Cognition and Depression: Current Status and Future Directions

In the citing paper

“Such neural network alterations are posited to contribute to impaired regulatory control of stimulus-driven affective processing 7,45 , producing rigid negative biases evident across a wide range of implicit information processing domains (e.g., negative appraisals of self, the environment, and the future 46 ; preferential attention and memory for negative stimuli 45,47 ).”

In the citing paper

“Attention, which acts as an initial filter on the information entering conscious awareness, shows valence-specific alterations in depressed patients including attentional preference for dysphoric stimuli and biases away from positive stimuli 45,47,83 .”

In the citing paper

“major depression is characterized by a strong disturbance in WM (Banich et al., 2009; Foland-Ross & Gotlib, 2012; Gotlib & Joormann, 2010; Joormann, 2018; Kaiser et al., 2015).”

In the citing paper

“Additionally, we used a multidimensional approach to evaluate trial outcomes; symptom assessments were complemented with evaluation of change in subjective mental health behaviors and quality of life, as well as change in objective measures of neuro-cognition that are impacted in depression [31–37].”

In the citing paper

“Notably, while depression can be associated with cognitive deficits [31–37]”

In the citing paper

“Cognitive reappraisal is correlated with adaptive outcomes, such as lower depression [25]”

In the citing paper

“It is different to expression suppression, which implies an intentional inhibition of behaviors associated with negative emotions [25].”

In the citing paper

“This blunted signal in attention-related brain areas during switching in MDD may underlie the previously outlined increased switch-related response latencies at a behavioral level in this group, and putatively reflect deficits in attention control at the clinical level of this disorder [58].”

In the citing paper

“In parallel, acute stress has been shown to trigger affective and cognitive changes similar to biased information processing characteristic to depression (Gotlib and Joormann, 2010).”

In the citing paper

“These functional abnormalities might underlie the increased sensitivity to negative emotional stimuli and the difficulty in disengaging from them, which is contained in the construct of negative bias in depression (58,59).”

In the citing paper

“Investigations of cognition-emotion interactions have revealed that cognitive deficits, such as problems with memory and attention, are common during depressive episodes (Gotlib and Joormann 2010; Levin et al. 2007).”

In the citing paper

“Once considered an epiphenomenon of depression (Austin et al. 2001), it has been suggested that EF deficits play an active role in depressive episodes (Gotlib and Joormann 2010).”

In the citing paper

“A large body of research, largely utilizing the Dot Probe56 or Emotional Stroop Task57 has shown that depressed patients tend to spend more time attending to negative information, such as sad faces than neutral or positive information (for review see refs. 58,59).”

In the citing paper

“Generally speaking, depressed patients’ attention tends to linger longer on negative information such as sad faces than healthy controls do, which suggests a negative bias in the way that depressed individuals sample information from their environments.”

In the citing paper

“Likewise, self-reports are affected by recall bias. In other words, depressed patients have been found to alter the content of past experiences when asked to retrieve them retrospectively [8,9], judging symptoms as more severe [10] or increasing the elaboration of negative information [11].”