Mitochondrial-nuclear communications
Abstract
Mitochondria cannot be made de novo but replicate by a mechanism of recruitment of new proteins, which are added to preexisting subcompartments. Although mitochondria have their own DNA, more than 98% of the total protein complement of the organelle is encoded by the nuclear genome. Mitochondrial biogenesis requires a coordination of expression of two genomes and therefore cross talk between the nucleus and mitochondria. In mammals, regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and proliferation is influenced by external factors, such as nutrients, hormones, temperature, exercise, hypoxia, and aging. This complexity points to the existence of a coordinated and tightly regulated network connecting different pathways. Communications are also required for eliciting mitochondrial responses to specific stress pathways. This review covers the mechanisms of mitochondrial biogenesis and the way cells respond to external signals to maintain mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis.
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PGC-1α activates nuclear respiratory factors, increasing nuclear transcription of mitochondrial genes.
“peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) activates nuclear respiratory factors, increasing nuclear transcription of mitochondrial genes (Ryan and Hoogenraad, 2007)”
From Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training Modalities (2021) · cites this paper as Ryan and Hoogenraad, 2007
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- Authors
- Ryan, M. T., & Hoogenraad, N. J.
- Affiliations
- La Trobe University (AU)
- ORCID
- Ryan, Michael T.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2007-06-07
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 701-722
- ISSN
- 0066-4154 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4509
- OpenAlex
- W2102186047
- Cited by
- 575
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 2.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial proliferation, mitochondrial-nuclear communication, mitochondrial DNA, nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins, nutrient regulation, hormonal regulation, temperature regulation, physical activity, hypoxia, aging, mitochondrial stress response, cellular homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Calcium, Cell Nucleus, Mitochondria, Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, Mitochondrial Proteins
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