Cited by 1,258ATP Synthase and ATPases ResearchCellular transport and secretionIon Transport and Channel Regulation

Lysosomal acidification mechanisms

Mindell, Joseph A.·2012·Annual Review of Physiology

Abstract

Lysosomes, the terminal organelles on the endocytic pathway, digest macromolecules and make their components available to the cell as nutrients. Hydrolytic enzymes specific to a wide range of targets reside within the lysosome; these enzymes are activated by the highly acidic pH (between 4.5 and 5.0) in the organelles' interior. Lysosomes generate and maintain their pH gradients by using the activity of a proton-pumping V-type ATPase, which uses metabolic energy in the form of ATP to pump protons into the lysosome lumen. Because this activity separates electric charge and generates a transmembrane voltage, another ion must move to dissipate this voltage for net pumping to occur. This so-called counterion may be either a cation (moving out of the lysosome) or an anion (moving into the lysosome). Recent data support the involvement of ClC-7, a Cl(-)/H(+) antiporter, in this process, although many open questions remain as to this transporter's involvement. Although functional results also point to a cation transporter, its molecular identity remains uncertain. Both the V-ATPase and the counterion transporter are likely to be important players in the mechanisms determining the steady-state pH of the lysosome interior. Exciting new results suggest that lysosomal pH may be dynamically regulated in some cell types.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-physiol-012110-142317

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Authors
Mindell, J. A.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Mindell, Joseph A.
Venue
Annual Review of Physiology
Published
2012-03-17
Volume
74
Issue
1
Pages
69-86
ISSN
  • 0066-4278 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-1585
OpenAlex
W2000678720
Cited by
1,258
References
93
Citations by year
2026: 99 · 2025: 123 · 2024: 133 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 109 · 2021: 113 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 112 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 76 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 5
FWCI
2.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annual Review of Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Keywords
lysosomal acidification, lysosomal pH, V-type ATPase, proton translocation, counterion transport, ClC-7, cation transport, endocytic pathway, pH control
MeSH terms
Animals, Biotransformation, Cations, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Ions, Lysosomes, Chloride Channels, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases, Electrophysiological Phenomena

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