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The Role of Sleep in Emotional Brain Function
Open accessAbstract
Rapidly emerging evidence continues to describe an intimate and causal relationship between sleep and emotional brain function. These findings are mirrored by long-standing clinical observations demonstrating that nearly all mood and anxiety disorders co-occur with one or more sleep abnormalities. This review aims to (a) provide a synthesis of recent findings describing the emotional brain and behavioral benefits triggered by sleep, and conversely, the detrimental impairments following a lack of sleep; (b) outline a proposed framework in which sleep, and specifically rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep, supports a process of affective brain homeostasis, optimally preparing the organism for next-day social and emotional functioning; and (c) describe how this hypothesized framework can explain the prevalent relationships between sleep and psychiatric disorders, with a particular focus on posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression.
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“Sleep promotes memory consolidation in many domains (Rasch and Born, 2013) and has consistently been shown to enhance consolidation of emotional memory albeit with mixed findings as to whether sleep preferentially augments emotional over neutral memories (reviewed in Goldstein and Walker, 2014;Hutchison and Rathore, 2015;Kahn et al., 2013;Pace-Schott, 2015;Palmer and Alfano, 2016;Tempesta et al.,”
From Physiological feelings (2019) · cites this paper as Goldstein and Walker, 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“It is now well established that sleep is involved in the consolidation of memories, including emotional memories.9,10”
From Effects of Sleep after Experimental Trauma on Intrusive Emotional Memories. (2016) · cites this paper as [9]
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In the citing paper
“Our results are in line with studies and theoretical accounts proposing a role of sleep in the affective depotentiation of emotional memories.9,14,13,18,37”
From Effects of Sleep after Experimental Trauma on Intrusive Emotional Memories. (2016) · cites this paper as [9]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“poor sleep is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety (1–12)”
In the citing paper
“Healthy sleep is associated with normal emotion regulation [9, 10].”
From Sleep and REM sleep disturbance in the pathophysiology of PTSD: the role of extinction memory (2015) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“And, as is the case for other forms of emotional memory [10], healthy sleep may be of ongoing, and cumulative importance in the consolidation of memory for both therapeutically induced and naturally learned extinction.”
From Sleep and REM sleep disturbance in the pathophysiology of PTSD: the role of extinction memory (2015) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is associated with consolidation of emotional memory (reviewed in [8–10]), and REM sleep has been suggested to be the stage of sleep during which emotion is regulated [75].”
From Sleep and REM sleep disturbance in the pathophysiology of PTSD: the role of extinction memory (2015) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Sleep disruption may lead to fatigue [244, 245], executive deficits [246, 247], mood dysregulation [10], and psychosocial impairments [248]”
From Sleep and REM sleep disturbance in the pathophysiology of PTSD: the role of extinction memory (2015) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Disturbed sleep and sleep loss have been consistently linked to increased negative affect in adults (Goldstein & Walker, 2014).”
From Sleep and circadian contributions to adolescent alcohol use disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Goldstein & Walker, 2014
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Citations
Cites
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Cited by
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Put you down versus tune you out: Further understanding active and passive e-mail incivility.
Yuan, Z., Park, Y., & Sliter, M. T. (2020) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000215 · Cited by 33
“After poor nighttime sleep, individuals’ top-down regulation of emotional responses may be substantially weakened (Goldstein & Walker, 2014).”
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“Previous studies have focused on possible neural mechanisms and found that sleep deprivation influences brain systems that are involved in emotion, such as the amygdala [32], and the anterior cingulate cortex are thought to be a region where genes that control circadian rhythms are dysregulated in depression [33] and…”
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Insufficient sleep and suicidal ideation: a survey of 12,046 female adolescents
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REM theta activity predicts re-experiencing symptoms after exposure to a traumatic film
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Chronic sleep fragmentation enhances habenula cholinergic neural activity
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“Deficient sleep, especially REM sleep disturbance, impairs both positive and negative affect and distorts emotional brain reactivity [8, 9, 11].”
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Sleep's benefits to emotional processing emerge in the long term
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Voluntary exercise ameliorates synaptic pruning deficits in sleep-deprived adolescent mice
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“When people experience sleep loss, they tend to exhibit greater psychological stress and emotional reactivity [11, 26].”
BackgroundResultAn update on recent advances in targeted memory reactivation during sleep
Carbone, J., & Diekelmann, S. (2024) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-024-00244-8 · Cited by 43
“…andcolleagues 42 performedTMR during REM sleep and SWS. Based on the sleep to forget, sleep to remember (SFSR) hypothesis, proposed by Walker and collaborators 43 , it was assumed that the dissipation of emotional charge relies on memory reactivation during REM sleep.”
Sleepy Punishers Are Harsh Punishers
Cho, K., Barnes, C. M., & Guanara, C. L. (2016) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797616678437 · Cited by 34
“Sleep deprivation is positively correlated with emotional imbalance (Benca, Obermeyer, Thisted, & Gillin, 1992; Goldstein & Walker, 2014).”
BackgroundAssociations between sleep quality and psychological distress in early adolescence
Jamieson, D., Beaudequin, D. A., McLoughlin, L. T., Parker, M. J., Lagopoulos, J., & Hermens, D. F. (2020) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.2989/17280583.2020.1811288 · Cited by 35
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“Sleep has been suggested to further enhance this bias for the consolidation of emotional information, with studies indicating a role of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep specifically in the processing of emotional memories (Carr & Nielsen, 2015; Goldstein & Walker, 2014).”
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Both slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep contribute to emotional memory consolidation
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Cholinergic system in sleep regulation of emotion and motivation
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Enhancement of Neurocognitive Assessments Using Smartphone Capabilities: Systematic Review
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“Thus, the present data should be taken as an extreme concern since current knowledge about sleep restriction suggests deficits in behavioral performance and mood swings [27,28], and research conducted on medical students with sleep restriction reported an impairment of empathy and an increase of in-group conflicts [29…”
BackgroundWake up psychology! Postgraduate psychology students need more sleep and insomnia education
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“Alterations in brain systems mediating emotional reactivity have been suggested as one potential mechanism underlying this relationship (Goldstein and Walker, 2014), as sleep disturbance has been associated with alterations in affective functioning across the lifespan (Gregory et al., 2005; Helm et…”
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Acute sleep interventions as an avenue for treatment of trauma-associated disorders
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“Although several studies have linked stress and poor sleep (Goldstein & Walker, 2014; Kim & Dimsdale, 2007), little is known about what aspect of stress relates to sleep and how these relations unfold over time.”
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Non-rapid eye movement sleep determines resilience to social stress
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“…linking chronic stress and disrupted sleep quality (Hall et al., 2015; Pillai, Roth, Mullins, & Drake, 2014), as well as disrupted sleep quality and psychological distress (Goldstein & Walker, 2014), the role of sleep quality in promoting adjustment to chronic stress has been largely overlooked.”
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“Short sleep duration was negatively associated with brain function (43, 44), brain structure (44), executive function,”
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Reducing Suicidality Through Insomnia Treatment: Critical Next Steps in Suicide Prevention
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Sleep disturbances in generalized anxiety Disorder: The central role of insomnia
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“Thus, the employee can improve their quality of life by developing a good sleep routine and sufficient sleep after work (Goldstein and Walker 2014).”
BackgroundLassmann, Ł., Pollis, M., Żółtowska, A., & Manfredini, D. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10071528 · Cited by 26
“of REM sleep in the regulation of emotions [39].”
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“They suggested that increases in REMS amount and REMS continuity over time could reflect successful adaptation to a stressor, a hypothesis that they viewed as broadly consistent with a current view that REMS is essential to the successful processing of emotional memories.(46) An equally compelling hypothesis is that t…”
ResultWu, Z. H., Stevens, R. G., Tennen, H. A., North, C. S., Grady, J. J., & Holzer, C. E. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.4826 · Cited by 26
Poor sleep quality affects empathic responses in experienced paramedics
Guadagni, V., Cook, E. A., Hart, C. M., Burles, F., & Iaria, G. (2018) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-018-0156-8 · Cited by 25
“These findings are consistent with the extensive literature on sleep loss and its negative effects on general cognitive and emotional processes [4] and confirm that poor sleep quality affects the ability of healthy individuals to experience emotional empathy.”
ResultSleep and the recovery from stress
Yu, X., Nollet, M., Franks, N. P., & Wisden, W. (2025) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.04.028 · Cited by 28
Barzegar, M., Bahmani, D. S., Nehzat, N., Kiani, M., Hashemi, N., Mirmosayyeb, O., Brand, S., & Shaygannejad, V. (2019) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2019.04.008 · Cited by 24
Dreaming and Insomnia: Link between Physiological REM Parameters and Mentation Characteristics
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“As activated brain state postulated to subserve important functions in reappraisal and emotion regulation [15,49,50], spectral power changes in REM sleep can be expected to reflect properties of sleep mentation in addition to “intensity” or “depth” of REM sleep.”
BackgroundGlosemeyer, R. W., Diekelmann, S., Cassel, W., Kesper, K., Koehler, U., Westermann, S., Steffen, A., Borgwardt, S., Wilhelm, I., Müller‐Pinzler, L., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-74169-8 · Cited by 27
Abnormal Sleep Signals Vulnerability to Chronic Social Defeat Stress
Radwan, B., Jansen, G., & Chaudhury, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.610655 · Cited by 25
Fear in dreams and in wakefulness: Evidence for day/night affective homeostasis
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“Even if we are far away from a complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying such complex behaviour, research has highlighted different functions of sleep that concern both cognition and emotion (Walker, 2009; Goldstein and Walker, 2014).”
BackgroundThe association between REM sleep and decision-making: Supporting evidences
Brunet, J.-F., McNeil, J., Doucet, É., & Forest, G. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113109 · Cited by 24
“Therefore, the IGT was not administered after the 50% sleep restriction with delayed bedtime condition because it was hypothesized a priori that the sleep restriction with an advanced wake time condition would lead to a greater reduction in REM sleep duration [15].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialAzza, Y., Wilhelm, I., & Kleim, B. (2020) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000401 · Cited by 23
The Association Between Shift Work And Affective Disorders: A Systematic Review
D’Oliveira, T. C., & Anagnostopoulos, A. (2020) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2020.1838533 · Cited by 27
“The association between sleep deprivation and altered mental health is supported by the literature (e. g., Foster et al. 2013, Goldstein & Walker 2014; Jagannat et al. 2013; Lyall et al. 2018).”
MethodLi, B.-Z., Cao, Y., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Gao, Y., Peng, J., Shao, Y., & Zhang, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.642411 · Cited by 24
“The role played by the thalamus in emotion changes following ASD remains unclear, although ASD can lead to emotion changes (6, 12), and the thalamus has been shown to be involved in emotion changes under CSD conditions.”
BackgroundAffect, worry, and sleep: Between- and within-subject associations in a diary study
Narmandakh, A., Oldehinkel, A. J., Masselink, M., de Jonge, P., & Roest, A. M. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100134 · Cited by 24
Wang, H., Yu, K., Yang, T., Zeng, L., Li, J., Dai, C., Peng, Z., Shao, Y., Fu, W., & Qi, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.665687 · Cited by 24
Palagini, L., Geoffroy, P. A., & Riemann, D. W. (2021) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867328666211214164907 · Cited by 24
Liu, X., Chen, L., Duan, W., Li, H., Kong, L., Shu, Y., Li, P., Li, K., Xie, W., Zeng, Y., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.850940 · Cited by 23
“Although earlier studies on OSA have proposed several mechanisms of impairment, including brain tissue damage caused by intermittent hypoxia or ischemia, and emotional and cognition-related network dysfunction caused by sleep disturbance and fragmented sleep (Goldstein and Walker, 2014; Rosenzweig et al., 2015), the e…”
BackgroundSleep as a window to target traumatic memories
van der Heijden, A. C., van den Heuvel, O. A., van der Werf, Y. D., Talamini, L. M., & van Marle, H. J. F. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104765 · Cited by 26
Hodges, S., Guler, S., Sacca, V., Vangel, M., Orr, S., Pace-Schott, E., Wen, Y., Ge, T., & Kong, J. (2022) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2022.11.013 · Cited by 25
Sleep habits and sleep disorders in Italian children and adolescents: a cross-sectional survey
Breda, M., Belli, A., Esposito, D., Pilla, A. D., Melegari, M. G., DelRosso, L. M., Malorgio, E., Doria, M., Ferri, R., & Bruni, O. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.10400 · Cited by 23
Pan, L., Huang, C., Liu, Y., Peng, J., Lin, R., Yu, Y., & Qin, G. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.126 · Cited by 23
Kirov, R., Becker, A., & Rothenberger, A. (2014) · Current Developmental Disorders Reports · doi:10.1007/s40474-014-0028-0 · Cited by 23
Palmer, C. A., & Alfano, C. A. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2016.1188704 · Cited by 23
“REM sleep shows intimate relations with emotional learning and memory (Goldstein & Walker, 2014; Walker & Van Der Helm, 2009).”
BackgroundCox, R. C., McIntyre, W. A., & Olatunji, B. O. (2017) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000336 · Cited by 25
“Sleep is known to be important for the efficient consolidation of memory, including emotional memories (Goldstein & Walker, 2014).”
BackgroundZeng, S., Lin, X., Wang, J., & Hu, X. (2021) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab155 · Cited by 23
Fear of Cancer Recurrence and Sleep in Couples Coping With Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Perndorfer, C., Soriano, E. C., Siegel, S. D., Spencer, R. M. C., Otto, A. K., & Laurenceau, J.-P. (2022) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaac018 · Cited by 21
Rosier, M., Barillier, L. L., David Meunier, A., Yacoubi, M. E., Malleret, G., & Salin, P. A. (2018) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy188 · Cited by 23
Blaty, J. L., & DelRosso, L. M. (2022) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bj.2022.01.002 · Cited by 24
“Adequate sleep is important for brain development, learning, memory consolidation, emotion regulation, executive function, among other important functions [10].”
BackgroundEmotional Dysregulation, Anxiety Symptoms and Insomnia in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder
Wołyńczyk-Gmaj, D., Jakubczyk, A., Trucco, E. M., Kobyliński, P., Zaorska, J., Gmaj, B., & Kopera, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052700 · Cited by 24
“During REM sleep, limbic system structures are activated [45] and disruption of this stage of sleep among individuals with insomnia can amplify a state of hyperarousal.”
BackgroundEvening light environments can be designed to consolidate and increase the duration of REM-sleep
Vethe, D., Drews, H. J., Scott, J. L., Engstrøm, M., Heglum, H. S. A., Grønli, J., Wisor, J. P., Sand, T., Lydersen, S., Kjørstad, K., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12408-w · Cited by 22
Shi, X., Qiao, X., & Zhu, Y. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.06.003 · Cited by 24
Zhao, Y., Paulus, M. P., Tapert, S. F., Bagot, K. S., Constable, R. T., Yaggi, H. K., Redeker, N. S., & Potenza, M. N. (2024) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2024.00016 · Cited by 25
“We also explored the involvement in these relationships of a structural covariation pattern implicating a thalamus-prefrontal cortex (PFC)-brainstem circuit (Zhao, Constable, Hien, Chung, & Potenza, 2021) previously linked to SMA (Zhao et al., 2022).”
BackgroundInfluentialCarlisi, C. O., Hilbert, K., Guyer, A. E., & Ernst, M. (2017) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-017-0535-7 · Cited by 22
“These sleep-related neural effects have been proposed as a possible mechanism underlying the relationship between abnormal sleep regulation and emotional difficulties (Goldstein & Walker, 2014; Gruber & Cassoff, 2014; Reidy, Hamann, Inman, Johnson, & Brennan, 2016).”
BackgroundReview: Schlafprobleme und psychische Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Schnatschmidt, M., & Schlarb, A. A. (2018) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000605 · Cited by 23
Richards, A. L., Inslicht, S. S., Yack, L. M., Metzler, T. J., Huie, J. R., Straus, L. D., Dukes, C., Hubachek, S. Q., Felmingham, K. L., Mathalon, D. H., et al. (2021) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab271 · Cited by 23
Daimer, S., Mihatsch, L. L., Neufeld, S. A., Murray, G. K., & Knolle, F. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.75893 · Cited by 21
Examining the Causal Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Emotion Regulation and Its Neural Mechanisms
Shermohammed, M., Kordyban, L. E., & Somerville, L. H. (2020) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01555 · Cited by 22
“Observations that lack of sleep impairs executing functioning and heightens affective responding have often been cited as evidence that emotion regulation is impaired as well (Goldstein & Walker, 2014; Gruber & Cassoff, 2014).”
BackgroundBasile, C., Gigliotti, F., Cesario, S., & Bruni, O. (2021) · Advances in child development and behavior · doi:10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.11.003 · Cited by 21
Yao, Y., Jia, Y., Wen, Y., Cheng, B., Cheng, S., Liu, L., Yang, X., Meng, P., Chen, Y., Li, C., et al. (2022) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s326818 · Cited by 21
“From a neurobiological point of view, MDD is associated with exaggerated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep qualities, and activity in emotion-related regions increases significantly during REM sleep.(8,9) Individual differences in sleep time and quality are affected by multiple variables, such as sex, age, psychological…”
BackgroundYang, Q., Liu, Y., Yang, W. F. Z., Peng, P., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Li, M., Wang, Y., Hao, Y., et al. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-19932-2 · Cited by 24
“As sleep is vital for the restoration of energy and the preparation for further studying(Goldstein & Walker 2014; Hershner & Chervin 2014), daytime sleepiness might be an important factor for poorer stress management, cognitive dysfunction, and lower self-evaluation, as well as academic…”
BackgroundSystematic Review of Hypnotherapy for Sleep and Sleep Disturbance
Wofford, N., Snyder, M., Corlett, C. E., & Elkins, G. R. (2023) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207144.2023.2226177 · Cited by 25
“Generally, sleep disturbance is associated with impairments in cognition, emotion regulation, immune function, and physical health (Alhola & PoloKantola, 2007; Goldstein & Walker, 2014; Irwin, 2015).”
BackgroundHuang, L., Chen, X., Tao, Q., Wang, X., Huang, X., Fu, Y., Yang, Y., Shijie, D., Lin, S., So, K., et al. (2023) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3002282 · Cited by 21
“The response to environmental stressors comprises profound physiological changes that ensure survival and restore homeostasis [48,49].”
BackgroundNo Rest for the Wicked? The Consequences of Incarceration for Sleep Problems
Testa, A. M., & Porter, L. C. (2017) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/2156869317707002 · Cited by 22
Zvolensky, M. J., D’Souza, J. M., Garey, L., Alfano, C. A., Mayorga, N. A., Peraza, N., & Gallagher, M. W. (2019) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106199 · Cited by 21
Age effect on gray matter volume changes after sleep restriction
Long, Z., Cheng, F., & Lei, X. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228473 · Cited by 22
“Neuroimaging evidence suggests that sleep deprivation can over-generalize the responsivity of the affective salience networks [30], which means participants with sleep deprivation cannot discriminate between stimuli of different emotional strengths.”
BackgroundInvestigating the effect of a nap following experimental trauma on analogue PTSD symptoms
Wilhelm, I., Azza, Y., Brennwald, K., Ehrt‐Schäfer, Y., Seifritz, E., & Kleim, B. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83838-1 · Cited by 20
Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Sleep Quality and Body Mass Index in Emergency Nurses
Miguez-Torres, N., Martínez-Rodríguez, A., Martínez-Olcina, M., Miralles-Amorós, L., & Reche-García, C. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9050607 · Cited by 21
Wolkow, A. P., Aisbett, B., Reynolds, J., Ferguson, S. A., & Main, L. C. (2015) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-015-9329-2 · Cited by 20
“, pairing a non-threatening and threatening stimulus until a fear response to both stimuli are achieved), suggest how sleep loss can negatively alter brain processes involved in the adaptation to Fear in different situations (Goldstein and Walker 2014).”
BackgroundShort, N. A., Babson, K. A., Schmidt, N. B., Knight, C. B., Johnson, J., & Bonn-Miller, M. O. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.054 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Goldstein, A. N., & Walker, M. P.
- Affiliations
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1650;
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- ORCID
- Walker, Matthew P.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2014-03-28
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 679-708
- ISSN
- 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-5951
- PMC
- PMC4286245
- OpenAlex
- W2120192703
- Cited by
- 1,052
- References
- 151
- Citations by year
- 2026: 139 · 2025: 155 · 2024: 113 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 134 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 71 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 3.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG031164)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH093537, F31MH094075)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA031939)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep, REM sleep, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sleep deprivation, post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Sleep, REM, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Mood Disorders
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