The DOI matches its Crossref record; 197 of the 197 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Superconducting Qubits: Current State of Play
Open accessAbstract
Superconducting qubits are leading candidates in the race to build a quantum computer capable of realizing computations beyond the reach of modern supercomputers. The superconducting qubit modality has been used to demonstrate prototype algorithms in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) technology era, in which non-error-corrected qubits are used to implement quantum simulations and quantum algorithms. With the recent demonstrations of multiple high-fidelity, two-qubit gates as well as operations on logical qubits in extensible superconducting qubit systems, this modality also holds promise for the longer-term goal of building larger-scale error-corrected quantum computers. In this brief review, we discuss several of the recent experimental advances in qubit hardware, gate implementations, readout capabilities, early NISQ algorithm implementations, and quantum error correction using superconducting qubits. Although continued work on many aspects of this technology is certainly necessary, the pace of both conceptual and technical progress in recent years has been impressive, and here we hope to convey the excitement stemming from this progress.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Not all cavity EO devices use this coupled-ring-resonator approach; other designs exploit neighboring longitudinal [264] or transverse [190,262,265] optical modes of a single optical resonator, but the principle of operation is the same.”
From Integrated photonics on thin-film lithium niobate (2021) · cites this paper as [264]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond
Preskill, J. (2018) · Quantum · doi:10.22331/q-2018-08-06-79 · Cited by 8,830
Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor
Arute, F., Arya, K., Babbush, R., Bacon, D., Bardin, J. C., Barends, R., Biswas, R., Boixo, S., Brandao, F. G. S. L., Buell, D. A., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1666-5 · Cited by 7,720
Simulating physics with computers
Feynman, R. P. (1982) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf02650179 · Cited by 7,691
Dynamics of the dissipative two-state system
Leggett, A. J., Chakravarty, S., Dorsey, A. T., Fisher, M. P. A., Garg, A., & Zwerger, W. (1987) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.59.1 · Cited by 5,109
A variational eigenvalue solver on a photonic quantum processor
Peruzzo, A., McClean, J., Shadbolt, P., Yung, M.-H., Zhou, X.-Q., Love, P. J., Aspuru-Guzik, A., & O’Brien, J. L. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5213 · Cited by 4,552
Strong coupling of a single photon to a superconducting qubit using circuit quantum electrodynamics
Wallraff, A., Schuster, D. I., Blais, A., Frunzio, L., Huang, R. S., Majer, J., Kumar, S., Girvin, S. M., & Schoelkopf, R. J. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02851 · Cited by 3,796
Charge-insensitive qubit design derived from the Cooper pair box
Koch, J., Yu, T. M., Gambetta, J., Houck, A. A., Schuster, D. I., Majer, J., Blais, A., Devoret, M. H., Girvin, S. M., & Schoelkopf, R. J. (2007) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.76.042319 · Cited by 3,351
Quantum Algorithm for Linear Systems of Equations
Harrow, A. W., Hassidim, A., & Lloyd, S. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.150502 · Cited by 3,325
Lloyd, S. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.273.5278.1073 · Cited by 3,088
Surface codes: Towards practical large-scale quantum computation
Fowler, A. G., Mariantoni, M., Martinis, J. M., & Cleland, A. N. (2012) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.86.032324 · Cited by 3,059
Research works printed but not linked: 21
- Nielsen MA, 2011, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information
- Jones NC, 2012, Phys. Rev. X, 2, 031007
- Moore SK, 2017, IEEE Spectrum Tech Talk Blog
- Hsu J, 2018, IEEE Spectrum Tech Talk Blog
- Kelly J, 2018, Google AI Blog
- Wendin G, 2006, Handbook of Theoretical and Computational Nanotechnology, Vol. 3, Quantum and Molecular Computing, and Quantum Simulations, 223
- Girvin SM, 2014, Quantum Machines: Measurement and Control of Engineered Quantum Systems, Proceedings of the 2011 Les Houches Summer School on Quantum Machines, 113
- Kjaergaard M, Schwartz ME, Greene A, Samach GO, Bengtsson A, et al. 2020. arXiv:2001.08838 · arXiv
- Lin ZR, 2014, Nat. Commun., 5, 15
- IBM News Room, 2016, IBM makes quantum computing available on IBM cloud to accelerate innovation
- Salathé Y, 2015, Phys. Rev. X, 5, 021027
- Ballester D, 2012, Phys. Rev. X, 2, 021007
- Lamata L, 2018, Adv. Phys. X, 3, 1457981
- O'Malley PJ, 2016, Phys. Rev. X, 6, 031007
- 10.1038/nature23879 · DOI · Paper page
- Colless JI, 2018, Phys. Rev. X, 8, 011021
- Bravyi S, 2008, Quantum Inf. Comput., 8, 361
- Denchev VS, 2016, Phys. Rev. X, 6, 031015
- Gottesman D, 1997, Stabilizer codes and quantum error correction
- Vuillot C, 2018, Quantum Inf. Comput., 18, 949
- Michael MH, 2016, Phys. Rev. X, 6, 031006
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 1,002
Robust and Efficient Hamiltonian Learning
Yu, W., Sun, J., Han, Z., & Yuan, X. (2023) · Quantum · doi:10.22331/q-2023-06-29-1045 · Cited by 44
Optical readout of a superconducting qubit using a piezo-optomechanical transducer
van Thiel, T. C., Weaver, M. J., Berto, F., Duivestein, P., Lemang, M., Schuurman, K. L., Žemlička, M., Hijazi, F., Bernasconi, A. C., Ferrer, C., et al. (2025) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-024-02742-3 · Cited by 42
“Super-conducting processors, one of the leading architectures for QPUs, currently operate using a few hundred qubits, with roadmaps for scaling up to thousands [5–8].”
Transconductance quantization in a topological Josephson tunnel junction circuit
Peyruchat, L., Griesmar, J., Pillet, J.-D., & Girit, Ç. (2021) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.3.013289 · Cited by 40
Reservoir Computing Approach to Quantum State Measurement
Angelatos, G., Khan, S. A., & Türeci, H. E. (2021) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.11.041062 · Cited by 40
“In superconducting quantum processors [1, 2], this requires a careful calibration of the entire measurement chain, including cryogenic and room-temperature amplifiers, circulators, attenuators and room-temperature electronics.”
BackgroundAccurate Methods for the Analysis of Strong-Drive Effects in Parametric Gates
Petrescu, A., Calonnec, C. L., Leroux, C., Paolo, A. D., Mundada, P., Sussman, S., Vrajitoarea, A., Houck, A., & Blais, A. (2023) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.19.044003 · Cited by 53
Federated quanvolutional neural network: a new paradigm for collaborative quantum learning
Bhatia, A. S., Kais, S., & Alam, M. A. (2023) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/acfc61 · Cited by 43
Superconducting Quantum Interference in Twisted van der Waals Heterostructures
Farrar, L., Nevill, A., Lim, Z. J., Balakrishnan, G., Dale, S. E. C., & Bending, S. J. (2021) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00152 · Cited by 39
Quantum self-supervised learning
Jaderberg, B., Anderson, L. W., Xie, W., Albanie, S., Kiffner, M., & Jaksch, D. (2022) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/ac6825 · Cited by 48
“[72] Morten Kjaergaard, Mollie E Schwartz, Jochen Braumüller, Philip Krantz, Joel I-J Wang, Simon Gustavsson, and William D Oliver, “Superconducting qubits: Current state of play,” Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 11, 369–395 (2020).”
BackgroundTopological Two-Dimensional Floquet Lattice on a Single Superconducting Qubit
Malz, D., & Smith, A. (2021) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.126.163602 · Cited by 45
Calibration of Flux Crosstalk in Large-Scale Flux-Tunable Superconducting Quantum Circuits
Dai, X., Tennant, D., Trappen, R., Martinez, A., Melanson, D., Yurtalan, M. A., Tang, Y., Novikov, S., Grover, J. A., Disseler, S., et al. (2021) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.2.040313 · Cited by 46
An artificial spiking quantum neuron
Kristensen, L. B., Degroote, M., Wittek, P., Aspuru‐Guzik, A., & Zinner, N. T. (2021) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-021-00381-7 · Cited by 45
“The proposed model for spiking quantum neural networks is amenable to implementation in a variety of physical systems, e.g., using superconducting qubits 17 – 19 .”
MethodEngineering Dissipation with Resistive Elements in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics
Cattaneo, M., & Paraoanu, G. S. (2021) · Advanced Quantum Technologies · doi:10.1002/qute.202100054 · Cited by 38
Advanced 3D Integration Technologies in Various Quantum Computing Devices
Zhao, P., Lim, Y. D., Li, H. Y., Guidoni, L., & Tan, C. S. (2021) · IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology · doi:10.1109/ojnano.2021.3124363 · Cited by 40
Ultra-long quantum walks via spin–orbit photonics
Colandrea, F. D., Babazadeh, A., Dauphin, A., Massignan, P., Marrucci, L., & Cardano, F. (2022) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.474542 · Cited by 42
“The demand for versatile and efficient machines implementing quantum operations in a controlled and accessible environment [1] has fueled the development of a variety of artificial systems, based for instance on ultracold atomic ensembles [2], trapped ions [3], superconducting [4] and photonic platforms [5].”
BackgroundThe reservoir learning power across quantum many-body localization transition
Xia, W., Zou, J., Qiu, X., & Li, X. (2022) · Frontiers of Physics · doi:10.1007/s11467-022-1158-1 · Cited by 40
Two-Fluxonium Cross-Resonance Gate
Dogan, E., Rosenstock, D., Guevel, L. L., Xiong, H., Mencia, R., Somoroff, A., Nesterov, K., Vavilov, M., Manucharyan, V., & Wang, C. (2023) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.20.024011 · Cited by 37
NbN films with high kinetic inductance for high-quality compact superconducting resonators
Frasca, S., Arabadzhiev, I., de Puechredon, S. Y. B., Oppliger, F., Jouanny, V., Musio, R., Scigliuzzo, M., Minganti, F., Scarlino, P., & Edoardo Charbon, A. (2023) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.20.044021 · Cited by 45
Symmetry-Enforced Many-Body Separability Transitions
Chen, Y.-H., & Grover, T. (2024) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.5.030310 · Cited by 37
Patel, T., Potharaju, A., Li, B., Roy, R. B., & Tiwari, D. (2020) · SC20: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis · doi:10.1109/sc41405.2020.00050 · Cited by 37
Charge-Noise Insensitive Chiral Photonic Interface for Waveguide Circuit QED
Zhang, Y.-X., Carceller, C. R. I., Kjærgaard, M., & Sørensen, A. S. (2021) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.233601 · Cited by 38
“Furthermore, by operating in a particular dark state configuration [35] we show that excitation of the CPBs can be suppressed, such that the interface maintains the excellent coherence properties of transmons [36, 37], while still exploiting the inherent breaking of TRS by the CPBs.”
BackgroundVariational Hamiltonian simulation for translational invariant systems via classical pre-processing
Mansuroglu, R., Eckstein, T., Nützel, L., Wilkinson, S. A., & Hartmann, M. J. (2023) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/acb1d0 · Cited by 38
“9% [47], so that our results should remain relevant for future years.”
Mishra, A., Simon, P., Hyart, T., & Trif, M. (2021) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.2.040347 · Cited by 34
TOF-SIMS analysis of decoherence sources in superconducting qubits
Murthy, A. A., Lee, J., Kopas, C., Reagor, M. J., McFadden, A., Pappas, D. P., Checchin, M., Grassellino, A., & Romanenko, A. (2022) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0079321 · Cited by 36
Enriching the Quantum Toolbox of Ultracold Molecules with Rydberg Atoms
Wang, K., Williams, C. P., Picard, L. R. B., Yao, N. Y., & Ni, K.-K. (2022) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.3.030339 · Cited by 42
“However, the millisecond gate times in these schemes are long compared to what has been realized in superconducting [23], trapped ion [24], or trapped atom systems [25, 26].”
BackgroundDemonstration of Tunable Three-Body Interactions between Superconducting Qubits
Menke, T., Banner, W. P., Bergamaschi, T. R., Paolo, A. D., Vepsäläinen, A. P., Weber, S. J., Winik, R., Melville, A. J., Niedzielski, B. M., Rosenberg, D., et al. (2022) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.129.220501 · Cited by 35
Self-citationPark, C.-H., Woo, M. K., Park, B. K., Kim, Y., Baek, H., Lee, S.-W., Lim, H., Jeon, S.-W., Jung, H., Kim, S., et al. (2022) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-022-00558-8 · Cited by 36
A quantum-bit encoding converter
Darras, T., Asenbeck, B. E., Guccione, G., Cavaillès, A., Jeannic, H. L., & Laurat, J. (2022) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-022-01117-5 · Cited by 36
“For instance, in superconducting quantum computing, discrete-level computational bases and Schrödinger cat state encodings are both actively pursued [8].”
BackgroundBrady, A. J., Eickbusch, A., Singh, S., Wu, J., & Zhuang, Q. (2024) · Progress in Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1016/j.pquantelec.2023.100496 · Cited by 51
Enhancing a Many-Body Dipolar Rydberg Tweezer Array with Arbitrary Local Controls
Bornet, G., Emperauger, G., Chen, C., Machado, F., Chern, S., Leclerc, L., Gély, B., Chew, Y. T., Barredo, D., Lahaye, T., et al. (2024) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.132.263601 · Cited by 46
Quantum Divide and Compute: Exploring the Effect of Different Noise Sources
Ayral, T., Régent, F.-M. L., Saleem, Z. H., Alexeev, Y., & Suchara, M. (2021) · SN Computer Science · doi:10.1007/s42979-021-00508-9 · Cited by 40
“In reality, progress is being made on both fronts (see e.g [32, Fig.”
BackgroundOne-Photon Solutions to the Multiqubit Multimode Quantum Rabi Model for Fast W -State Generation
Peng, J., Zheng, J., Yu, J., Tang, P., Barrios, G. A., Zhong, J., Solano, E., Albarrán-Arriagada, F., & Lamata, L. (2021) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.043604 · Cited by 35
Fermi's golden rule for heating in strongly driven Floquet systems
Ikeda, T. N., & Polkovnikov, A. (2021) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.104.134308 · Cited by 37
“Spin models analyzed above can be realized, for example, in trapped ions [63, 64], Rydberg atoms [65], nuclear spins [66], nitrogen-vacancy centers [67], superconducting qubits [68], and other systems.”
BackgroundBao, Z., Wang, Z., Wu, Y., Li, Y., Ma, C., Song, Y., Zhang, H., & Duan, L. (2021) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.010503 · Cited by 37
Fault-Tolerant Multiqubit Geometric Entangling Gates Using Photonic Cat-State Qubits
Chen, Y., Stassi, R., Qin, W., Miranowicz, A., & Nori, F. (2022) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.18.024076 · Cited by 35
Toward Highly Efficient Multimode Superconducting Quantum Memory
Matanin, A. R., Gerasimov, K. I., Moiseev, E. S., Smirnov, N. S., Ivanov, А. I., Malevannaya, E. I., Polozov, V. I., Zikiy, E. V., Samoilov, A. A., Rodionov, I. A., et al. (2023) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.19.034011 · Cited by 33
“Superconducting circuits quantum electrodynamics (cQED) is among the leading realizations of intermediate-scale quantum computers [6, 7].”
BackgroundToward Molecular Spin Qubit Devices: Integration of Magnetic Molecules into Solid-State Devices
Fursina, A. A., & Sinitskii, A. S. (2023) · ACS Applied Electronic Materials · doi:10.1021/acsaelm.3c00472 · Cited by 34
Quantum Entanglement between Optical and Microwave Photonic Qubits
Meesala, S., Lake, D. P., Wood, S. M., Chiappina, P., Zhong, C., Beyer, A. D., Shaw, M. D., Jiang, L., & Painter, O. J. (2024) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.14.031055 · Cited by 49
“[12].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCoherent superconducting qubits from a subtractive junction fabrication process
Stehli, A., Brehm, J. D., Wolz, T., Baity, P., Danilin, S., Seferai, V., Rotzinger, H., Ustinov, A. V., & Weides, M. (2020) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0023533 · Cited by 36
State control in superconducting quantum processors
Vozhakov, V. A., Bastrakova, M. V., Klenov, N. V., Soloviev, I. I., Pogosov, W. V., Валерьевич, Б. Д., Zhukov, A. A., & Михайлович, С. А. (2021) · Physics-Uspekhi · doi:10.3367/ufne.2021.02.038934 · Cited by 43
Enhancing Disorder-Free Localization through Dynamically Emergent Local Symmetries
Halimeh, J. C., Homeier, L., Zhao, H., Bohrdt, A., Grusdt, F., Hauke, P., & Knolle, J. (2022) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.3.020345 · Cited by 42
“In the following, we will focus on Rydberg atom arrays [85], although the proposed scheme can similarly be adapted for superconducting qubits [86].”
MethodNonperturbative treatment of giant atoms using chain transformations
Noachtar, D. D., Knörzer, J., & Jonsson, R. H. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.106.013702 · Cited by 34
Yao, X. (2023) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.108.l031504 · Cited by 48
Quantum Optimal Control via Semi-Automatic Differentiation
Goerz, M. H., Carrasco, S. C., & Malinovsky, V. S. (2022) · Quantum · doi:10.22331/q-2022-12-07-871 · Cited by 36
“Second, entangling quantum gates have been demonstrated with gate durations anywhere between 20 ns and 5 µ s [35, 103, 105, 106].”
BackgroundXu, X., & Ansari, M. H. (2021) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.15.064074 · Cited by 36
Brown, J., Sgroi, S., Giannelli, L., Paraoanu, G. S., Paladino, E., Falci, G., Paternostro, M., & Ferraro, A. (2021) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ac2393 · Cited by 37
“…promising candidate for controlling general quantum systems are superconducting circuits, which have been widely employed to fabricate qubits (see [4, 5] for reviews) and two qubit gates [6–8], as well as implementations of so-called circuit-quantum electrodynamics (QED) [9, 10], which is at the…”
BackgroundByun, I., Kim, J., Min, D., Nagaoka, I., Fukumitsu, K., Ishikawa, I., Tanimoto, T., Tanaka, M., Inoue, K., & Kim, J. (2022) · Proceedings - International Symposium on Computer Architecture/Proceedings · doi:10.1145/3470496.3527417 · Cited by 32
“First, the qubit chip is placed at the 10mK stage of a dilution refrigerator to minimize environmental errors [37, 38].”
MethodToF-SIMS in material research: A view from nanoscale hydrogen detection
Paudel, B., Dhas, J. A., Zhou, Y., Choi, M., Senor, D. J., Chang, C.-H., Du, Y., & Zhu, Z. (2024) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2024.03.003 · Cited by 33
Scalable microwave-to-optical transducers at the single-photon level with spins
Xie, T., Fukumori, R., Li, J., & Faraon, A. (2025) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-025-02884-y · Cited by 40
“The microwave cavity has a measured decay rate of κ e = 2π × 3 MHz with no pump light, which was deliberately designed to be broad enough to interface with most superconducting qubits 45 .”
Millimeter-Wave Superconducting Qubit
Anferov, A., Wan, F., Harvey, S. P., Simon, J., & Schuster, D. (2025) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.6.020336 · Cited by 43
“Analagously to coplanar waveguide feedlines used in microwave devices [1, 68], confining the electro-magnetic fields of the signal to a slotline allows us to decouple the qubit from the feedline while maintaining resonator coupling.”
InfluentialProbing Transport and Slow Relaxation in the Mass-Imbalanced Fermi-Hubbard Model
Oppong, N. D., Pasqualetti, G., Bettermann, O., Zechmann, P., Knap, M., Bloch, I., & Fölling, S. (2022) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.12.031026 · Cited by 40
Kurter, C., Murray, C. E., Gordon, R. T., Wymore, B. B., Sandberg, M., Shelby, R. M., Eddins, A., Adiga, V. P., Finck, A. D. K., Rivera, E., et al. (2022) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-022-00542-2 · Cited by 37
Charge‐Assisted Engineering of Color Centers in Diamond
Lühmann, T., Meijer, J., & Pezzagna, S. (2021) · physica status solidi (a) · doi:10.1002/pssa.202000614 · Cited by 34
Protecting the Quantum Interference of Cat States by Phase-Space Compression
Pan, X., Schwinger, J., Huang, N.-N., Song, P., Chua, W., Hanamura, F., Joshi, A., Valadares, F., Filip, R., & Gao, Y. Y. (2023) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.13.021004 · Cited by 42
Microscopic relaxation channels in materials for superconducting qubits
Premkumar, A., Weiland, C. R., Hwang, S., Jäck, B., Place, A. P. M., Waluyo, I., Hunt, A. H., Bisogni, V., Pelliciari, J., Barbour, A., et al. (2021) · Communications Materials · doi:10.1038/s43246-021-00174-7 · Cited by 111
Designed polynuclear lanthanide complexes for quantum information processing
Aguilà, D., Roubeau, O., & Aromı́, G. (2021) · Dalton Transactions · doi:10.1039/d1dt01862k · Cited by 31
Exploiting Long-Distance Interactions and Tolerating Atom Loss in Neutral Atom Quantum Architectures
Baker, J. M., Litteken, A., Duckering, C., Hoffmann, H., Bernien, H., & Chong, F. T. (2021) · Proceedings - International Symposium on Computer Architecture/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/isca52012.2021.00069 · Cited by 42
“However, each of these systems have unique scalability challenges [9], [26].”
BackgroundSynthesizing Five-Body Interaction in a Superconducting Quantum Circuit
Zhang, K., Li, H., Zhang, P., Yuan, J., Chen, J., Ren, W., Wang, Z., Song, C., Wang, D., Wang, H., et al. (2022) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.128.190502 · Cited by 30
Ahmad, H. G., Brosco, V., Miano, A., Palma, L. D., Arzeo, M., Montemurro, D., Lucignano, P., Pepe, G. P., Tafuri, F., Rosario Fazio, B., et al. (2022) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.105.214522 · Cited by 31
“It is indeed of fundamental importance to explore novel hybrid quantum devices for enhancing both the capabilities of the superconducting electronics [4, 11] and the understanding of the exotic phenomenology that can arise in hybrid unconventional superconducting devices.”
BackgroundMethodSerret, M. F., Marchand, B., & Ayral, T. (2020) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.102.052617 · Cited by 32
Integrable Digital Quantum Simulation: Generalized Gibbs Ensembles and Trotter Transitions
Vernier, E., Bertini, B., Giudici, G., & Piroli, L. (2023) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.130.260401 · Cited by 35
Deep thermalization in constrained quantum systems
Bhore, T., Desaules, J.-Y., & Papić, Z. (2023) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.108.104317 · Cited by 35
Characterizing Crosstalk of Superconducting Transmon Processors
Ketterer, A., & Wellens, T. (2023) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.20.034065 · Cited by 38
Single-shot readout of a superconducting qubit using a thermal detector
Gunyhó, A., Kundu, S., Ma, J., Liu, W., Niemelä, S., Catto, G., Vadimov, V., Vesterinen, V., Singh, P., Chen, Q., et al. (2024) · Nature Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41928-024-01147-7 · Cited by 38
“Superconducting qubits are a promising platform for practical quantum computing 6–8 , and readout is one of the main bottlenecks restricting the development of quantum-error-corrected large-scale superconducting quantum processors.”
Stabilizing persistent currents in an atomtronic Josephson junction necklace
Pezzè, L., Xhani, K., Daix, C., Grani, N., Donelli, B., Scazza, F., Hernández-Rajkov, D., Kwon, W. J., Pace, G. D., & Roati, G. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47759-7 · Cited by 30
Performance of a Superconducting Quantum Battery
Elghaayda, S., Ali, A., Al-Kuwari, S. M., Czerwiński, A., Mansour, M., & Haddadi, S. (2025) · Advanced Quantum Technologies · doi:10.1002/qute.202400651 · Cited by 31
“Recent studies on superconducting qubit coherence times suggest that state-of-the-art devices exhibit coherence timesranging from tens to hundreds of microseconds, [14] which should be considered when designing practical charging protocols.”
InfluentialAn Application of Quantum Annealing Computing to Seismic Inversion
Souza, A. M., Martins, E. O., Roditi, I., Sá, N., Sarthour, R. S., & Oliveira, I. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Physics · doi:10.3389/fphy.2021.748285 · Cited by 35
“Giant companies like IBM, Google, and Intel are developing quantum computers based on superconducting technologies [4].”
BackgroundRealizing Quantum Algorithms on Real Quantum Computing Devices
Almudéver, C. G., Lao, L., Wille, R., & Guerreschi, G. G. (2020) · Design, Automation, and Test in Europe · doi:10.23919/date48585.2020.9116240 · Cited by 31
Generative machine learning with tensor networks: Benchmarks on near-term quantum computers
Wall, M. L., Abernathy, M. R., & Quiroz, G. (2021) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.3.023010 · Cited by 36
Multiplexed quantum repeaters based on dual-species trapped-ion systems
Dhara, P., Linke, N. M., Waks, E., Guha, S., & Seshadreesan, K. P. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.105.022623 · Cited by 30
“[6] Morten Kjaergaard, Mollie E Schwartz, Jochen Braumüller, Philip Krantz, Joel I-J Wang, Simon Gustavsson, and William D Oliver.”
BackgroundAshhab, S. (2022) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.4.013091 · Cited by 34
Quantum science: a review and current research trends
Ye, Z., & Lu, Y. (2022) · Journal of Management Analytics · doi:10.1080/23270012.2022.2089064 · Cited by 39
Pastori, L., Olsacher, T., Kokail, C., & Zoller, P. (2022) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.3.030324 · Cited by 39
“Examples are ultracold bosonic and fermionic atoms in optical lattices as Hubbard models [7–11], or spin models with trapped ions [12, 13], Rydberg tweezer arrays [14– 18], and superconducting qubits [19, 20].”
Superconducting Resonators with Voltage-Controlled Frequency and Nonlinearity
Strickland, W. M., Elfeky, B. H., Yuan, J. O., Schiela, W. F., Yu, P., Langone, D., Vavilov, M., Manucharyan, V., & Shabani, J. (2023) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.19.034021 · Cited by 30
Pulse variational quantum eigensolver on cross-resonance-based hardware
Egger, D. J., Capecci, C., Pokharel, B., Barkoutsos, P. K., Fischer, L. E., Guidoni, L., & Tavernelli, I. (2023) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.5.033159 · Cited by 40
Shuttling for Scalable Trapped-Ion Quantum Computers
Schoenberger, D., Hillmich, S., Brandl, M., & Wille, R. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tcad.2024.3513262 · Cited by 39
“The advantage of quantum computing lies in the exploitation of quantum mechanical effects [4], such as superposition , where a quantum state can assume a combination of basis states, and entanglement , where qubits can lose their locality and can no longer be described individually.”
Cyclic solid-state quantum battery: thermodynamic characterization and quantum hardware simulation
Razzoli, L., Gemme, G., Khomchenko, I., Sassetti, M., Ouerdane, H., Ferraro, D., & Benenti, G. (2024) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/ad9ed4 · Cited by 29
“The use of superconducting circuits represents a major advantage, as they are nowadays a well-established solid-state platform [40, 41] which has already proved its versatility in various contexts, with applications ranging from quantum information processing and computing [42] to sensing [43–45],…”
BackgroundIn-situ bandaged Josephson junctions for superconducting quantum processors
Bilmes, A., Händel, A. K., Volosheniuk, S., Ustinov, A. V., & Lisenfeld, J. (2021) · Superconductor Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/1361-6668/ac2a6d · Cited by 36
“e realized with non-linear resonators formed by capacitively or inductively shunted Josephson tunnel junctions [1, 2].”
BackgroundQuantum Fokker-Planck Master Equation for Continuous Feedback Control
Annby-Andersson, B., Bakhshinezhad, P., Bhattacharyya, D., Sousa, G. D., Jarzynski, C., Samuelsson, P., & Potts, P. P. (2022) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.129.050401 · Cited by 29
Quantum information scrambling: from holography to quantum simulators
Bhattacharyya, A., Joshi, L. K., & Sundar, B. (2022) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10377-y · Cited by 32
“In this regard, many-body quantum simulation platforms based on ultracold gases [161,162], trapped ions [88,89], Rydberg atoms [90,163–165], superconducting circuits [166,167], nuclear magnetic resonators [168–170], and photonic systems [171, 172] have demonstrated tremendous potential to simulate useful physical mode…”
BackgroundCooper-Pair Box Coupled to Two Resonators: An Architecture for a Quantum Refrigerator
Guthrie, A., Satrya, C. D., Chang, Y.-C., Menczel, P., Nori, F., & Pekola, J. P. (2022) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.17.064022 · Cited by 29
Quantum simulations of hydrodynamics via the Madelung transformation
Zylberman, J., Molfetta, G. D., Brächet, M., Loureiro, N., & Debbasch, F. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.106.032408 · Cited by 29
Enhancing the coherence of superconducting quantum bits with electric fields
Lisenfeld, J., Bilmes, A., & Ustinov, A. V. (2023) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-023-00678-9 · Cited by 32
Variational quantum time evolution without the quantum geometric tensor
Gacon, J., Nys, J., Rossi, R., Woerner, S., & Carleo, G. (2024) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.6.013143 · Cited by 37
Quantum Computing Technological Design Along with Its Dark Side
Pithawa, D., Nahar, S., Bhardwaj, V., Rawat, R., Dronawat, R., & Rawat, A. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394167401.ch18 · Cited by 30
Detecting Hidden Photon Dark Matter Using the Direct Excitation of Transmon Qubits
Chen, S., Fukuda, H., Inada, T., Moroi, T., Nitta, T., & Sichanugrist, T. (2023) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.131.211001 · Cited by 43
Superconducting quantum computers: who is leading the future?
AbuGhanem, M. (2025) · EPJ Quantum Technology · doi:10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00405-7 · Cited by 38
Breaking the trade-off between fast control and long lifetime of a superconducting qubit
Kono, S., Koshino, K., Lachance-Quirion, D., van Loo, A. F., Tabuchi, Y., Noguchi, A., & Nakamura, Y. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17511-y · Cited by 28
Tennant, D., Martinez, L. A., Beck, K. M., O’Kelley, S. R., Wilen, C. D., McDermott, R., DuBois, J. L., & Rosen, Y. J. (2022) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.3.030307 · Cited by 32
Spin-Boson Quantum Phase Transition in Multilevel Superconducting Qubits
Kaur, K., Sépulcre, T., Roch, N., Snyman, I., Florens, S., & Bera, S. (2021) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.237702 · Cited by 29
Josephson-junction-based axion detection through resonant activation
Grimaudo, R., Valenti, D., Spagnolo, B., Filatrella, G., & Guarcello, C. (2022) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.105.033007 · Cited by 28
Controlled-Controlled-Phase Gates for Superconducting Qubits Mediated by a Shared Tunable Coupler
Glaser, N. J., Roy, F., & Filipp, S. (2023) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.19.044001 · Cited by 31
“Superconducting quantum circuits with fast and highfidelity single- and two-qubit operations are considered promising candidates for quantum applications [1].”
BackgroundCelsi, M. R., & Celsi, L. R. (2024) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en17051039 · Cited by 30
“They also demonstrate relatively brief data stability lifetimes, with quantum information lost within milliseconds at best [13].”
BackgroundNonadiabatic geometric quantum computation with optimal control on superconducting circuits
Xu, J. M., Li, S., Chen, T., & Xue, Z. (2020) · Frontiers of Physics · doi:10.1007/s11467-020-0976-2 · Cited by 27
Quantum Divide and Compute: Hardware Demonstrations and Noisy Simulations
Ayral, T., Régent, F.-M. L., Saleem, Z. H., Alexeev, Y., & Suchara, M. (2020) · IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI · doi:10.1109/isvlsi49217.2020.00034 · Cited by 27
“Because of rapid technological progress, quantum processors of increasing quality and size are becoming available, whether of the superconducting [1] or of the trapped-ion [2] type.”
BackgroundEpitaxial superconductor-semiconductor two-dimensional systems for superconducting quantum circuits
Yuan, J. O., Wickramasinghe, K. S., Strickland, W. M., Dartiailh, M., Sardashti, K., Hatefipour, M., & Shabani, J. (2021) · Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Vacuum Surfaces and Films · doi:10.1116/6.0000918 · Cited by 26
SpinQ Gemini: a desktop quantum computing platform for education and research
Hou, S., Feng, G., Wu, Z., Zou, H., Shi, W., Zeng, J., Cao, C., Yü, S., Sheng, Z., Rao, X., et al. (2021) · EPJ Quantum Technology · doi:10.1140/epjqt/s40507-021-00109-8 · Cited by 38
Butko, A., Michelogiannakis, G., Williams, S., Iancu, C., Donofrio, D., Shalf, J. M., Carter, J. T., & Siddiqi, I. A. (2020) · IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC) · doi:10.1109/icrc2020.2020.00011 · Cited by 32
“Superconducting qubits have inconveniently short lifetimes [29].”
NISQ Quantum Computing: A Security-Centric Tutorial and Survey [Feature]
Chen, F., Jiang, L., Müller, H. A., Richerme, P., Chu, C., Fu, Z., & Min, Y. (2024) · IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcas.2024.3349665 · Cited by 32
High-Coherence Kerr-Cat Qubit in 2D Architecture
Hajr, A., Qing, B., Wang, K., Koolstra, G., Pedramrazi, Z., Kang, Z., Chen, L., Nguyen, L. B., Jünger, C., Goss, N., et al. (2024) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.14.041049 · Cited by 36
“Superconducting quantum circuits offer a rich platform for engineering Hamiltonians that encode and manipulate quantum information faster than the decoherence rates [1–10].”
Advancements in superconducting quantum computing
Jiang, Y.-Y., Deng, C., Fan, H., Li, B.-Y., Sun, L., Tan, X., Wang, W., Xue, G., Yan, F., Yu, H., et al. (2025) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwaf246 · Cited by 42
“Combining more programmability with analog simulators, a hybrid digital-analog approach merges analog unitary blocks and digital quantum gates and preserves both the scalability and versatility of the analog and digital simulators, respectively [144 ].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Kjaergaard, M., Schwartz, M. E., Braumüller, J., Krantz, P., Wang, J. I.-J., Gustavsson, S., & Oliver, W. D.
- Affiliations
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory (US)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Chalmers University of Technology (SE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2020-03-10
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 369-395
- ISSN
- 1947-5454 (ISSN-L)
- 1947-5462
- OpenAlex
- W2947902637
- Cited by
- 1,544
- References
- 184
- Citations by year
- 2026: 233 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 269 · 2023: 230 · 2022: 219 · 2021: 192 · 2020: 68
- FWCI
- 7.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (FA8721-05-C-0002, 1720311)
- Office of the Director of National Intelligence
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (FA8721-05-C-0002)
- Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (W911NF1810218)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine
- Wallenberg Center for Quantum Technology, Chalmers University of Technology
- Army Research Office (W911NF-18-1-0116, W911NF1810218, W911NF-18-1-0411, W911NF-14-1, W911NF-141-0682, W911NF)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Superconducting and THz Device Technology
- Keywords
- superconducting qubits, quantum computing hardware, noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing, two-qubit gate fidelity, qubit readout, logical qubits, quantum error correction, quantum algorithms, quantum simulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
