición Hospitalaria · doi:10.20960/nh.04308 · Cited by 10
Sasayama, K., & Adachi, M. (2019) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1705053 · Cited by 10
“Therefore, the World Health Organisation and several countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada have published physical activity guidelines to promote physical activity in children (Department of Health and Social Care, 2011; Tremblay et al., 2016; U.S. Department of.”
BackgroundBurns, R. D., Pfledderer, C. D., & Fu, Y. (2021) · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2021-0045 · Cited by 9
Results from the Lebanese 2022 report card on physical activity for children and youth
Nader, P. A., Hadla, R., Majed, L., Mattar, L., & Sayegh, S. (2022) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.007 · Cited by 10
Gerritsen, A., Hulst, R. Y., van Rijssen, I. M., Obeid, J., Pillen, S., Gorter, J. W., & Verschuren, O. W. (2023) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2023.2232720 · Cited by 9
“…sleep. sleep, physical activity, and sedentary time are interconnected behaviours that make up a child’s whole day (24-h movement behaviours) [14]. therefore, if a child spends more time being sedentary there is less time to be spent sleeping or engaging in physical activity within a given…”
BackgroundHormazábal‐Aguayo, I., Muñoz‐Pardeza, J., López‐Gil, J. F., Huerta‐Uribe, N., Chueca-Guindulain, M. J., Berrade‐Zubiri, S., Sánchez, E. B., Izquierdo, M., Ezzatvar, Y., & García‐Hermoso, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1354734 · Cited by 12
Yin, L., Li, F., Liu, P., Yin, Z., Yang, Z., Pi, L., & Gao, Z. (2024) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2024.1337158 · Cited by 11
Out-of-school Activities and Adherence to 24-hour Movement Guidelines
Pfledderer, C. D., Brown, D. M. Y., Lanza, K., Hunt, E. T., Porter, C. D., Parker, H., Stoepker, P., & Brazendale, K. (2024) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.016 · Cited by 9
Hao, Y., Zhou, X., Razman, R., Peng, S., & Ahmad, N. S. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19842-7 · Cited by 9
“In 2016, the pioneering Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24-HMG) for children and adolescents was released, which provided guidance on the amount of time spent in all intensities of PA, SB and sleep to optimize health benefits [13].”
BackgroundRaw Photoplethysmography as an Enhancement for Research-Grade Wearable Activity Monitors
Hibbing, P. R., & Khan, M. M. (2024) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/57158 · Cited by 10
“The importance of the concept is reflected in the release of 24-hour movement guidelines from numerous governments and the World Health Organization over the last few years [124-129], and there are at least 2 key contributions raw PPG can make to 24-hour assessments.”
BackgroundZhang, Y., Yao, L., Chen, L., Zhong, W., Li, J., Xu, L., & Pan, X. (2024) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-024-01689-1 · Cited by 9
“As a result, some countries have revised 24-hour movement guidelines to encompass a full day’s movement behaviors [17–19].”
Sigmundová, D., Vorlíček, M., Voráčová, J., Dygrýn, J., & Sigmund, E. (2025) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckae224 · Cited by 9
“Children aged ≥ 5years were considered to have met the 24-hMBGs if they accumulated at least 60min/day of MVPA, had no more than 2h/day of ST, and slept 9–11h/day [2, 27].”
Jungehuelsing, C., Meigen, C., Krause, S., Kieß, W., & Poulain, T. (2025) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-025-03860-1 · Cited by 9
“41,42 The link between extended screen time and higher BMI in children and adolescents is well documented 43,44 and could be due to mindless eating in the absence of hunger 44 as well as eating unhealthy foods while watching screens.”
Longitudinal relationship between adherence to 24-h Movement Guidelines and adiposity among children
Zhao, H., Miao, J., Wang, D., Tan, X. W., & Gao, Y. (2025) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-025-06096-7 · Cited by 9
“As the evidence supporting the need for an integrated view of these three movement behaviors, Canada (2016) [10], Australia (2019) [11], and Asia–Pacific region (2022) [12] launched the new 24-h Movement Guidelines for children and adolescents.”
InfluentialZhang, L., Li, Z., Kong, Z., Sun, Y. L., Lu, Y., & Zhu, W. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-99046-0 · Cited by 11
24-hour movement behaviours and mental health in non-clinical populations: A systematic review
Dale, R., O’Rourke, T., Nußbaumer-Streit, B., & Probst, T. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0325445 · Cited by 11
“This research was used to develop the 24-hour movement guidelines for children [9] and adults [8] to outline the ideal daily movement patterns for optimal physical health, thus providing a roadmap for counteracting the health risks of the sedentary nature of modern industrialised societies (Box 1).”
Herold, F., Ludyga, S., Mavilidi, M. F., Benzing, V., Vazou, S., Tomporowski, P. D., & Pesce, C. (2025) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-025-10031-5 · Cited by 13
“…activity or ≤ 2 h of screen time or 9–11 h of sleep in children aged 5 to 13 years, and 8–10 h of sleep in adolescents 14 to 17 years (Okely et al., 2022; Tremblay et al., 2016) show better academic and cognitive performance, even though with considerable variations in the magnitude of the…”
InfluentialDong, D., He, B. H., Kong, J., Zhou, A., Lv, M., Zhang, D., & Dong, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1610070 · Cited by 9
Can Replacing Sitting Time with Standing Time Improve Adolescents’ Cardiometabolic Health?
de Moura, B. P., Rufino, R., de Faria, R. C., Sasaki, J. E., & Amorim, P. R. D. S. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16173115 · Cited by 10
Kļaviņa-Makrecka, S., Gobiņa, I., Pulmanis, T., Pudule, I., & Villerusa, A. (2020) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-020-01478-0 · Cited by 4
Villanueva‐Blasco, V. J., Soidán, J. L. G., Folgar, M. I., & Arufe-Giráldez, V. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18105464 · Cited by 10
Zhang, X., Mao, F., Wu, L., Zhang, G., Huang, Y., Chen, Q., & Cao, F. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.102 · Cited by 9
Correlates of Meeting the Muscle-Strengthening Exercise Guidelines in Children and Adolescent
Gu, J., Hong, J., Lin, Y., Yan, J. H., & Chen, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.854100 · Cited by 10
Bedard, C., King‐Dowling, S., Obeid, J., Timmons, B. W., & Ferro, M. A. (2022) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/10901981221100697 · Cited by 9
“Children 3 years engaging in an average daily PA of ≥180 minutes at any intensity as defined by Pate cut points (Pate et al., 2006) were considered to have met the guidelines (Tremblay et al., 2016).”
MethodMancini, A., Martone, D., Vitucci, D., Capobianco, A., Alfieri, A., Buono, P., & Orrù, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19127412 · Cited by 9
Results from the Malaysia 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents
Shahril, M. R., Unal, T. I., Wong, J. E., Sharif, R., Koh, D., Lee, S. T., & Poh, B. K. (2022) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.001 · Cited by 9
Plaza‐Díaz, J., Radar, A. M., Baig, A. T., Leyba, M. F., Costabel, M. M., Zavala-Crichton, J. P., Sanchez‐Martinez, J., MacKenzie, A., & Solis‐Urra, P. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9121834 · Cited by 12
“Recently, 24 h movement guidelines for children and youth aged 5–17 years have been published [50,51] with specific recommendations for physical activity (at least 1 h), screen time (no more than 2 h of screen time), and sleep (9–11 h of sleep (or 8–10 h for children aged 14 or older [50,51].”
BackgroundFagan, M. J., Duncan, M. J., Bedi, R. P., Puterman, E. M., Leatherdale, S. T., & Faulkner, G. (2023) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2023.100503 · Cited by 9
Self-citationLife course research in physical activity: Pathway to Global Action Plan 2030
Sharma, C., Ahuja, K., Kulkarni, B., Byrne, N. M., & Hills, A. P. (2023) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13554 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Tremblay, M. S., Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Connor Gorber, S., Dinh, T., Duggan, M., Faulkner, G., Gray, C. E., Gruber, R., Janson, K., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Kho, M. E., Latimer-Cheung, A. E., LeBlanc, C., Okely, A. D., Olds, T., Pate, R. R., Phillips, A., Poitras, V. J., Rodenburg, S., Sampson, M., Saunders, T. J., Stone, J. A., Stratton, G., Weiss, S. K., & Zehr, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
- Conference Board of Canada (CA)
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CA)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CA)
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- ParticipACTION (CA)
- Queen's University (CA)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
- McGill University (CA)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
- University of South Carolina (US)
- No affiliation.
- University of Prince Edward Island (CA)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Swansea University (GB)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Camosun College (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 6 (Suppl. 3)
- Pages
- S311-S327
- ISSN
- 1715-5312 (ISSN-L)
- 1715-5320
- OpenAlex
- W2435437921
- Cited by
- 2,024
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 178 · 2025: 241 · 2024: 246 · 2023: 264 · 2022: 285 · 2021: 270 · 2020: 223 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 108 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 19
- FWCI
- 84.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- IslandScholar (University of Prince Edward Island) (submittedVersion)
- QSpace (Queen's University Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- 24-hour movement guidelines, children and young people, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, light physical activity, moderate physical activity, high-intensity exercise, health indicators, AGREE II, GRADE, Canadian Health Measures Survey, stakeholder engagement
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Canada, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Sleep, Health Behavior, Exercise, Focus Groups, Guidelines as Topic, Sedentary Behavior
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