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Heterogeneity of Human CD4 + T Cells Against Microbes
Abstract
CD4 + T helper (Th) cells play a central role in the adaptive immune response by providing help to B cells and cytotoxic T cells and by releasing different types of cytokines in tissues to mediate protection against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. These functions are performed by different types of Th cells endowed with distinct migratory capacities and effector functions. Here we discuss how studies of the human T cell response to microbes have advanced our understanding of Th cell functional heterogeneity, in particular with the discovery of a distinct Th1 subset involved in the response to Mycobacteria and the characterization of two types of Th17 cells specific for extracellular bacteria or fungi. We also review new approaches to dissect at the clonal level the human CD4 + T cell response induced by pathogens or vaccines that have revealed an unexpected degree of intraclonal diversification and propose a progressive and selective model of CD4 + T cell differentiation.
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“They can exert their protective function either directly, by acquiring effector and cytotoxic phenotypes, or indirectly, by the release of different types of cytokines that optimize durable CD8+ T cell responses and provide help to B cells for Ab production [131].”
From Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition) (2021) · cites this paper as [131]
In the citing paper
“analysis of Th17 cells in different tissue sites has revealed that Th17 cells may exhibit distinct transcriptional profiles associated with either homeostatic or pathogenic functions”
From TH17 cell heterogeneity and its role in tissue inflammation (2023) · cites this paper as [40]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sallusto, F.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Sallusto, Federica
- ORCID
- Sallusto, Federica
- Venue
- Annual Review of Immunology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2016-05-20
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 317-334
- ISSN
- 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-3278
- OpenAlex
- W2358115279
- Cited by
- 336
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 3.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- CD4+ T cells, Th1 cells, Th17 cells, mycobacteria, extracellular bacteria, T cell differentiation, vaccine-induced T cell responses
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacterial Infections, Cell Differentiation, Clone Cells, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Humans, Mycoses, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, Vaccines, CD4 Antigens, Th1 Cells, Biodiversity, Adaptive Immunity, Immunity, Humoral, Th17 Cells, Clonal Selection, Antigen-Mediated
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